Investigation of Vscous/Inviscid Interaction in Transonic Flow Over Airfoils With Suction

The viscous/inviscid interaction over transonic airfoils with and without suction is studied. The streamline angle at the edge of the boundary layer is used to couple the viscous and inviscid flows. The potential flow equations are solved for the inviscid flow field. In the shock region the Euler equations are solved using the method of integral relations. For this the potential flow solution is used as the initial and boundary conditions. An integral method is used to solve the laminar boundary-layer equations. Since both methods are integral methods, a continuous interaction is allowed between the outer inviscid flow region and the inner viscous flow region. To avoid the Goldstein singularity near the separation point the laminar boundary-layer equations are derived in an inverse form to obtain solutions for the flows with small separations. The displacement thickness distribution is specified instead of the usual pressure distribution to solve the boundary-layer equations. The Euler equations are solved for the inviscid flow using finite volume technique and the coupling is achieved by surface transpiration model. A method is developed to apply a minimum amount of suction that is required to have an attached flow on the airfoil. The suction parameter is varied based on the velocity profile parameter and the suction distribution obtained is considered to be close to the optimum value. The turbulent boundary layer equations are derived using the bi-logarithmic wall law for mass transfer. The solution method is similar to the laminar inverse boundary-layer approach. The results are found to be in good agreement with available experimental data and with the results of other computational methods

Pengaruh Jigsaw dan Course Review Horay Berbantuan Puzzle Pada Pemahaman Konsep Bentuk Akar Kelas X Di MA. Ashri Jember

Learning is the main activity of the educational process. This research aims to know the existence of Jigsaw Influence and Course Review Horay which is Assisted Puzzle on Understanding Concept of Grade Student Root Class in MA ASHRI Jember. The type of research used is experimental research. Based on the results of data analysis, normality test can be known value significance for data Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk. uentially of 0.2 and 0.07. The result is greater than 0.05. For Homogeneity Test obtained Fhitung 1.5171, Ftabel = 4.14 it appears that Fhitung <Ftabel. This shows that the data of the two variables are homogeneous. For Test Hypothesis (Test t) obtained thitung> ttabel (1,94> 1,66757). This shows that the jigsaw model and course review horay with the help of puzzles have an effect on the students' understanding of mathematical concepts. Keyword : Learning Jigsaw model, CRH Model learning, Concept Understandin

Efektivitas Pemberian Beberapa Jenis Bahan Organik Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Dan Mikoriza Pada Tanaman Karet Di Tanah Cekaman Kekeringan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pemberian Bahan Organik TKKS dan Mikoriza terhadap pertumbuhan stum karet berpayung dua ditanah cekaman kekeringan pada kadar 60 %. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di rumah kasa Fakultas Pertanian USU (± 25 m dpl) pada bulan November 2014 – Mei 2015 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial (RAL) dengan dua faktor. Fakktor pertama yaitu dosis Bahan Organik Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) dengan 4 taraf yaitu 0 g/polybag, 300 g/polybag, 600 g/polybag, 900 g/polybag; dan faktor kedua yaitu jenis Mikoriza dengan 4 taraf yaitu tanpa mikoriza, Glomus, Acaulospora, Glomus+Acaulospora. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahawa aplikasi bahan organik TKKS memiliki pengaruh yang nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman dan cenderung nyata pada diameter batang. Dimana taraf terbaiknya diperoleh pada dosis 600 g/polybag. Pemberian Mikoriza tidak berpengaruh nyata namun dapat meningkatakan rata-rata tinggi tanaman dan diameter batang. Jenis mikoriza yang terbaik diperoleh pada jenis mikoriza yang digabung yaitu Glomus + Acaulospora. interaksi antara bahan organik TKKS dan Mikoriza tidak berpengaruh nyata namun dapat meningkatkan rata-rata tinggi tanaman dan diameter batang. Taraf kombinasi yang terbaik terdapat pada Bahan Organik TKKS 300 g/polybag dan Mikoriza Glomus + Acaulospora

Effects Of Presentation Modes On The Learning Of Sign Language Among Hearing Impaired Students With Different Cognitive Styles

Kajian kuantitatif ini menyiasat kesan mod persembahan ke atas pembelajaran bahasa isyarat dalam kalangan 147 orang pelajar bermasalah pendengaran di sekolah rendah pendidikan khas di Malaysia. Suatu reka bentuk faktorial kuasi-eksperimen 2 x 3 dengan ukuran berulang bagi pemboleh ubah moderator dalam reka bentuk praujian-pascaujian kumpulan kawalan tidak setara telah disesuaikan dalam kajian ini. Pemboleh ubah bebas adalah tiga mod perisian koswer iaitu video Bahasa Isyarat, Teks dan Imej (SLTI), video Bahasa Isyarat dan Teks (SLT) dan video Bahasa Isyarat dan Imej (SLI). Pemboleh ubah moderator adalah pelbagai gaya kognitif (FD dan FI). Pemboleh ubah bersandar adalah pencapaian pelajar seperti yang diukur oleh skor pascaujian. Kajian ini terdiri daripada dua bahagian, iaitu pembangunan dan penilaian. Dalam bahagian pertama, 3 mod persembahan direka dan dibangunkan. Dalam bahagian kedua, kajian ini mengkaji kesan tiga mod persembahan bahasa isyarat multimedia ke atas pelajar bermasalah pendengaran pelbagai gaya kognitif. Analisis statistik ANOVA dan ANCOVA telah dijalankan untuk menguji hipotesis dalam kajian ini. This quantitative study investigated the effects of presentation modes on the learning of sign language among 147 hearing impaired students in special education primary schools for the hearing impaired in Malaysia. This study consists of two parts, namely, development and evaluation. A 2 x 3 quasi-experimental factorial design with repeated measure for the moderator variable in a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was adopted in this study. The independent variables are the three presentation modes of the courseware namely Sign Language Video, Text and Image (SLTI), Sign Language Video and Text (SLT) and Sign Language Video and Image (SLI). The moderator variable is the different cognitive styles (FD and FI). The dependent variable is the students' achievement scores as measured by the posttest scores. In the first part, the presentation modes were designed and developed. In the second part, this study investigated the effects of the three presentation modes on hearing impaired students of different cognitive styles. ANOVA and ANCOVA analyses were conducted to test the null hypotheses in this study

Ferromagnetic transition in a double-exchange system

We study ferromagnetic transition in three-dimensional double-exchange model. The influence of strong spin fluctuations on conduction electrons is described in coherent potential approximation. In the framework of thermodynamic approach we construct for the system "electrons (in a disordered spin configuration) + spins" the Landau functional, from the analysis of which critical temperature of ferromagnetic transition is calculated.Comment: 4 pages, 1 eps figure, LaTeX2e, RevTeX. References added, text change

EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN BEBERAPA JENIS BAHAN ORGANIK TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DAN MIKORIZA PADA TANAMAN KARET DI TANAH CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pemberian Bahan Organik TKKS dan Mikoriza terhadap pertumbuhan stum karet berpayung dua ditanah cekaman kekeringan pada kadar 60 %. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di rumah kasa Fakultas Pertanian USU (± 25 m dpl) pada bulan November 2014 – Mei 2015 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial (RAL) dengan dua faktor. Fakktor pertama yaitu dosis Bahan Organik Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) dengan 4 taraf yaitu 0 g/polybag, 300 g/polybag, 600 g/polybag, 900 g/polybag; dan faktor kedua yaitu jenis Mikoriza dengan 4 taraf yaitu tanpa mikoriza, Glomus, Acaulospora, Glomus+Acaulospora. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahawa aplikasi bahan organik TKKS memiliki pengaruh yang nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman dan cenderung nyata pada diameter batang. Dimana taraf terbaiknya diperoleh pada dosis 600 g/polybag. Pemberian Mikoriza tidak berpengaruh nyata namun dapat meningkatakan rata-rata tinggi tanaman dan diameter batang. Jenis mikoriza yang terbaik diperoleh pada jenis mikoriza yang digabung yaitu Glomus + Acaulospora. interaksi antara bahan organik TKKS dan Mikoriza tidak berpengaruh nyata namun dapat meningkatkan rata-rata tinggi tanaman dan diameter batang. Taraf kombinasi yang terbaik terdapat pada Bahan Organik TKKS 300 g/polybag dan Mikoriza Glomus + Acaulospora

MENINGKATKAN PENJUALAN PRODUK UMKM DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN MEDIA SOSIAL TIKTOK DAN APLIKASI CANVA

Technological developments have a significant impact on UMKM players. So, inevitably, UMKM players must adjust to marketing that used to be conventional and switch to online. Online sales are one of the right marketing strategies to use because more and more people are accessing the internet, one way to market products or sales via the internet is to market through social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, tik-tok. The benefits of Community Development activities carried out at UMKM - Mutiara Depok Housing are in addition to providing assistance and socializing product marketing digitally with Tiktok Social-Media in increasing product sales and expanding market share by utilizing the Canva Application for branding product photos through digital marketing. Of the 12 UMKM players who participated in this activity, it shows that 80% of UMKM already have and utilize social media for their product marketing activities. As for those who have not used it because they do not understand its use, especially the Canva applicationPerkembangan teknologi membawa dampak yang signifikan bagi para pelaku UMKM. Sehingga, mau tidak mau, pelaku UMKM harus menyesuaikan diri dengan pemasaran yang dulunya secara konvensional dan beralih ke online. Penjualan secara online merupakan salah satu strategi pemasaran yang tepat digunakan karena makin banyaknya orang yang mengakses internet, salah satu cara memasarkan produk atau penjualan lewat internet adalah dengan memasarkan lewat jejaring sosial seperti facebook, twitter, Instagram, tik-tok. Manfaat kegiatan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (Community Development) yang dilakukan di UMKM - Perumahan Mutiara Depok ini selain melakukan pendampingan juga sosialisasi pemasaran produk secara digital dengan Media Sosial Tiktok dalam meningkatkan penjualan produk dan memperluas pangsa pasar dengan cara pemanfaatan Aplikasi Canva untuk branding foto produk secara digital marketing. Dari 12 pelaku UMKM yang mengikuti kegiatan ini, memperlihatkan 80% UMKM telah memiliki dan memanfaatkan media sosial untuk kegiatan pemasaran produknya. Adapun yang belum memanfaatkan karena belum memahami dalam penggunaannya terutama aplikasi Canva

Phonophoresis in Physiotherapy: Mechanisms, Applications, and Emerging Trends for Enhanced Drug Delivery and Therapeutic Efficacy

Phonophoresis, a widely utilized treatment in physiotherapy, combines topically applied gel or cream-based medications with ultrasonic therapy to enhance percutaneous absorption of pharmacological agents. The procedure employs ultrasound frequencies of 0.7 to 1.1 MHz with intensities ranging from 0.0 to 3.0 Watts per cm². Indications for phonophoresis span various inflammatory, deformative, dermatological, and rheumatic/neurological conditions. Recent studies suggest its clinical efficacy in pain relief and improved function, especially in conditions like lateral epicondylitis and osteoarthritis. The mechanism of action involves both thermal and non-thermal effects, with cavitation playing a key role in enhancing transdermal transport. Phonophoresis offers a non-invasive alternative for drug delivery, bypassing hepatic metabolism and minimizing systemic side effects. Various medicinal gels, particularly diclofenac, are used for transdermal drug delivery through phonophoresis. Low frequency phonophoresis has gained attention for enhancing transdermal transport, especially for macromolecules. Its applications extend beyond physiotherapy to include ocular drug delivery, nail therapy, gene therapy, and sports sciences. Clinical studies demonstrate the effectiveness of phonophoresis in conditions like anterior knee pain, tuberculous lymphadenitis, acute low back pain, and latent myofascial trigger points. Dosage considerations emphasize optimizing thermal effects without causing tissue damage. Studies highlight the potential of phonophoresis in relieving pain and improving function, particularly in knee osteoarthritis. Additionally, phonophoresis with Phyllanthus amarus nanoparticle gel shows promise in reducing pain and enhancing functional capacity in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. In summary, phonophoresis stands as a valuable modality in physiotherapy, showcasing diverse applications and demonstrating clinical efficacy in various musculoskeletal and inflammatory conditions. Further research is warranted to explore its full potential and optimize treatment protocols

Sagarmatha

Part 1; Language: Nepal

Inventory Management with Variable Lead-Time Dependent Procurement Cost

A reduction in the inventory replenishment lead-time allows reducing safety stock requirements and improving customer service. However, it might be accompanied by increased procurement costs because of premium charges imposed by suppliers, or higher transportation costs. This paper studies a single-stage variable lead-time inventory system with lead-time dependent procurement cost. Selection of the lead-time value represents finding the trade-off between benefits of lead-time reduction and increase in the procurement cost. A model for joint optimization of inventory and procurement costs is developed. Numerical studies are conducted to identify conditions under which lead-time reduction is favorable compared to procuring at the lowest cost