Enquête sur les petits métiers de la pêche en Languedoc-Roussillon

Le programme de recherche POLYPECHE, réalisé avec le support financier de la Fondation de France, a comme objet principal l'étude de la polyvalence de la pêche aux petits métiers dans la région Languedoc-Roussillon et ses implications en termes de durabilité et de gestion. Une connaissance actualisée des formes techniques et organisationnelles de cette polyvalence nous est apparue nécessaire. L'enquête présentée ici entend répondre à ce besoin. Elle a été réalisée d'octobre 2012 à janvier 2013 dans l'ensemble des prud'homies de la région auprès d'un échantillon de patrons pêcheurs. Les questions posées concernent les moyens humains et matériels des entreprises individuelles de pêche, les conditions d'accès et de maintien dans la profession, les pratiques de pêche, la perception des patrons pêcheurs sur les milieux exploités, leurs ressources, le système de gestion de l'activité. Elle a été complétée par une étude plus spécifique sur les conditions d'installation dans la profession de patron pêcheur petits métiers. Ce rapport présentera dans un premier temps les aspects méthodologiques de l'enquête et de son traitement statistique. Les résultats d'ensemble seront ensuite présentés et discutés. Des annexes présenteront ensuite l'étude sur les conditions d'installation dans la pêche aux petits métiers et enfin les résultats obtenus par prud'homie

Modulation of P-glycoprotein activity by acridones and coumarins from Citrus sinensis

Bioguided fractionation of the roots of Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae) led to the isolation and identification of five coumarins, namely, clausarin, suberosin, poncitrin, xanthyletin and thamnosmonin, seven acridones, namely, acrimarine B, 2-methoxycitpressine I, citpressine I, buntanine, acrimarine E, honyumine and acrimarine C, and one terpenoid, namely, limonin. Among these compounds, clausarin, 2-methoxycitpressine I and acrimarine E inhibited P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux in K562/R7 human leukemic cells over-expressing P-glycoprotein

European Union's public fishing access agreements in developing countries

The imperative to increase seafood supply while dealing with its overfished local stocks has pushed the European Union (EU) and its Member States to fish in the Exclusive Economic Zones of other countries through various types of fishing agreements for decades. Although European public fishing agreements are commented on regularly and considered to be transparent, this is the first global and historical study on the fee regime that governs them. We find that the EU has subsidized these agreements at an average of 75% of their cost (financial contribution agreed upon in the agreements), while private European business interests paid the equivalent of 1.5% of the value of the fish that was eventually landed. This raises questions of fisheries benefit-sharing and resource-use equity that the EU has the potential to address during the nearly completed reform of its Common Fisheries Policy

Isoflavones from Ficus nymphaeifolia

A new isoflavone, 5,7-dihydroxy-4\u27-methoxy-3\u27-(2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl)isoflavone was isolated from the stem bark of Ficus nymphaefolia Mill. (Moraceae) together with eight known isoflavones: genistein, erycibenin A, cajanin, 5,7,2\u27-trihydroxy-4\u27-methoxyisoflavone, erythrinin C, alpinumisoflavone, derrone and 3\u27-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)biochanin A. Their structures were established by spectral analysis including 1D and 2D NMR experiments

Hepatitis C virus infection protein network

A proteome-wide mapping of interactions between hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human proteins was performed to provide a comprehensive view of the cellular infection. A total of 314 protein–protein interactions between HCV and human proteins was identified by yeast two-hybrid and 170 by literature mining. Integration of this data set into a reconstructed human interactome showed that cellular proteins interacting with HCV are enriched in highly central and interconnected proteins. A global analysis on the basis of functional annotation highlighted the enrichment of cellular pathways targeted by HCV. A network of proteins associated with frequent clinical disorders of chronically infected patients was constructed by connecting the insulin, Jak/STAT and TGFβ pathways with cellular proteins targeted by HCV. CORE protein appeared as a major perturbator of this network. Focal adhesion was identified as a new function affected by HCV, mainly by NS3 and NS5A proteins