Classes de declividade do terreno e potencial para mecanização no estado do Paraná

The soil slope is one of the most soil geomorphological properties limiting the use of agricultural machinery. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the slope terrain in the state of Paraná and classify them as the potential for mechanization. The area covered by the study comprises all recommended the cultivation of coffee in the State of Paraná area comprising the coordinates of the southern latitudes 22º 51’ 50 “to 24º 76’ 70” west longitude and 49º 55’ 30” to 54º 34’ 20” from Greenwich. In this area, slope maps (clinographic maps) of land were developed through GIS techniques. The analysis of soil slope was elaborated from the slope satellite images acquired by the by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission - SRTM, NASA, with a spatial resolution of 90 m. These images were imported into ArcGIS® 10 and slope soil maps were generated from the tool slope. The mesoregions of the State of Paraná were divided into: Northwest, Central North, Old North, Western Center and West. The soil slope classes were classified according to the potential for mechanization in extremely able (0 to 5 %), very able (5.1 to 10 %), able (10.1 to 15 %), moderately able (15.1 -20 %) and not recommended (> 20 %). Our results showed that the total indicated by the Climatic Zoning of the State of Parana for the cultivation of coffee, 89 % of the land area are not limiting to mechanization by the criterion of soil slope classes. Among of the regions, the Northwest is the one with the greatest potential for mechanization of coffee. On the other hand, the Northern Pioneer mesoregion, which concentrates 37 % of coffee plantations in the State of Paraná, there are 10 % of the area not recommended for mechanization based on slope, which represents an area of 160,000 hectares. Therefore, the low adoption to mechanized in coffee plantations in the State of Paraná is not due limitations imposed by the slope on mechanization.A declividade do solo é uma das principais características geomorfológicas limitantes à utilização de máquinas agrícolas.Objetivou-se, neste estudo,analisar a declividade do terreno no estado do Paraná e classificá-lo quanto a potencialidade à mecanização. A área de abrangência do estudo compreende toda a área recomendada ao cultivo de cafeeiros no estado do Paraná que compreende as coordenadas de latitudes Sul a 22º 51’ 50” a 24º 76’ 70” e de longitudes Oeste 49º 55’ 30” a 54º 34’20” de Greenwich. Nesta área, mapas de declividade (mapas clinográficos) do terreno foram elaborados por meio de técnicas de Geoprocessamento. A análise da declividade do terreno foi elaborada a partir da carta de declividade originada de imagens orbitais adquiridas pela Missão Topográfica de Radar Transportado ― SRTM, da NASA, com uma resolução espacial de 90 m. Essas imagens foram importados para o ArcGIS 10® e os mapas de declividade do solo foram gerados, a partir da ferramenta “slope”. As classes de declividade do solo foram classificadas de acordo com a potencialidade à mecanização em extremamente apta (0 ― 5 %), muito apta (5,1 ― 10 %), apta (10,1 ― 15 %), moderadamente apta (15,1 ― 20 %), e não recomendada (> 20 %). Os resultados permitiram observar que, do total da área de abrangência deste estudo, 89 % dos terrenos não são limitantes à mecanização, pelo critério classes de declividade. Das mesorregiões, a Noroeste é a que apresenta maior potencial à mecanização da cafeicultura. Por outro lado, a Norte Pioneiro, onde se concentra 37 % da cafeicultura do Estado, há 10 % da área não recomendada à mecanização com base nas classes de declividade, o que representa uma área de 160.000 hectares

Classes de declividade do terreno e potencial para mecanização no estado do Paraná

The soil slope is one of the most soil geomorphological properties limiting the use of agricultural machinery. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the slope terrain in the state of Paraná and classify them as the potential for mechanization. The area covered by the study comprises all recommended the cultivation of coffee in the State of Paraná area comprising the coordinates of the southern latitudes 22º 51’ 50 “to 24º 76’ 70” west longitude and 49º 55’ 30” to 54º 34’ 20” from Greenwich. In this area, slope maps (clinographic maps) of land were developed through GIS techniques. The analysis of soil slope was elaborated from the slope satellite images acquired by the by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission - SRTM, NASA, with a spatial resolution of 90 m. These images were imported into ArcGIS® 10 and slope soil maps were generated from the tool slope. The mesoregions of the State of Paraná were divided into: Northwest, Central North, Old North, Western Center and West. The soil slope classes were classified according to the potential for mechanization in extremely able (0 to 5 %), very able (5.1 to 10 %), able (10.1 to 15 %), moderately able (15.1 -20 %) and not recommended (> 20 %). Our results showed that the total indicated by the Climatic Zoning of the State of Parana for the cultivation of coffee, 89 % of the land area are not limiting to mechanization by the criterion of soil slope classes. Among of the regions, the Northwest is the one with the greatest potential for mechanization of coffee. On the other hand, the Northern Pioneer mesoregion, which concentrates 37 % of coffee plantations in the State of Paraná, there are 10 % of the area not recommended for mechanization based on slope, which represents an area of 160,000 hectares. Therefore, the low adoption to mechanized in coffee plantations in the State of Paraná is not due limitations imposed by the slope on mechanization.A declividade do solo é uma das principais características geomorfológicas limitantes à utilização de máquinas agrícolas.Objetivou-se, neste estudo,analisar a declividade do terreno no estado do Paraná e classificá-lo quanto a potencialidade à mecanização. A área de abrangência do estudo compreende toda a área recomendada ao cultivo de cafeeiros no estado do Paraná que compreende as coordenadas de latitudes Sul a 22º 51’ 50” a 24º 76’ 70” e de longitudes Oeste 49º 55’ 30” a 54º 34’20” de Greenwich. Nesta área, mapas de declividade (mapas clinográficos) do terreno foram elaborados por meio de técnicas de Geoprocessamento. A análise da declividade do terreno foi elaborada a partir da carta de declividade originada de imagens orbitais adquiridas pela Missão Topográfica de Radar Transportado ― SRTM, da NASA, com uma resolução espacial de 90 m. Essas imagens foram importados para o ArcGIS 10® e os mapas de declividade do solo foram gerados, a partir da ferramenta “slope”. As classes de declividade do solo foram classificadas de acordo com a potencialidade à mecanização em extremamente apta (0 ― 5 %), muito apta (5,1 ― 10 %), apta (10,1 ― 15 %), moderadamente apta (15,1 ― 20 %), e não recomendada (> 20 %). Os resultados permitiram observar que, do total da área de abrangência deste estudo, 89 % dos terrenos não são limitantes à mecanização, pelo critério classes de declividade. Das mesorregiões, a Noroeste é a que apresenta maior potencial à mecanização da cafeicultura. Por outro lado, a Norte Pioneiro, onde se concentra 37 % da cafeicultura do Estado, há 10 % da área não recomendada à mecanização com base nas classes de declividade, o que representa uma área de 160.000 hectares

Soil Electrochemical and Physical Properties in Coffee Crops in the State of Paraná, Brazil

In aerated soils, pH is considered to control available nutrients to plants. Also, pH is related to soil charges and is a key property expanding double layers of colloids. These electrochemical properties are affected by soil management and are related to soil physical properties like water-dispersible clay, aggregation indexes, and infiltration rate. Water-dispersible colloids are the fraction of clay that disperse in water and are affected by nature of soil including mineralogy of clay fraction, soil management in terms of crop sequence, application of organic manures, field traffic, and mechanical stress by time of shaking for the analysis. Traffic of machines, soil tillage, and weed control methods are the main causes of change in soil physical properties in coffee crop. However, management of soil acidity with limestone and use of gypsum also can change soil physical and electrochemical properties, which are related with dynamic processes like soil air and hydraulic permeability into soil which are essential to root development and growth. Therefore, soil management in coffee crops requires comprehension of the effects of changes in soils caused by addition of amendments like limestone and gypsum, traffic of machines, and weed control methods on behavior of soil properties for better management

Cartografia e diplomacia: usos geopolíticos da informação toponímica (1750-1850)

O artigo explora dimensões geopolíticas da toponímia, registradas em documentos cartográficos, desde as reformas empreendidas pelo consulado pombalino em meados do século XVIII, até às primeiras décadas do século XIX, em meio ao processo de afirmação do Estado imperial pós-colonial.This paper explores the geopolitical dimensions of toponymy as registered in cartographic documents dating from the reforms pushed through by the consulate of Marquis of Pombal in the mid 18th century to the early decades of the 19th century, as the post-colonial imperial State established itself

Guidelines for the management of neuroendocrine tumours by the Brazilian gastrointestinal tumour group

Neuroendocrine tumours are a heterogeneous group of diseases with a significant variety of diagnostic tests and treatment modalities. Guidelines were developed by North American and European groups to recommend their best management. However, local particularities and relativisms found worldwide led us to create Brazilian guidelines. Our consensus considered the best feasible strategies in an environment involving more limited resources. We believe that our recommendations may be extended to other countries with similar economic standards.Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Canc Estado Sao Paulo, BR-01246000 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Radiol & Oncol, BR-01246903 Sao Paulo, BrazilHosp Sirio Libanes, BR-01308050 Sao Paulo, BrazilHosp Moinhos de Vento Porto Alegre, BR-90035000 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilOncoctr, BR-30360680 Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Cirurgia, BR-90040060 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Clin Porto Alegre, BR-90035903 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Ceara, Fac Med, Dept Fisiol & Farmacol, BR-60020180 Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilHosp Univ Walter Cantidio, BR-60430370 Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilInst Nacl Canc, BR-20230240 Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Disciplina Endocrinol & Metabol, BR-01246903 Sao Paulo, BrazilAC Camargo Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, BR-01509010 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Gastroenterol, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Ciencias Saude Porto Alegre, BR-90050170 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Albert Einstein, BR-05652900 Sao Paulo, BrazilHosp Base, Fac Med Sao Jose do Rio Preto, BR-15090000 Sao Paulo, BrazilSanta Casa Sao Jose do Rio Preto, BR-15025500 Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, BrazilPontificia Univ Catolica Parana, Hosp Erasto Gaertner, BR-81520060 Curitiba, Parana, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Norte, BR-59300000 Natal, RN, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Inst Coracao, BR-05403900 Sao Paulo, BrazilAC Camargo Canc Ctr, Med Oncol, BR-01509010 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Disciplina Gastroenterol, BR-04021001 Sao Paulo, BrazilHosp Sao Rafael, BR-41253190 Salvador, BA, BrazilHosp Canc Barretos, Dept Cirurgia Aparelho Digest Alto & Hepatobiliop, BR-14784400 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Patol, BR-01246903 Sao Paulo, BrazilClin AMO, BR-1950640 Salvador, BA, BrazilHosp Sao Jose, BR-01323001 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Nove de Julho, BR-02111030 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Disciplina Gastroenterol, BR-04021001 Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc