Learning to Reason: Leveraging Neural Networks for Approximate DNF Counting

Weighted model counting (WMC) has emerged as a prevalent approach for probabilistic inference. In its most general form, WMC is #P-hard. Weighted DNF counting (weighted #DNF) is a special case, where approximations with probabilistic guarantees are obtained in O(nm), where n denotes the number of variables, and m the number of clauses of the input DNF, but this is not scalable in practice. In this paper, we propose a neural model counting approach for weighted #DNF that combines approximate model counting with deep learning, and accurately approximates model counts in linear time when width is bounded. We conduct experiments to validate our method, and show that our model learns and generalizes very well to large-scale #DNF instances.Comment: To appear in Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-20). Code and data available at: https://github.com/ralphabb/NeuralDNF

Frequency and characteristics of tooth agenesis among an orthodontic patient population

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of tooth agenesis and the associated skeletal morphology and arch widths in a group of Turkish patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Material and Methods: We designed a retrospective study composed of pre- and post-treatment panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalometric films of 3,341 patients (2,040 females and 1,301 males). Tooth agenesis was evaluated for hypodontia and oligodontia -excluding the third molars- from the orthopantomograms. The significance test for the differences in the skeletal morphology between hypodontia and non-hypodontia patients was performed using the Pearson chi-square and Student t-test. Results: The prevalence of tooth agenesis was 4.6 percent for the Turkish orthodontic patient population. Tooth agenesis was found more frequently in females than in males, although this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The most commonly missing teeth were the maxillary lateral incisors, followed by the mandibular second premolars and mandibular central incisors. Intercanine and intermolar widths in the maxillary and mandibular arches were significantly reduced in the hypodontia group compared with the control group (p0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of tooth agenesis was found to be 4.6 percent for the Turkish orthodontic patient population (hypodontia 4.3% and oligodontia 0.3%), and was found more frequently in females. Intercanine and intermolar widths were significantly reduced in the hypodontia group for both jaws compared with the control grou

Pseudoperikarditis krave uzrokovan tajleriozom.

Pseudopericarditis has been used to describe jugular engorgement and oedema of the brisket and ventral abdominal wall. Similar symptoms can be seen in cattle with traumatic pericarditis. Pressure caused by tumours, abscesses, Echinococcus cysts, swollen lymph nodes resulting from tuberculosis and leukosis, one-sided pleuritis and diaphragmatic hernia to the base of cranial and caudal vena cava returning blood to the heart have been reported to cause pseudopericarditis in cattle. These mediastinal lymph nodes may also be swollen due to theileriosis and cause pressure on the v. cava. This study aims to describe the clinical, haematological and electrocardiographical findings of a pseudopericarditis case in a cow caused by theileriosis, and to add the disease into the aetiology of pseudopericarditis.Opisan je pseudoperikarditis kod zastoja u jugularnoj veni te edema prsišta i ventralne abdominalne stijenke. Slični simptomi mogu se zabilježiti u goveda kod traumatskog perikarditisa. Pritisak uzrokovan tumorima, apscesima, hidatidnim cistama, povećanim limfnim čvorovima kod tuberkuloze i leukoze, jednostranim pleuritisom te dijafragmatskom hernijom prema bazi kranijalne i kaudalne šuplje vene već su opisani kod pseudoperikarditisa u goveda. Medijastinalni limfni čvorovi mogu biti povećani i kod tajlerioze te pritisnuti šuplju venu. Opisani su klinički, hematološki i elektrokardiografski nalazi kod pseudoperikarditisa u krave uzrokovanog tajleriozom čime je povećan niz uzroka koji dovode do navedene bolesti

Query Answering in Probabilistic Data and Knowledge Bases

Probabilistic data and knowledge bases are becoming increasingly important in academia and industry. They are continuously extended with new data, powered by modern information extraction tools that associate probabilities with knowledge base facts. The state of the art to store and process such data is founded on probabilistic database systems, which are widely and successfully employed. Beyond all the success stories, however, such systems still lack the fundamental machinery to convey some of the valuable knowledge hidden in them to the end user, which limits their potential applications in practice. In particular, in their classical form, such systems are typically based on strong, unrealistic limitations, such as the closed-world assumption, the closed-domain assumption, the tuple-independence assumption, and the lack of commonsense knowledge. These limitations do not only lead to unwanted consequences, but also put such systems on weak footing in important tasks, querying answering being a very central one. In this thesis, we enhance probabilistic data and knowledge bases with more realistic data models, thereby allowing for better means for querying them. Building on the long endeavor of unifying logic and probability, we develop different rigorous semantics for probabilistic data and knowledge bases, analyze their computational properties and identify sources of (in)tractability and design practical scalable query answering algorithms whenever possible. To achieve this, the current work brings together some recent paradigms from logics, probabilistic inference, and database theory

Determining the effects of aging on halloysite nano-tube modified binders through the pull-off test method

Aging changes the chemistry of bitumen and this adversely affects bitumen’s adhesion with aggregate. For this reason, the use of pull-off test was proposed to evaluate bitumen’s adhesion during different aging stages. In this study, the pull-off test method is used to evaluate the effects of aging on a 60/70 penetration grade bitumen and binders modified with 2 and 4% halloysite nano-tube (HNT). The short-term aging (STA) and long-term aging (LTA) of unmodified and modified bitumens were simulated using the rolling thin film oven (RTFO) and pressure aging vessel (PAV) tests respectively. The pull-off test was conducted using the universal testing machine (UTM). Stainless steel and granite substrates moulds were designed and fabricated for this purpose. Dry and wet conditions were simulated to evaluate the loss of bonding strength due to aging. Additionally, consistency tests, namely penetration test, softening point test, and viscosity test, were conducted on all binders. The activation energy (AE) for unaged and aged binders were also evaluated. The results for the consistency test; the pull-off test for stainless steel substrate; and the values for AE showed that the addition of the HNT decreased the effect of aging, which means that modified binders showed decreased temperature susceptibility and this is reflected in improved aging resistance. The result of the pull-off test on granite substrate showed that binders modified with HNT performed better under dry and wet conditions. It can be concluded that HNT is an anti-aging as well as anti-striping agent

The Dichotomy of Evaluating Homomorphism-Closed Queries on Probabilistic Graphs

We study the problem of probabilistic query evaluation on probabilistic graphs, namely, tuple-independent probabilistic databases on signatures of arity two. Our focus is the class of queries that is closed under homomorphisms, or equivalently, the infinite unions of conjunctive queries. Our main result states that all unbounded queries from this class are #P-hard for probabilistic query evaluation. As bounded queries from this class are equivalent to a union of conjunctive queries, they are already classified by the dichotomy of Dalvi and Suciu (2012). Hence, our result and theirs imply a complete data complexity dichotomy, between polynomial time and #P-hardness, for evaluating infinite unions of conjunctive queries over probabilistic graphs. This dichotomy covers in particular all fragments of infinite unions of conjunctive queries such as negation-free (disjunctive) Datalog, regular path queries, and a large class of ontology-mediated queries on arity-two signatures. Our result is shown by reducing from counting the valuations of positive partitioned 2-DNF formulae for some queries, or from the source-to-target reliability problem in an undirected graph for other queries, depending on properties of minimal models. The presented dichotomy result applies to even a special case of probabilistic query evaluation called generalized model counting, where fact probabilities must be 0, 0.5, or 1.Comment: 30 pages. Journal version of the ICDT'20 paper https://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2020/11939/. Submitted to LMCS. The previous version (version 2) was the same as the ICDT'20 paper with some minor formatting tweaks and 7 extra pages of technical appendi

Toz püskürtme yöntemi ile boru iç yüzey kaplamanın incelenmesi

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Bu çalışmada, püskürtme mesafesi ve hava basıncının kaplama kalitesine etkisiniaraştırmak amacıyla 4?, 6? ve 10? ASTM A106 GRADE A Dikişsiz Karbon Çelikboruların iç yüzeyleri toz alev püskürtme yöntemiyle kaplanmıştır. KaplamadaXuper Ultrabond 51000 astar tozu ve Xuper Frixtec 19850 kaplama tozukullanılmıştır.Deneysel çalışmalarda, püskürtme mesafesi ve hava basıncı değişken kaplamaparametreleri olarak kullanılmıştır. Püskürtme mesafesi olarak 50mm, 100mm ve150 mm, hava basıncı olarak 0 bar, 0,5 bar, 1 bar ve 2 bar değerleri kullanılmıştır.Deneylerden elde edilen numunelerin ara yüzeyleri, mikro sertlikleri, yüzeypürüzlülükleri ve bağlanma mukavemetleri incelenerek değişken parametrelerinbunlara olan etkileri tespit edilmiştir.Deneysel sonuçlar, yakın püskürtme mesafelerinde porozitenin arttığını fakat havabasıncının düşürülmesi ile porozitede bir miktar azalma olduğunu, uzak püskürtmemesafelerinde ise hava basıncının çok düşürülmesinin erimemiş partiküllere sebepolduğunu göstermiştir. 50 mm püskürtme mesafesi için 0.5 bar, 100 mm ve 150 mmpüskürtme mesafesi için 1 bar hava basıncı bağ mukavemeti açısından en iyi değerolarak bulunmuştur.In this study, the effects of spray distance and air pressure on coating quality in 4?,6? and 10? ASTM A106 GRADE A seamless carbon steel pipes were investigated.Coating done by Flame Spray Process with Xuper Ultrabond 51000 bonding powderand Xuper Frixtec 19850 coating powder.Spray distance and air pressure were chosen as variable parameters. Spray distanceswere chosen as 50 mm, 100 mm and 150 mm and air pressures were chosen as 0 bar,0,5 bar, 1 bar and 2 bar. The interval surface images , micro hardness measurements,surface roughness and bonding strengths of experiment samples were investigated tosee how they were effected by these parameters.As a result of this study it was obvious that decreasing spray distance increased theporous area in the coating layer. When you spray from low distance, using low airpressure helps to decrease the porous area. Using low air pressure with far spraydistance causes unmelted particles. For 50 mm spray distance 0.5 bar air pressure, for100 mm and 150 mm spray distance 1 bar air pressure are the optimum pressures forbest coating bond strength