Structure of the Directors Board of Companies Listed on Turkey'S Bist 100 Index

DergiPark: 326034trakyasobedThe boards of directors are vitally important for the corporations because they act as the centre for strategic decision making. The success and sustainability of companies depend on their ability to make accurate decisions. Therefore, the constitution of a suitable Board compatible with Company characteristics is a very important issue. However, it is necessary to know which factors need to be taken into account regarding the formation of boards. In this paper, it was tried to reveal the variables that would affect the number of Board members. The survey was conducted with data collected as of 31.12.2013, on 100 public listed companies which were part of the BIST 100 INDEX. The dependent variable was determined as the board size (number of members). 6 factors which are considered to affect to the board size including company age, presence of foreign shareholders, number of subsidiaries, presence of corporate governance rating, total asset size and net sales are taken into account as independent variables. The multiple- linear regression model which was formed with these variables was found to be statistically significant. The adjusted R-square coefficient which was obtained from the results of the analysis is 0.35.This result indicates that the effect of 6 independent variables’ on the number of members is 35%, whilst the remaining 65% is due to the effect of factors not included in the model. The statistical significance effect of total asset and net sales, which determine companies’ scale, on the number of members is consistent with the result of similar studies on this subjectAnonim şirketlerde yönetim kurulları, stratejik karar mercii olduklarından dolayı hayati önem taşırlar. Şirketin başarısı ve sürekliliği bu kurulların verdikleri kararların isabetli olmasına bağlı olduğu düşünülür. Bu nedenle şirket özelliklerine uygun bir yönetim kurulunun oluşturulması önem arz eden bir konudur. Ancak yönetim kurulu oluşturulurken hangi faktörlerin dikkate alınması gerektiği üzerinde yoğun tartışmalar sürmektedir. Bu çalışmada da yönetim kurullarının üye sayısını etkileyen değişkenlerin neler olduğu ortaya çıkartılmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırma Borsa İstanbul Endeks 100’e dâhil olan 100 halka açık şirketin yönetim kurulları üzerinde, 31.12.2013 tarihi itibarıyla toplanan verilerle yürütülmüştür. Bağımlı değişken olarak yönetim kurulu büyüklüğü (üye sayısı) belirlenmiştir. Üye sayısını etkileyebileceği düşünülen şirket yaşı, iştirak sayısı, yabancı ortağı bulunması, derecelendirme notunun olması, toplam aktifler ve net satışlar olmak üzere 6 adet faktör ise bağımsız değişken olarak dikkate alınmıştır. Bu değişkenler ile oluşturulan çoklu doğrusal regresyon modeli istatistiki olarak anlamlı çıkmıştır. Anılan bağımsız değişkenler üye sayısı üzerinde bir bütün olarak etkilidir. Analiz sonucu elde edilen düzeltilmiş R-Kare katsayısı ise 0.35 seviyesindedir. Bu sonuç, araştırma kapsamındaki 100 şirketin yönetim kurullarındaki üye sayısı üzerinde modeldeki 6 bağımsız değişkenin 35% oranında etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Geri kalan 65%’lik etki araştırmaya dâhil edilmeyen faktörlerden kaynaklanmaktadır. Özellikle şirket ölçeğini belirlemede kullanılan toplam aktiflerin ve net satışların yönetim kurulu büyüklüğünü anlamlı bir şekilde etkilemesi, bu konuda yapılan benzer çalışmaların sonuçlarıyla uyumludu

Cervical mucus test for pregnancy diagnosis in Akkaraman ewes and Angora goats

Bu çalışmanın amacı, koyun ve keçilerde gebelik tanı yöntemi olarak kullanılan servikal mukus kaynatma testinin saha koşullarında uygulanabilirliği ve doğruluk oranının araştırılmasıdır. Çalışmada 50 baş Akkaraman ırkı koyun ve 50 baş Ankara keçisi materyal olarak kullanıldı. Servikal mukus testi ile koyunlarda % 80 doğruluk oranı, %73.3 sensitivite, % 82.9 spesivite, % 64.7 pozitif tanımlama oranı ve % 87.9 negatif tanımlama oranı elde edildi. Keçilerde ise bu oranlar sırasıyla % 70, % 60, % 72.5, % 35.3 ve % 87.9 olarak bulundu. Ayrıca korpus luteum büyüklüğü ve progesteron değerleri arasındaki korelasyon araştırıldı. Gebe ve gebe olmayan tüm hayvanlar içinde sadece gebe olmayan koyunlarda korelasyonun önemli olduğu (r=0.58; p<0.05) tespit edildi. Bunlara ilaveten yapılan vaginal sitoloji değerlendirmesinde gebe ve gebe olmayan hayvanlar arasında hücre kompozisyonu bakımından ayırıcı bir farklılığın olmadığı saptandı. Sonuç olarak, koyun ve keçilerde yapılan bu çalışmada servikal mukus kaynatma testiyle koyunlarda gebeliğin tanısında keçilere göre daha yüksek oranlar elde edilebileceği ve bu yöntemin saha koşullarında uygulanabileceği kanısına varıldı.The aim of this study was to investigate practicability of cervical mucus test, which is used for diagnosis of pregnancy, in field conditions and accuracy rate in ewes and goats. This study was performed in 50 Akkaraman ewes and 50 Angora goats. In ewes, % 80 accuracy rate, % 73.3 sensitivity, % 82.9 specificity, % 64.7 predictive value of positive and % 87.9 predictive value of negative were found with cervical mucus test and these rates were % 70, % 60, % 72.5, % 35.3 and % 87.9 respectively in goats. In addition, correlation was investigated between the size of corpus luteum and progesterone levels. Correlation was found important only in non-pregnant ewes of all pregnant and non-pregnant animals (r=0.58; p&lt;0.05). Besides, an important difference was not determined between composition of cells in vaginal cytologic evaluation in pregnant and non-pregnant animals. As a result, cervical mucus test can be used in field conditions and the accuracy rates in ewes are higher than goats

A Very Rare Presentation of Multiple Myeloma: Unilateral Raccoon Eye

Multiple myeloma (MM), the second most common hematological malignancy, is caused by the accumulation of monoclonal plasma cells in bone marrow. It accounts for 10–15% of deaths from hematological malignancies and approximately 2% of deaths from cancer. The median age at presentation is 70 years old. The diagnosis is incidental in 30% of cases. MM is often discovered through routine blood screening with a large gap between the total protein and the albumin levels.Two thirds of patients complain of bone pain, especially lower back pain. MM could be diagnosed after a pathologic fracture occurs in one third of patients. Presentation with symptoms related to hyperviscosity, hypercalcemia and bleeding tendency could also be observed. A rare presentation of MM is peri-orbital ecchymotic lesion (raccoon eye). Here, we report a 64 years old, male patient presented with unilateral raccoon eye and high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) to internal medicine outpatient. The patient was referred to hematology outpatient and was diagnosed with multiple myeloma

Intra-pulse variability induced by plasmoid formation in pulsar magnetospheres

International audienceContext. Pulsars show irregularities in their pulsed radio emission that originate from propagation effects and the intrinsic activity of the source.Aims. In this work, we investigate the role played by magnetic reconnection and the formation of plasmoids in the pulsar wind current sheet as a possible source of intrinsic pulse-to-pulse variability in the incoherent, high-energy emission pattern.Methods. We used a two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation of an orthogonal pulsar magnetosphere restricted to the plane perpendicular to the star spin axis. We evolved the solution for several tens of pulsar periods to gather a statistically significant sample of synthetic pulse profiles.Results. The formation of plasmoids leads to strong pulse-to-pulse variability in the form of multiple short, bright subpulses, which appear only on the leading edge of each main pulse. These secondary peaks of emission are dominated by the dozen plasmoids that can grow up to macroscopic scales. They emerge from the high end of the hierarchical merging process occurring along the wind current layer. The flux of the subpulses is correlated with their width in phase. Although the full-scale separation is not realistic, we argue that the simulation correctly captures the demographics and the properties of the largest plasmoids, and therefore of the brightest subpulses.Conclusions. The prediction of subpulses at specific pulse phases provides a new observational test of the magnetic reconnection scenario as the origin of the pulsed incoherent emission. High-time-resolution observations of the Crab pulsar in the optical range may be the most promising source to target for this purpose.Key words: pulsars: general / acceleration of particles / magnetic reconnection / radiation mechanisms: non-thermal / methods: numerica

The effects of topical iodine containing antiseptics on thyroidal status of preterm versus term babies

WOS: 000269349300008PubMed ID: 19526160Objectives: To determine the effect of iodine containing antiseptics on thyroid function for the first 3 weeks in non-very-low-birth weight preterm and term babies, and to evaluate their thyroid function and behavioral status 7 years later. Methods: Cohort I (between the years 1997-1998) was studied in 57 preterm (30-35 weeks) and 29 term newborns, 7 years later cohort 11 (in the year 2005) was created from same 28 preterm and 18 term infants at Behcet Uz Children's Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. Serum thyrotropin, triiodothyronine, total and free thyroxine were measured on the first, seventh, and twenty-first days (cohort 1), and at the age of 7 (cohort 11). In respect of used antiseptics, the patients were divided into 2 groups. The evaluation of patients was performed according to the Turgay Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Psychiatric Disorders, 4th edition based child and adolescent behavior disorders screening and rating scale. Results: On the seventh day of life, iodine-exposed newborns had significantly higher mean thyrotropin levels and lower free thyroxine, total thyroxine, and triiodothyronine levels. On the twenty-first day, thyrotropin levels of iodine-exposed newborns were similar to controls. The cohort II results showed normal thyroid function in all patents with increased hyperactivity among children born prematurely, and particularly experienced exposure to iodine. Conclusion: Iodine excess may cause transient hypothyroxinemia in preterm babies (>30 weeks gestational age, >1.5 kg) and this may be one of the reasons for behavior problems observed later in these children