329 research outputs found
Isolation and characterization of oxidizedoligogalacturonides: meccanism of dampening of damps
Oligogalacturonides (OGs) released upon partial degradation of homogalacturonan, are a
well-known class of Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs). Besides inducing immunity,
OGs negatively affect plant growth by antagonizing auxin responses.
Because the recognition of DAMPs poses the intrinsic risk of activating an exaggerated
response that may impair plant survival, dampening mechanisms of DAMPs should exist.
Transgenic Arabidopsis plants (OGM plants) expressing a chimeric protein called "OGmachine"
accumulate oligogalacturonides (OGs) in their tissues and exhibit enhanced resistance to
a variety of pathogens; however the growth of these plants is severely impaired. The prolonged
release of OGs triggers defense responses that in the long term are deleterious for the plant.
We used the OGM plants as a tool to investigate a possible regulatory mechanism by
searching for elicitor-inactive OGs that may derive from elicitor-active OGs through an enzymatic
modification.
By analyzing the OGs produced in the transgenic plants, modified OGs were isolated. The
nature of the modification was investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and
resulted to be the oxidation to galactaric acid of the residue at the reducing end of OGs (oxOGs).
OxOGs were tested for their ability to induce defense responses and antagonize auxin responses. In
all experiments, they were inactive as compared to the corresponding typical OGs.
We succeeded to isolate and characterize one of the enzymes that causes the inactivation of
OGs: it is a FAD binding oxidase, that we named OGOX1, capable of producing elicitor-inactive
oxidized OGs and H2O2
Cognitive conflicts in major depression : Between desired change and personal coherence
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposesThe notion of intrapsychic conflict has been present in psychopathology for more than a century within different theoretical orientations. However, internal conflicts have not received enough empirical attention, nor has their importance in depression been fully elaborated. This study is based on the notion of cognitive conflict, understood as implicative dilemma (ID), and on a new way of identifying these conflicts by means of the Repertory Grid Technique. Our aim was to explore the relevance of cognitive conflicts among depressive patientsPeer reviewedFinal Published versio
Air quality and urban sustainable development: the application of machine learning tools
[EN] Air quality has an efect on a populationÂżs quality of life. As a dimension of sustainable urban development, governments have been concerned about this indicator. This is refected in the references consulted that have demonstrated progress in forecasting pollution events to issue early warnings using conventional tools which, as a result of the new era of big data, are becoming obsolete. There are a limited number of studies with applications of machine learning tools to characterize and forecast behavior of the environmental, social and economic dimensions of sustainable development as they pertain to air quality. This article presents an analysis of studies that developed machine learning models to forecast sustainable development and air quality. Additionally, this paper sets out to present research that studied the relationship between air quality and urban sustainable development to identify the reliability and possible applications in diferent urban contexts of these machine learning tools. To that end, a systematic review was carried out, revealing that machine learning tools have been primarily used for clustering and classifying variables and indicators according to the problem analyzed, while tools such as artifcial neural networks and support vector machines are the most widely used to predict diferent types of events. The nonlinear nature and synergy of the dimensions of sustainable development are of great interest for the application of machine learning tools.Molina-GĂłmez, NI.; DĂaz-ArĂ©valo, JL.; LĂłpez JimĂ©nez, PA. (2021). Air quality and urban sustainable development: the application of machine learning tools. 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Making a Step Forward Towards Urban Resilience. The Contribution of Digital Innovation
Starting from 'wicked problem' theory as the landmark for framing disaster events in terms of policy issue for city governments, this paper highlights the contribution provided by Big Data analytics and digital innovation in dealing with disaster risks. The research aims at answering the following question: what is the role that 'smart technologies' play in strengthening urban resilience to disaster risks
Mental fortitude training: An evidence-based approach to developing psychological resilience for sustained success
Drawing on the body of knowledge in this area, this article presents an evidence-based approach to developing psychological resilience for sustained success. To this end, the narrative is divided into three main sections. The first section describes the construct of psychological resilience and explains what it is. The second section outlines and discusses a mental fortitude trainingâą program for aspiring performers. The third section provides recommendations for practitioners implementing this program. It is hoped that this article will facilitate a holistic and systematic approach to developing resilience for sustained success
Physiciansâ misperceived cardiovascular risk and therapeutic inertia as determinants of low LDL-cholesterol targets achievement in diabetes
Background: Greater efforts are needed to overcome the worldwide reported low achievement of LDL-c targets. This survey aimed to dissect whether and how the physician-based evaluation of patients with diabetes is associated with the achievement of LDL-c targets. Methods: This cross-sectional self-reported survey interviewed physicians working in 67 outpatient services in Italy, collecting records on 2844 patients with diabetes. Each physician reported a median of 47 records (IQR 42â49) and, for each of them, the physician specified its perceived cardiovascular risk, LDL-c targets, and the suggested refinement in lipid-lowering-treatment (LLT). These physician-based evaluations were then compared to recommendations from EAS/EASD guidelines. Results: Collected records were mostly from patients with type 2 diabetes (94%), at very-high (72%) or high-cardiovascular risk (27%). Physician-based assessments of cardiovascular risk and of LDL-c targets, as compared to guidelines recommendation, were misclassified in 34.7% of the records. The misperceived assessment was significantly higher among females and those on primary prevention and was associated with 67% lower odds of achieving guidelines-recommended LDL-c targets (OR 0.33, p < 0.0001). Peripheral artery disease, target organ damage and LLT-initiated by primary-care-physicians were all factors associated with therapeutic-inertia (i.e., lower than expected probability of receiving high-intensity LLT). Physician-suggested LLT refinement was inadequate in 24% of overall records and increased to 38% among subjects on primary prevention and with misclassified cardiovascular risk. Conclusions: This survey highlights the need to improve the physiciansâ misperceived cardiovascular risk and therapeutic inertia in patients with diabetes to successfully implement guidelines recommendations into everyday clinical practice
Combination of Pretreatment with White Rot Fungi and Modification of Primary and Secondary Cell Walls Improves Saccharification
ContribuiçÔes da natureza para a qualidade de vida.
O capĂtulo avalia a contribuição da natureza para a qualidade de vida das pessoas, incluindo a inter-relação entre a biodiversidade, o funcionamento de ecossistemas e os serviços ecossistĂȘmicos. AlĂ©m da situação atual, trabalha com a dinĂąmica e as tendĂȘncias futuras dos serviços ecossistĂȘmicos essenciais para o bem-estar humano (como saĂșde, segurança alimentar, segurança hĂdrica, segurança energĂ©tica). O texto aborda tambĂ©m a contribuição do conhecimento e das prĂĄticas de populaçÔes indĂgenas e tradicionais para a conservação da biodiversidade, para a diversificação de espĂ©cies (gerando novas espĂ©cies), bem como para a distribuição de espĂ©cies e formação de paisagens nos diversos biomas
Developing "personality" taxonomies: Metatheoretical and methodological rationales underlying selection approaches, methods of data generation and reduction principles
Taxonomic "personality" models are widely used in research and applied fields. This article applies the Transdisciplinary Philosophy-of-Science Paradigm for Research on Individuals (TPS-Paradigm) to scrutinise the three methodological steps that are required for developing comprehensive âpersonalityâ taxonomies: 1) the approaches used to select the phenomena and events to be studied, 2) the methods used to generate data about the selected phenomena and events and 3) the reduction principles used to extract the âmost importantâ individual-specific variations for constructing âpersonalityâ taxonomies. Analyses of some currently popular taxonomies reveal frequent mismatches between the researchersâ explicit and implicit metatheories about âpersonalityâ and the abilities of previous methodologies to capture the particular kinds of phenomena toward which they are targeted. Serious deficiencies that preclude scientific quantifications are identified in standardised questionnaires, psychologyâs established standard method of investigation. These mismatches and deficiencies derive from the lack of an explicit formulation and critical reflection on the philosophical and metatheoretical assumptions being made by scientists and from the established practice of radically matching the methodological tools to researchersâ preconceived ideas and to pre-existing statistical theories rather than to the particular phenomena and individuals under study. These findings raise serious doubts about the ability of previous taxonomies to appropriately and comprehensively reflect the phenomena towards which they are targeted and the structures of individual-specificity occurring in them. The article elaborates and illustrates with empirical examples methodological principles that allow researchers to appropriately meet the metatheoretical requirements and that are suitable for comprehensively exploring individualsâ âpersonalityâ
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