Efecto de la vitamina e en la alimentación del pavo en la acumulación tisular y estabilidad oxidativa.

El presente trabajo pretende evaluar la efectividad de las formas naturales de vitamina E en la acumulación tisular de tocoferol, así como en la estabilidad oxidativa in vivo y postmortem. El único factor de diferenciación fue el tipo de vitamina E (natural vs sintética) y concentración (Baja: 40 ppm y alta: 120 ppm) en el pienso. Adicionalmente se produjo un grupo control sin vitamina E añadida en el pienso. Se ha observado una relación dosisrespuesta lineal en la concentración de tocoferol en el plasma de los pavos, así como una tendencia (P=0.139) hacia una mayor concentración en los animales que recibieron la vitamina E en forma natural.. Existe una relación entre la concentración de tocoferol y de Metamioglobina en el músculo en el día 9 de almacenamiento refrigerado, evidenciándose una mayor efectividad de la forma natural. Se ha observado una menor concentración de ácidos grasos saturados en el grupo control y el de bajo nivel de suplementación. Asimismo, existe una tendencia hacia una menor concentración d estos ácidos grasos en los animales que reciben la forma natural de vitamina E (P=0,0658)

Digestibilidad in vitro del alperujo de la comunidad valenciana en ganado vacuno: resultados preliminares

El alperujo es un subproducto reciente en las almazaras tradicionales, por la transformación de los procesos de molturación de 3 fases (aceite, alpechín y orujo) a sistemas de 2 fases (aceite y alperujo), debido a la nueva regulación medioambiental. Presenta una humedad del 65% y hasta un 15% (en materia seca, MS) de aceite. A día de hoy, se producen alrededor de 80.000 toneladas anuales en la Comunidad Valenciana, que son retiradas por orujeras. Su uso directo en la alimentación de la ganadería cercana a la zona de producción es una vía alternativa de aprovechamiento que, además, potencia la economía circular local. El objetivo del trabajo es determinar la digestibilidad in vitro de la MS (DIVMS) del alperujo para ganado bovino. Este trabajo se enmarca en un Proyecto mayor cuyo objetivo es desarrollar un modelo de gestión y aprovechamiento del alperujo en el norte de la Comunidad Valenciana para alimentación de ganado vacuno extensivo

Dietary Fibre in Pig's Diets: Effects on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Slurry Storage to Field Application

Pig’s slurry is a key source of greenhouse gases (GHG). In Spain, GHG emissions (CH4+ N2O) from pig slurry (storage and land application) accounted in 2011 for 18.4% of total GHG emissions (in CO2- equivalent) of the agriculture sector according to the National Inventory Report (NIR). Slurry composition can be modified through diet manipulation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different fibre types in fattening pigs’ diets on GHG emissions from pig slurry storage and field application

Composition, potential emissions and agricultural value of pig slurry from Spanish commercial farms

[EN] Pig slurry is a valuable fertilizer for crop production but at the same time its management may pose environmental risks. Slurry samples were collected from 77 commercial farms of four animal categories (gestating and lactating sows, nursery piglets and growing pigs) and analyzed for macronutrients, micronutrients, heavy metals and volatile fatty acids. Emissions of ammonia (NH3) and biochemical methane potential (BMP) were quantified. Slurry electrical conductivity, pH, dry matter content and ash content were also determined. Data analysis included an analysis of correlations among variables, the development of predictionmodels for gaseousemissions and the analysis of nutritional content of slurries for crop production. Descriptive information is provided in this work and shows a wide range of variability in all studied variables. Animal category affected some physicochemical parameters, probably as a consequence of different slurry management and use of cleaning water. Slurries from gestating sows and growing pigs tended to be more concentrated in nutrients, whereas the slurry from lactating sows and nursery piglets tended to be more diluted. Relevant relationships were found among slurry characteristics expressed in fresh basis and gas emissions. Predictivemodels using on-farmmeasurable parameterswere obtained forNH3 (R2 = 0.51) andCH4 (R2 = 0.76), which suggests that BMP may be estimated in commercial farms from easily determined slurry characteristics. Finally, slurry nutrient composition was highly variable. Therefore, complete analyses of slurries should be performed for an effective and environmental friendly land application.This project was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (AGL2011-30023) and the Valencian Government (ACOMP/2013/118). We thank the BABEL Project, Building Academic Bonds between Europe and Latin America. Erasmus Mundus Programme Action 2 for PhD fellowships. The translation of this paper was funded by the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain.Antezana-Julian, WO.; Blas, CD.; García-Rebollar, P.; Rodríguez, C.; Beccaccia, A.; Ferrer Riera, P.; Cerisuelo, A.... (2016). Composition, potential emissions and agricultural value of pig slurry from Spanish commercial farms. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. 104(2):159-173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-016-9764-3S1591731042Aarnink AJA, Verstegen MWA (2007) Nutrition, key factor to reduce environmental load from pig production. Livest Sci 109(1–3):194–203Abubaker J, Risberg K, Jönsson E, Dahlin A S, Cederlund H, Pell M (2015) Short-term effects of biogas digestates and pig slurry application on soil microbial activity. Appl Environ Soil Sci. Article ID 658542: 1–15Adekunle KF, Okolie JA (2015) A review of biochemical process of anaerobic digestion. 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The impact of a specific blend of essential oil components and sodium butyrate in feed on growth performance and Salmonella counts in experimentally challenged broilers

Essential oils (EO) and short-chain fatty acids have potential antimicrobial activity in broilers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a specific blend of EO and a combination of this blend of EO with sodium-butyrate on growth performance and Salmonella colonization in broilers. A total of 480 one-day-old male broilers were distributed into 5 treatments (8 pens per treatment and 12 birds per pen) and reared during 42 d in experimental conditions. Dietary treatments consisted of the addition of different doses of EO (0 mg/kg, control; 50 mg/kg, EO50 and 100 mg/kg, EO100) or a combination of EO with 1 g/kg of sodium- butyrate (B; EO50 + B, EOB50 and EO100 + B, EOB100) to a basal diet. All birds were orally infected with 10(8) cfu of Salmonella Enteritidis on d 7 of study. Individual BW and feed intake per pen were measured at arrival and on a weekly basis. The prevalence and enumeration of Salmonella in feces was determined per treatment at 72 h postinfection and on d 23 and 37 of study. At slaughter, cecal content and liver samples from 16 birds per treatment were cultured for Salmonella and cecal pH was measured. No differences were observed on growth performance among treatments. All fecal samples analyzed were positive for Salmonella from d 10 to the end of the rearing period. At slaughter, Salmonella contamination (positive samples) in cecum was lower in birds fed EOB50 compared with the other treatments (P < 0.05), whereas birds fed the control diet showed the highest colonization rates. The pH of the cecal content was not different among treatments. Thus, EO or its combination with sodium-butyrate did not affect growth performance. However, a clear effectiveness of these products was observed in Salmonella control, especially when low doses of EO were combined with sodium-butyrate (EOB50)

Valoración in vitro de la digestibilidad ileal aparente de la materia seca y la proteína de materias primas y subproductos agroindustriales en porcino

Para ajustar las dietas a las necesidades de los animales es necesario conocer el valor nutritivo de los alimentos a través del coeficiente de digestibilidad. La digestibilidad de la proteína bruta (PB) se determina a nivel ileal, generalmente con experimentos in vivo, que implican un elevado coste económico y de tiempo, así como la utilización de animales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue validar una metodología para la caracterización proteica de materias primas y subproductos para la fabricación de piensos, alternativa a la determinación in vivo para ganado porcino

Nutritional value of crude and partially defatted olive cake in finishing pigs and effects on nitrogen balance and gaseous emissions

[EN] By-products from the food industry can be valuable ingredients in animal feeds. One example is olive cake (OC), generated in large amounts by the olive oil industry, which contains oil with a high proportion of oleic acid and polyphenols. An experiment was performed using pigs to determine the nutritional value of crude (COC) and partially defatted (PDOC) olive cake, and to evaluate their effect on nutrient balance, slurry properties and potential ammonia (NH3) and methane (CH4) emissions. Five experimental feeds were designed; a basal diet and another four diets produced by substituting 100 or 200 g/kg of the basal diet with either COC or PDOC. Thirty finishing male pigs (76.1 ± 4.2 kg initial BW) were used in the experiment (6 animals/treatment). After a 14-day adaptation period, faeces and urine were collected separately for 7 days to measure nutrient digestibility and the excretory patterns of nitrogen. Potential NH3 and CH4 emissions were measured in reconstituted slurry samples over 11 and 100 days, respectively. The dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), cellulose, starch and energy coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) were negative and linearly (P<0.05) affected by OC inclusion level. However, the type of OC did not influence any of the digestion efficiencies studied. The energy digestibility of the ingredients tested, estimated by substitution, were 0.479 (±0.040, SEM) and 0.327 (±0.049) for COC and PDOC, respectively. Faecal content of cellulose, polyphenols and gross energy (GE) increased linearly with OC inclusion, whereas ash content decreased. The total N content of urine decreased linearly with OC inclusion, but benzoic and hippuric acid contents increased, which resulted in lower pH values for the OC diets. The ratio between faecal and urine N excretion decreased from 2.48 in the basal diet to 1.01 on average in the 200 g/kg OC diets. As a result, increasing both COC and PDOC levels in diets resulted in lower NH3 emissions per volume of slurry and in a lower biochemical CH4 potential. Although slurry excretion increased with OC inclusion, daily NH3 emissions still decreased with increasing OC inclusion. However, potential CH4 emissions per animal increased. Overall, the results indicate a digestible energy (DE) values from OC and COC that account for about 59-79% of the DE provided by the barley, respectively. A global perspective is needed to assess the impact of including OC in pig diets throughout the production chain.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [AGL2014-56653]Ferrer Riera, P.; García-Rebollar, P.; Cerisuelo, A.; Ibáñez, MA.; Rodríguez, CA.; Calvet, S.; De Blas, C. (2018). Nutritional value of crude and partially defatted olive cake in finishing pigs and effects on nitrogen balance and gaseous emissions. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 236:131-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.12.014S13114023

Composición química y cinética de producción de gas in vitro de subproductos de cítricos

España es el mayor productor de cítricos de la Unión Europea y el quinto a nivel mundial, con una producción anual superior a cinco millones de toneladas (MAGRAMA, 2016). Este sector genera una gran cantidad de subproductos, con un elevado aporte energético y alto contenido en pectinas y azúcares, por lo que podrían usarse como materias primas en dietas para rumiantes.Este trabajo ha sido realizado en el marco de los proyectos AGL2016-75322-C2-1-R, AGL2016-75322-C2-2-R y AGL2014-56653-c3-1-R.Publishe

Estudio de la operación de prensado de baldosas de gran formato utilizando la absorción de rayos X

An apparatus for X-Ray non destructive inspection of bulk density distribution in large ceramic tiles has been designed, built and patented. This technique has many advantages compared with other methods: it allows tile bulk density distribution to be mapped and is neither destructive nor toxic, provided the X-ray tube and detector area are shielded to prevent leakage. In the present study, this technique, whose technical feasibility and accuracy had been verified in previous studies, has been used to scan ceramic tiles formed under different industrial conditions, modifying press working parameters. The use of high-precision laser telemeters allows tile thicknesses to be mapped, facilitating the interpretation of manufacturing defects produced in pressing, which cannot be interpreted by just measuring bulk density. The bulk density distributions obtained in the same unfired and fired tiles are also compared, a possibility afforded only by this measurement method, since it is non-destructive. The comparison of both unfired and fired tile bulk density distributions allows the influence of the pressing and firing stages on tile end porosity to be individually identified.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Se ha diseñado, construido y patentado un equipo capaz de determinar de manera no destructiva la distribución de la densidad aparente en el seno de piezas cerámicas de grandes dimensiones. El método de medida propuesto, basado en la técnica de absorción de rayos X, presenta múltiples ventajas con respecto a los empleados hasta el momento: permite obtener mapas completos de la distribución de la densidad aparente de las piezas y no es destructivo ni tóxico. Para la realización de las medidas se utiliza un tubo emisor de rayos X de baja potencia. El instrumento de medida cuenta con una cabina de blindaje dotada de elementos de seguridad. Mediante esta técnica se han examinado piezas cerámicas obtenidas en distintas condiciones industriales, modificando los parámetros de funcionamiento de la prensa. La utilización de telémetros láser de alta precisión permite obtener además un mapa de espesores de las piezas analizadas, a partir del cual puede conocerse la distribución de masa superficial en el seno de las mismas. El carácter no destructivo del método permite examinar piezas cocidas, previamente examinadas en crudo, lo que facilita la interpretación de los defectos de fabricación que pueden originarse en el conformado y/o la etapa de cocción