Impact of Farmland Abandonment on Water Resources and Soil Conservation in Citrus Plantations in Eastern Spain

[EN] Due to the reduction in the prices of oranges on the market and social changes such as the ageing of the population, traditional orange plantation abandonment in the Mediterranean is taking place. Previous research on land abandonment impact on soil and water resources has focused on rainfed agriculture abandonment, but there is no research on irrigated land abandonment. In the Valencia Regionthe largest producer of oranges in Europeabandonment is resulting in a quick vegetation recovery and changes in soil properties, and then in water erosion. Therefore, we performed rainfall simulation experiments (0.28 m(2); 38.8 mm h(-1)) to determine the soil losses in naveline orange plantations with different ages of abandonment (1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10 years of abandonment) which will allow for an understanding of the temporal changes in soil and water losses after abandonment. Moreover, these results were also compared with an active plantation (0). The results show that the soils of the active orange plantations have higher runoff discharges and higher erosion rates due to the use of herbicides than the plots after abandonment. Once the soil is abandoned for one year, the plant recovery reaches 33% of the cover and the erosion rate drops one order of magnitude. This is related to the delay in the runoff generation and the increase in infiltration rates. After 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10 years, the soil reduced bulk density, increase in organic matter, plant cover, and soil erosion rates were found negligible. We conclude that the abandonment of orange plantations reduces soil and water losses and can serve as a nature-based solution to restore the soil services, goods, and resources. The reduction in the soil losses was exponential (from 607.4 g m(-2) in the active plot to 7.1 g m(-2) in the 10-year abandoned one) but the water losses were linear (from 77.2 in active plantations till 12.8% in the 10-year abandoned ones)This paper is part of the results of research projects GL2008-02879/BTE, LEDDRA 243857 and RECARE-FP7 (ENV.2013.6.2-4)Cerda, A.; Ackermann, O.; Terol, E.; Rodrigo-Comino, J. (2019). Impact of Farmland Abandonment on Water Resources and Soil Conservation in Citrus Plantations in Eastern Spain. Water. 11(4):824-839. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11040824S824839114Stefler, D., Pikhart, H., Kubinova, R., Pajak, A., Stepaniak, U., Malyutina, S., … Bobak, M. (2015). Fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality in Eastern Europe: Longitudinal results from the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe study. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 23(5), 493-501. doi:10.1177/2047487315582320Alford, M., Barrientos, S., & Visser, M. (2017). 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DIAGNOSTICO DE TRACTORES E IMPLEMENTOS AGRÍCOLAS EN EL MUNICIPIO DE ATLACOMULCO, ESTADO DE MÉXICO

Realización de un diagnóstico de la utilización del parque de máquinas y tractores, así como los índices de mecanización agrícola de 24 comunidades del municipio de Atlacomulco, estado de México.UAEMé

La vid silvestre en México. Actualidades y potencial

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Experimental and Theoretical Study of SbPO4 under Compression

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Inorganic Chemistry, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02268.[EN] SbPO4 is a complex monoclinic layered material characterized by a strong activity of the nonbonding lone electron pair (LEP) of Sb. The strong cation LEP leads to the formation of layers piled up along the a axis and linked by weak SbO electrostatic interactions. In fact, Sb has 4-fold coordination with O similarly to what occurs with the P-O coordination, despite the large difference in ionic radii and electronegativity between both elements. Here we report a joint experimental and theoretical study of the structural and vibrational properties of SbPO4 at high pressure. We show that SbPO4 is not only one of the most compressible phosphates but also one of the most compressible compounds of the ABO(4) family. Moreover, it has a considerable anisotropic compression behavior, with the largest compression occurring along a direction close to the a axis and governed by the compression of the LEP and the weak interlayer Sb-O bonds. The strong compression along the a axis leads to a subtle modification of the monoclinic crystal structure above 3 GPa, leading from a 2D to a 3D material. Moreover, the onset of a reversible pressure-induced phase transition is observed above 9 GPa, which is completed above 20 GPa. We propose that the high-pressure phase is a triclinic distortion of the original monoclinic phase. The understanding of the compression mechanism of SbPO4 can aid to improve the ion intercalation and catalytic properties of this layered compound.The authors acknowledge financial support from the Brazilian Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq - 159754/2018-6, 307199/2018-5, 422250/20163, 201050/2012-9), FAPESP (2013/07793-6), Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) under projects MALTA Consolider Ingenio 2010 network (MAT2015-71070-REDC and RED2018-102612-T), MAT2016-75586-C4-1/2/3-P, PGC2018-097520-A-I00, FIS2017-83295-P, and PGC2018-094417-B-I00 from Generalitat Valenciana under project PROMETEO/2018/123, and the European Comission under project COMEX. D.S.-P., JA.S., and A.O.d.l.R. acknowledge "Ramim y Cajal" Fellowships for financial support (RyC-2014-15643, RYC-2015-17482, and RyC-2016-20301, respectively). E.L.d. 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Short-term low-severity spring grassland fire impacts on soil extractable elements and soil ratios in Lithuania.

Spring grassland fires are common in boreal areas as a consequence of slash and burn agriculture used to remove dry grass to increase soil nutrient properties and crop production. However, fewworks have investigated fire impacts on these grassland ecosystems, especially in the immediate period after the fire. The objective of this work was to study the short-termimpacts of a spring grassland fire in Lithuania. Four days after the firewe established a 400 m2 sampling grid within the burned area and in an adjacent unburned area with the same topographical, hydrological and pedological characteristics. Wecollected topsoil samples immediately after the fire (0 months), 2, 5, 7 and 9 months after the fire. We analysed soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), major nutrients including calcium(Ca), magnesium(Mg), sodium(Na), and potassium(K), and theminor elements aluminium(Al), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). We also calculated the soil Na and K adsorption ratio (SPAR), Ca:Mg and Ca:Al. The results showed that this low-severity grassland fire significantly decreased soil pH, Al, and Mn but increased EC, Ca,Mg, and K,. There was no effect on Na, Fe, and Zn. Therewas a decrease of EC, Ca,Mg, and Na from 0months after the fire until 7 months after the fire,with an increase during the last sampling period. Fire did not significantly affect SPAR. Ca:Mg decreased significantly immediately after the fire, but not to critical levels. Ca:Al increased after the fire, reducing the potential effects of Al on plants. Overall, fire impactsweremainly limited to the immediate period after the fire