Evaluation of The Factors Affecting the Benefiting Level from The Young Farmers Project Support in TR 71 Region of Turkey

In Turkey, various agricultural support policies were applied some time to increase the production, sometimes to reduce the over-production and to compensate the production. However, these policies have not been fully attained since they have been implemented without first solving the major structural problems of agriculture. Parallel to developments in the world's countries, entrepreneurship needs to be embraced by the young population and young entrepreneurs must be supported. Turkey attaches great importance to the supports in recent years regarding the determination of entrepreneurial individuals, and the promotion of entrepreneurship. For this purpose, in order to support young people in the agriculture sector, "Young Farmer Projects Support (YFPS)" was added to the "National Agricultural Project" in 2016. This support policy aims to encourage young farmers to stay in agriculture by supporting young farmers and to prevent migration from the village to the city. In this context, a survey has been carried out in the TR 71 Region of Turkey (Aksaray, Kırıkkale, Kırşehir, Nevsehir and Nigde provinces), and a total of 248 young farmers (139 supported, and 109 non-supported) were interviewed. The logit model was used in the analysis of the data. According to Logit model results, the factors such as gender, marital status, farming situation of young farmer, farming situation of young farmer’s family, residence population, social security status, agricultural education certificate status and ownership of property which are influencing on individuals benefiting from young farmer support were found statistically significant

Copolymers of 7-Methoxy-2-Acetyl Benzofuryl Methylmethacrylate with Styrene: Synthesis, Characterization, Reactivity Ratios and Determination of Kinetic Parameters with Thermogravimetric Analysis

The 7-methoxy-2-acetyl benzofuryl methylmethacrylate (MABMM) monomer was synthesized by reacting 7-methoxy-2-bromo acetyl benzofurane with sodium methacrylate in acetonitrile solvent at 70°C in the presence of triethylbenzylammoniumchloride (TEBAC). The monomer was characterized by FTIR, 1H-and 13C-NMR spectral studies. Reactivity ratios for the copolymers 7-methoxy-2-acetyl benzofuryl methylmethacrylate (MABMM)-co- styrene (ST) are reported. Copolymers were prepared by free radical polymerization using 2,2?-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator at 70°C in 1,4-dioxane solution. FTIR, 1H-and 13C-NMR spectral studies and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were used the copolymer characterization. The monomer compositions in the copolymer were determined by elementel analyses and the reactivity ratios (ri) were calculated applying diverse linear methods, namely Finemann-Ross (FR) and Kelen-Tüdös (KT) and the nonlinear error invariable model method of a computer program RREVM. By using the latter pr°Cedure, the values of the reactivity ratios were estimated as 2.74 and 0.69 for the system MABMM (1) and ST (2), respectively. These values suggest the formation of nearly-alternating copolymers in the systems. Molecular weights were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The polydispersity indices of the polymers determined using suggest a strong tendency for chain termination by disproportionation. The glass transition temperature of the polymers were investigated by Shimadzu DSC-60 and the apparent thermal decomposition activation energies (Ed) were calculated by the Ozawa method using the Perkin-Elmer TGA thermobalance, respectively. Tg increases when the concentration of polar monomer (MABMM) in the copolymer increases. It was observed that thermal stabilities of copolymers increased with increasing of MABMM content in copolymers. © 2015 Copyright © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.FUBAP-1352The authors wish to thank the financal support provided by the Fırat University Research Fund (Project No: FUBAP-1352).

Trakeal bronkus: Bir olgu sunumu

Trakeal bronkus, trakeadan kaynaklanan sağ bronchus lobaris superior olup, ilk olarak 1785’te tanımlanmıştır. Genelde karinanın sağ üst tarafında, sağ akciğerin üst lobunun segmentum apicale’sini havalandıran nadir görülen konjenital bir anomalidir ve üç tipi vardır. Bir yıldır öksürük ve nefes darlığı şikayeti olan 41 yaşındaki erkek hastanın çekilen kontrastlı aksiyal ve koronal reformat toraks bilgisayarlı tomografisinin incelenmesi sonucunda sağ akciğerindeki bronchus lobaris superior’unun karina üstünden ayrıldığı görülmüştür. Tekrarlayan akciğer enfeksiyonu olan hastalarda ve özellikle Down sendromu olmak üzere konjenital kalp hastalıkları, aspleni sendromu ve kosta anomalileri gibi ek anomalisi olan vakalarda olası trakeobronşial anomaliler akılda tutulmalıdır. Bu hastalara uygulanan yanlış endotrakeal entübasyonun, atelektazi ve pnömotoraks gibi komplikasyonlara neden olabileceği düşünülmelidir. Bunun yanı sıra anestezi öncesi bilgisayarlı tomografi ile anatomik yapının değerlendirilmesi varyasyonların tanımlanması açısından önemlidi

DEDECTION OF EYE-BLINK MOVEMENTS WITH SENSORS

During the lifetime, one of the most involuntary or voluntary movements of the human body is blinking eyes. The main purpose of ongoing scientific researches is to obtain a meaningful and fundamental data by observing eye blink movement, which might give some valuable information for other research subjects. Eye blink data is being frequently analyzed and processed for different application fields such as wearable technologies, intelligent driver warning systems, etc. In this study, eye blink data is obtained as biomechanical outcome for application of biomedical purposes in treatment of diseases caused by eye blink complications. The motivation of the study is based on facial paralysis disease, which may be resulted in eye blink difficulty especially in one eye. The proposed treatment system operates by triggering eyelid muscles by an appropriate synchronizing data obtained by healthy eye blink movements. The synchronizing data is acquired by using QRD1114 sensor module which contains IR led and fototransistor. The proposed system with its ergonomic structure does not block the angle of vision

EVALUATION of YOUNG FARMERS PROJECT SUPPORT PROGRAM in TERMS of AGRI-ENTREPRENEURSHIP in TURKEY

WOS: 000456810100005Turkey has top rankings in the world in terms of the importance of the agricultural sector in economy and agricultural production value, although it can not be said that the agriculture sector has reached the desired level of entrepreneurship. Factors such as the unwillingness of young people to stay in rural areas and the fact that agricultural sector is not profitable enough to invest are influential in this. Turkey has made considerable strides in supporting entrepreneurship, especially after the 2000s and has achieved a major trend in the entrepreneurship in recent years. Henceforth, the most important stones of the new economy system, the entrepreneurship and innovation culture, must be instilled into the young population and the young entrepreneurs should be supported. For this purpose, in order to support young people in the agriculture sector, a policy instrument called "Youth Farmer Projects Support (GcPD)" was added to the "National Agricultural Project" in 2016. By supporting young farmers with this support policy, encouraging young people to be in agriculture and supporting entrepreneurship are important goals. The purpose of this study is the evaluation of the Young Farmer Project Support in Turkey in terms of entrepreneurship. In this context, a survey study was carried out in Turkey's TR 71 Zone (Aksaray, Kirikkale, Kirsehir, Nevsehir and Nigde) and a total of 248 young farmers (139 supported, 109 applied but not entitled to support) were interviewed. In the analysis of the data, Factor and Compliance Analyzes were used. As a result, Young Farmer Project Support with the aspect of encouraging young people in agriculture in rural areas is a shot in the arm but these supports have to be aimed at creating an economically sustainable business. Improving the entrepreneurial spirit of the entrepreneur, which is one of the factors of production in the optimization of agriculture, requires more support of the sector in this respect and more support to entrepreneurial individuals. Supporting small businesses and enterprises that do not have sufficient financing for production only with grant awards will not advance these supports beyond social assistance.Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in Turkey [TR71]The data of the study was compiled from the Project "Genc Ciftci Desteklemelerine Kriter Olabilecek Parametrelerin ve Genclerin Tarimda Kalma Egilimlerinin Belirlenmesi (TR71 (Kirikkale, Aksaray, Nigde, Nevsehir, Kirsehir) Bolgesi)-Determination of Parameters that May Be A Criterion For Young Farmers' Support And The Tendency of Young People to Stay in Agriculture (TR71 (Kirikkale, Aksaray, Nigde, Nevsehir, Kirsehir) Region)"supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in Turkey

Peeling of internal limiting membrane during vitrectomy for complicated retinal detachment prevents epimacular membrane formation

To investigate the clinical benefit of internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling at the macula for the prevention of epimacular membrane formation following vitreous surgery using silicone oil for the treatment of complicated retinal detachment

Characterization of invasive Neisseria meningitidis isolates recovered from children in Turkey during a period of increased serogroup B disease, 2013-2017

Diverse Neisseria meningitidis strains belonging to various serogroups and clonal complexes cause epidemic and endemic life-threatening disease worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of recent invasive meningococci in Turkey with respect to multilocus sequence type (MLST) and also meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) vaccine antigens to enable assessment of potential MenB strain coverage using the genetic Meningococcal Antigen Typing System (gMATS). Fifty-four isolates, representing 37.5% of all pediatric (ages 0-18 years) invasive meningococcal disease cases in Turkey from January 2013 to December 2017, underwent genome sequence analysis. Thirty-six (66.7%) isolates were MenB, 10 (18.5%) were serogroup W (MenW), 4 (7.4%) were serogroup A (MenA), 3 (5.6%) were serogroup Y (MenY) and 1 (1.8%) was serogroup X (MenX). The MenB isolates were diverse with cc35 (19.4%), cc41/44 (19.4%) and cc32 (13.8%) as the most prevalent clonal complexes. The MenW isolates (n = 10) comprised cc11 (n = 5), ST-2754 (cc-unassigned; n = 4) and cc22 (n = 1). gMATS was indicative of high 4CMenB coverage (72.2-79.1%) of Turkish invasive MenB strains from pediatric patients. Strain coverage of several clonal complexes differed from that seen elsewhere in Europe highlighting the importance of performing local assessments and also the use of phenotypic methods, i.e. MATS, where possible. All of the isolates possessed in-frame fhbp alleles and so were potentially covered by MenB-fHbp. Continued surveillance is essential to guide recommendations for current and future vaccines as well as understanding changes in epidemiology. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Multicenter Hospital-Based Prospective Surveillance Study of Bacterial Agents Causing Meningitis and Seroprevalence of Different Serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae Type b, and Streptococcus pneumoniae during 2015 to 2018 in Turkey

The etiology of bacterial meningitis in Turkey changed after the implementation of conjugated vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in the Turkish National Immunization Program (NIP). Administration of Hib vaccine and PCV-7 (7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) was implemented in NIP in 2006 and 2009, respectively. In 2011, PCV-7 was replaced with PCV-13. Meningococcal vaccines have not yet been included in Turkish NIP. This prospective study comprised 27 hospitals located in seven regions of Turkey and represented 45% of the population. Children aged between 1 month and 18 years who were hospitalized with suspected meningitis were included. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected, and bacterial identification was made according to the multiplex PCR assay results. During the study period, 994 children were hospitalized for suspected meningitis, and Hib (n = 3, 2.4%), S. pneumoniae (n = 33, 26.4%), and Neisseria meningitidis (n = 89, 71%) were detected in 125 samples. The most common meningococcal serogroup was MenB. Serogroup W comprised 13.9% (n = 5) and 7.5% (n = 4) of the meningococci in 2015 to 2016 and 2017 to 2018, respectively. Serogroup C was not detected. There were four deaths in the study; one was a pneumococcus case, and the others were serogroup B meningococcus cases. The epidemiology of meningococcal diseases has varied over time in Turkey. Differing from the previous surveillance periods, MenB was the most common serogroup in the 2015-to-2018 period. Meningococcal epidemiology is so dynamic that, for vaccination policies, close monitoring is crucial