159 research outputs found
Indomethacin treatment prior to pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures downregulates the expression of Il1b and cox2 and decreases seizure-like behavior in zebrafish larvae
It has been demonstrated that the zebrafish model of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)âevoked seizures and the wellâestablished rodent models of epilepsy are similar pertaining to behavior, electrographic features, and câfosexpression. Although this zebrafish mode1712FAPESP - FUNDAĂĂO DE AMPARO Ă PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SĂO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTĂFICO E TECNOLĂGICO2014/15640â8; 2013/19151â9475405/2010â
Congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome: familial occurrence, clinical and psycholinguistic aspects correlated with MRI
Congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome (CBPS) is frequently caused by polymicrogyria (PMG). The aim of this study was to correlate the clinical and psycholinguistic aspects with neuroradiological data of patients with CBPS. Thirty-one patients were studied. We performed a clinical investigation of the patients and their families, including MRI scanning, neuropsychological tests and language evaluation. The statistical analysis showed that: a) prenatal events are associated with the non-familial type of PMG; b) diffuse PMG is associated with pseudobulbar signs, as opposed to BPPP; c) motor deficit is associated with diffuse PMG; d) epilepsy is equally present in patients with both familial or non-familial PMG, but is more frequently seen in patients with diffuse PMG; e) dyslexia and SLI can be a feature of both the diffuse or BPPP, and either familial or sporadic cases of PMG. The severity of clinical manifestations in CBPS is correlated with the extent of cortical involvement. Most patients with CBPS have a history of speech delay or language difficulties and no epilepsy. Dyslexia can be found in patients with PMG393139145COORDENAĂĂO DE APERFEIĂOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NĂVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAĂĂO DE AMPARO Ă PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SĂO PAULO - FAPES
The il1β have a protective action in the acute phase of the pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model
INTRODUCTION: There is contradictory information regarding the of effects il1β and il1rn in epilepsy. We aimed to evaluate the effect of silencing both genes in the acute phase of the pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model. METHODS: We used RNA interference in order to achieve gene silencing. RESULTS: We obtained significant gene silencing in the central nervous system. In addition, we observed phenotypic effects including differences in mortality rates of animals 5 days after pilocarpine injections. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that il1β seems to have a protective effect in the acute phase of the pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model.INTRODUĂĂO: Existem contradiçÔes na literatura quanto aos efeitos dos genes il1β e il1rn nas epilepsias. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos do silenciamento desses dois genes na fase aguda do modelo de epilepsia induzido pela pilocarpina. MĂTODOS: Para alterar a expressĂŁo dos genes il1β e il1rn utilizamos a tĂ©cnica de interferĂȘncia por RNA. RESULTADOS: Obtivemos taxas de silenciamento significativas para os dois genes no sistema nervoso central. Observamos efeitos fenotĂpicos significativos, incluindo a alteração na taxa de mortalidade dos animais 5 dias apĂłs a indução do modelo. CONCLUSĂES: A il1β parece exercer um papel protetor na fase aguda do modelo de epilepsia induzido pela pilocarpina.979
Clinical and genetic analysis of 29 Brazilian patients with Huntingtonâs disease-like phenotype
Huntingtonâs disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by chorea,
behavioral disturbances and dementia, caused by a pathological expansion of the CAG
trinucleotide in the HTT gene. Several patients have been recognized with the typical HD
phenotype without the expected mutation. The objective of this study was to assess the
occurrence of diseases such as Huntingtonâs disease-like 2 (HDL2), spinocerebellar ataxia
(SCA) 1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA7, dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) and choreaacanthocytosis
(ChAc) among 29 Brazilian patients with a HD-like phenotype. In the group
analyzed, we found 3 patients with HDL2 and 2 patients with ChAc. The diagnosis was not
reached in 79.3% of the patients. HDL2 was the main cause of the HD-like phenotype in
the group analyzed, and is attributable to the African ancestry of this population. However,
the etiology of the disease remains undetermined in the majority of the HD negative
patients with HD-like phenotype.
Key words: Huntingtonâs disease, Huntingtonâs disease-like, chorea-acanthocytosis,
Huntingtonâs disease-like 2
International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force recommendations for a veterinary epilepsy-specific MRI protocol
Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological diseases in veterinary practice. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is regarded as an important diagnostic test to reach the diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy. However, given that the diagnosis requires the exclusion of other differentials for seizures, the parameters for MRI examination should allow the detection of subtle lesions which may not be obvious with existing techniques. In addition, there are several differentials for idiopathic epilepsy in humans, for example some focal cortical dysplasias, which may only apparent with special sequences, imaging planes and/or particular techniques used in performing the MRI scan. As a result, there is a need to standardize MRI examination in veterinary patients with techniques that reliably diagnose subtle lesions, identify post-seizure changes, and which will allow for future identification of underlying causes of seizures not yet apparent in the veterinary literature.
There is a need for a standardized veterinary epilepsy-specific MRI protocol which will facilitate more detailed examination of areas susceptible to generating and perpetuating seizures, is cost efficient, simple to perform and can be adapted for both low and high field scanners. Standardisation of imaging will improve clinical communication and uniformity of case definition between research studies. A 6â7 sequence epilepsy-specific MRI protocol for veterinary patients is proposed and further advanced MR and functional imaging is reviewed
The emergence of a new source of X-rays from the binary neutron star merger GW170817
The binary neutron-star (BNS) merger GW170817 is the first celestial object
from which both gravitational waves (GWs) and light have been detected enabling
critical insight on the pre-merger (GWs) and post-merger (light) physical
properties of these phenomena. For the first years after the merger
the detected radio and X-ray radiation has been dominated by emission from a
structured relativistic jet initially pointing degrees away from
our line of sight and propagating into a low-density medium. Here we report on
observational evidence for the emergence of a new X-ray emission component at
days after the merger. The new component has luminosity at 1234 days, and represents a - excess compared to the expectations from the off-axis
jet model that best fits the multi-wavelength afterglow of GW170817 at earlier
times. A lack of detectable radio emission at 3 GHz around the same time
suggests a harder broadband spectrum than the jet afterglow. These properties
are consistent with synchrotron emission from a mildly relativistic shock
generated by the expanding merger ejecta, i.e. a kilonova afterglow. In this
context our simulations show that the X-ray excess supports the presence of a
high-velocity tail in the merger ejecta, and argues against the prompt collapse
of the merger remnant into a black hole. However, radiation from accretion
processes on the compact-object remnant represents a viable alternative to the
kilonova afterglow. Neither a kilonova afterglow nor accretion-powered emission
have been observed before.Comment: 66 pages, 12 figures, Submitte
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