Progesterona e hormônio folículo-estimulante interagem e promovem a sobrevivência e o desenvolvimento in vitro de folículos pré-antrais caprinos

Este trabalho veri_icou os efeitos da progesterona e do hormonio foliculo-estimulante (FSH) na sobrevivencia e no crescimento de foliculos pre-antrais caprinos. Fragmentos de tecido ovariano foram cultivados por 1 ou 7 dias em Meio Essencial Minimo (MEM) sozinho ou contendo progesterona (1, 2.5, 5, 10 ou 20ng/mL), FSH (50ng/mL) ou a combinacao entre esses dois hormonios. O tecido fresco (controle nao-cultivado) e o cultivado foram processados para analise histologica e ultra-estrutural. Apos 7 dias a adicao de FSH a todas as concentracoes de progesterone manteve o percentual de foliculos normais similar ao controle fresco. No dia 7 de cultivo, um alto percentual de foliculos em desenvolvimento foi observado somente no tratamento com 2,5ng/ml de progesterona associada ao FSH ou com 10ng/ml de progesterona sozinha, em relação ao controle fresco. Do dia 1 para o dia 7 de cultivo, um aumento signi_icativo no percentual de foliculos em desenvolvimento foi observado no MEM sozinho e adicionado de 2,5ng/ml de progesterona + FSH. Alem disso, apos 7 dias, em todos os tratamentos, houve um aumento signi_icativo no diametro folicular em relacao ao controle, exceto nos tratamentos com MEM sozinho, 5ng/ml de progesterona + FSH ou 10ng/ml de progesterona sozinha. A analise ultra-estrutural con_irmou a integridade follicular apos 7 dias de cultivo no tratamento com 2,5ng/ml de progesterona + FSH. Em conclusao, este estudo demonstrou que a interação entre progesterona e FSH mantem a integridade ultra-estrutural, estimula a ativacao de foliculos primordiais e o posterior crescimento de foliculos pre-antrais caprinos cultivados in vitro.We investigated the effects of progesterone and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) on survival and growth of caprine preantral follicles. Pieces of ovarian tissue were cultured for 1 or 7 days in minimum essential medium (MEM) alone or containing progesterone (1, 2.5, 5, 10 or 20ng/mL), FSH (50ng/mL) or the interaction between progesterone and FSH. Fresh (non-cultured control) and cultured ovarian tissues were processed for histological and ultrastructural studies. After 7 days the addition of FSH to all progesterone concentrations maintained the percentage of normal follicles similar to fresh control. At day 7 of culture, a higher percentage of developing follicles was observed only in 2.5ng/ml of progesterone associated with FSH or 10ng/ml of progesterone alone when compared with control. From day 1 to day 7 of culture, a signi_icant increase in the percentage of developing follicles was observed in MEM and 2.5ng/ml of progesterone + FSH. In addition, after 7 days, in all treatments, there was a signi_icant increase in follicular diameter when compared with control, except for MEM alone and in 5ng/ml of progesterone + FSH or 10ng/ml of progesterone alone. Ultrastructural studies con_irmed follicular integrity after 7 days of culture in 2.5ng/ml of progesterone with FSH. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the interaction between progesterone and FSH maintains ultrastructural integrity, stimulates primordial follicles activation and further growth of cultured caprine preantral follicles

Short-term preservation of canine preantral follicles : effects of temperature, medium and time

The use of the large pool of preantral follicles is a promising alternative to provide high numbers of fertilizable oocytes to reproductive biotechnology. This issue is particularly important to canids, since current rates of success of in vitro techniques using oocytes are very limited, and many species within this family are threatened by extinction. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of temperature, medium and time on morphology and viability of canine preantral follicles during short-term preservation. Canine ovaries were cut into fragments which were incubated in 0.9% NaCl solution or in minimum essential medium (MEM) at 4, 20 or 38 °C for 2, 6, 12 or 24 h. Afterwards, preantral follicles were analyzed by histology, transmission electron microscopy and viability testing using trypan blue, calcein-AM and ethidium homodimer-1. Percentages of morphological normal and viable follicles were maintained similar to control (time 0 h) after incubation in 0.9% NaCl at 4 or 20 °C for up to 6 h and at 38 °C for 2 h. Using MEM, such preservation was possible for 12 h at 4 or 20 °C, and for 6 h at 38 °C. These results indicate that preservation of canine preantral follicles might be better accomplished through hypothermic (4 or 20 °C) storage in MEM, which ensures maintenance of morphology and viability for up to 12 h

Preservation of bovine preantral follicle viability and ultra-structure after cooling and freezing of ovarian tissue

Bovine preantral follicles within ovarian fragments were exposed and cryopreserved in absence or presence of 1.5 M glycerol (GLY), ethylene glycol (EG), propanediol (PROH) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), undergoing a previous cooling at 20 °C for 1 h (protocol 1) or at 4 °C for 24 h (protocol 2) in 0.9% saline solution. At the end of each treatment, preantral follicles were classified as non-viable/viable when they were stained/not stained with trypan blue, respectively. To confirm viability staining, ultra-structure of the follicles was evaluated by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). Data were compared by Chi-square test (P < 0.05). The storage of the ovaries at 20 °C for 1 h (78%) and 4 °C for 24 h (80%) did not reduce significantly the percentage of viable preantral follicles when compared to the control (75%). Similar results were obtained when ovarian fragments, respectively, for protocols 1 and 2, were exposed to MEM (78 and 77%), 1.5 M EG (78 and 71%), as well as frozen in 1.5 M EG (74 and 77%). Percentages of viable follicles in control were similar to those observed after exposure (75%) and freezing (76%) in presence of 1.5 M DMSO only when protocol 1 was used. The increase of the concentration from 1.5 to 3.0 M, for all cryoprotectants, reduced significantly the percentage of viable preantral follicles after freezing. Ultra-structural analysis has confirmed trypan blue results, showing that not only basement membrane, but also organelles, were intact in viable preantral follicles. In conclusion, ovarian tissue cooling at 4 °C for 24 h before cryopreservation (protocol 2) does not affect the viability of bovine preantral follicles when 1.5 M EG is present in the cryopreservation medium

Toxicity test and cryopreservation of sheep isolated preantral follicles using glycerol, ethylen glycol, dimethil sulfoxyde and propanediol

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar folículos pré-antrais (FOPA) ovinos isolados após sua exposição e criopreservação utilizando glicerol (GLI), etilenoglicol (EG), propanodiol (PROH) ou dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO) a 1,5 e 3,0 M. Cada par ovariano de 5 ovelhas sem raça definida foi coletado em abatedouro local e submetido ao isolamento folicular. Da suspensão obtida, uma alíquota foi imediatamente destinada à análise da viabilidade folicular com o auxílio do corante vital azul de trypan. O restante da suspensão foi dividida em 16 alíquotas de 0,9 mL, suspensas (v/v) em MEM+ com EG, DMSO, GLI ou PROH a 1,5 ou 3,0 M, para teste de toxicidade e criopreservação. Após o término de cada tratamento, a viabilidade folicular foi analisada e os FOPA considerados viáveis se não corados ou não viáveis, quando corados. A análise dos dados mostrou que após o teste de toxicidade e criopreservação, em todos os crioprotetores e em ambas as concentrações, a percentagem de FOPA viáveis foi significativamente reduzida quando comparada ao controle. No teste de toxicidade, quando os crioprotetores foram comparados entre si nas mesmas concentrações, foram observadas percentagens significativamente menores de FOPA viáveis no PROH 3,0 M (38,9%), apresentando-se, portanto, mais tóxico quando comparado aos demais crioprotetores. Após criopreservação, obteve-se percentagens significativamente maiores de folículos pré-antrais viáveis quando o EG e o DMSO foram utilizados. Em conclusão, FOPA ovinos isolados podem ser criopreservados com sucesso utilizando-se DMSO e EG a 1,5 e 3,0 M.The aim of this study was to evaluate isolated sheep preantral follicles (PF) after exposure and cryopreservation using glycerol (GLI), ethylene glycol (EG), propanediol (PROH) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at 1.5 and 3.0 M. Each ovarian pair from 5 mixed breed adult sheeps was obtained at a local slaughterhouse and submited to follicular isolation. From the obtained suspension, one aliquot was immediately analysed with trypan blue. The remaining suspension was divided in 16 aliquots of 0.9 mL, suspended in (v/v) in MEM+ with EG, DMSO, GLI or PROH at 1.5 or 3.0 M to the toxicity test and cryopreservation. After the end of each treatment, the follicular viability was analysed and the PF were classified as viable if not dyed or not viable if dyed with trypan blue. The analysis of the results showed that after the toxicity test and cryopreservation, using all cryoprotectants and at both concentrations, the percentage of viable PF was significantly reduced when compared to the control. At the toxicity test, when the cryoprotectants were compared at the same concentrations, the lowest percentage of viable preantral follicles was obtained when 3.0 M PROH (38,9%) was used, being, more toxic when compared to the others cryoprotectants. After cryopreservation, significantly higher percentual of viable PF was observed when the EG and DMSO were used. In conclusion, sheep PF can be cryopreserved successfully using DMSO and EG at 1.5 and 3.0 M

The human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH) keeps the normal ultrastructure of caprine preantral follicles cultured in vitro

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH) on the in vitro culture of caprine preantral follicles. Fragments of goat ovarian cortex were cultured in ?-MEM+ supplemented with 0, 10, or 50 ng/mL hFSH for one or seven days. Small fragments of non-cultured and cultured ovarian tissue were processed for classic histology and transmission electron microscopy. The statistical tests used in this study were Lilliefors, Cochran, and Tukey’s (when significance was detected, PROC ANOVA, SAS was used). The results revealed a reduction in the percentage of normal follicles after one or seven days of culture under all treatment conditions. The rates of follicular survival were similar to each other, within each day of culture. The medium containing 10 ng/mL hFSH reduced the percentage of primordial follicles following culture for one and seven days and did not increase the percentage of developing follicles. The follicular diameter of ovarian tissue cultured in ?-MEM+ medium and medium supplemented with 10 ng/mL of hFSH did not change when compared with the control (non-cultured). The ultrastructural analysis confirmed the integrity of follicles cultured for seven days in medium containing 10 ng/mL hFSH. In conclusion, hFSH (10 ng/mL) is capable of promoting the activation of primordial follicles and maintaining the ultrastructural integrity of caprine preantral follicles cultured in vitro for seven days

Antifungal Susceptibility and <i>Candida</i> sp. Biofilm Production in Clinical Isolates of HIV-Positive Brazilian Patients under HAART Therapy

The aim of the present study was to characterize biofilms formed by Candida spp. clinical isolates (n = 19), isolated from the oral mucosa of HIV-positive patients. For characterizing the biofilms formed by several Candida sp. strains, isolated from HIV-positive patients, in terms of formed biomass, matrix composition and antifungal susceptibility profile, clinical isolates (n = 19) were collected from oral mucosa and identified. The biofilm of the samples was cultured with fluconazole (1250 mg/L), voriconazole (800 mg/L), anidulafungin (2 mg/L) or amphotericin B (2 mg/L). Afterwards, the quantification of the total biomass was performed using crystal violet assay, while the proteins and carbohydrates levels were quantified in the matrix. The results showed a predominance of C. albicans, followed by C. krusei. Around 58% of the Candida spp. biofilm had susceptibility to fluconazole and voriconazole (800 mg/L), 53% to anidulafungin and 74% to amphotericin B. C. krusei presented both the lowest and the highest biofilm matrix contents in polysaccharides and proteins. The low resistance to antifungal agents reported here was probably due to the fact that none of the participants had a prolonged exposure to these antifungals. A predominance of less virulent Candida spp. strains with low or no resistance to antifungals was observed. This can be attributed to a low fungal selective pressure. This most probably happened due to a low fungal selective pressure but also due to a good adherence to HAART therapy, which guarantees a stable and stronger immune patient response