HASIL PEMERIKSAAN SPIROMETRI DAN LUAS LESI PADA PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS PARU DI UNIT DOTS (DIRECTLY OBSERVED TREATMENT SHORT COURSE) POLIKLINIK PARU RSUDZA PERIODE NOVEMBER-DESEMBER TAHUN 2012

Tuberkulosis paru merupakan penyakit infeksi pada paru yang disebabkan oleh kuman Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). TB paru merupakan penyebab utama kematian di antara berbagai infeksi. untuk melihat fungsi paru pasien TB perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan spirometri. Penelitian ini dilakukan di unit DOTS Poliklinik Paru RSUDZA Banda Aceh. Desain penelitian bersifat deskriptif. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 40 pasien yang didiagnosa TB paru di unit DOTS dan melihat luas lesi radiologi toraks yang telah ditentukan oleh dokter spesialis. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil spirometri adalah luas lesi radiologi toraks, usia, jenis kelamin dan status gizi. Sampel kelompok luas lesi radiologi toraks menunjukkan lesi 100% memiliki hasil spirometri retriksi berat. Berdasarkan usia 32-46 tahun, 47-61 tahun, >62tahun 100% memiliki hasil spirometri retriksi berat. Berdasarkan status gizi, pre-obese, obese-1, obese-2 memiliki 100% hasil spirometri retriksi berat

Efektivitas Senam Siginjai Terhadap Penurunan Gula Darah Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Di Kota Jambi

ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus type 2 is one of the 10 biggest diseases in Jambi City. One of the treatments to prevent the emergence of new cases and prevent complications is to increase physical activity, including physical exercise. Siginjai Gymnastic is one of the variations of typical Jambi physical activity that is recommended and started to be socialized in September 2017. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of Siginjai Gymnastic in reducing blood sugar levels. This type of research was a quasi-experimental design with a pretest and post test non-equivalent control group design. A total of 60 respondents as the intervention group (Siginjai Gymnastic) and 60 people as the control group (Diabetes Gymnastic) were willing to participate in this research activity. Data collection tools in the form of questionnaires, weight scales, microtois, audiovisual media and a glucometer. Data analysis used in this activity including paired t-test to observe for differences in blood sugar levels before and after exercise, and the Mann-Whitney test to observe differences in blood sugar reduction in different groups. Most of the respondents are women aged over 55 years, did not have a smoking habit and had a normal BMI category. The average decrease in blood sugar levels before and after participating in exercise was 16.783 in Siginjai Gymnastic group, while in Diabetes Gymnastic group the average was 18.083. The statistical test showed that there was a significant effect from doing both gymnastic activity (p-value 0.00) on reducing blood sugar levels. There was no significant difference between both exercise groups (p-value 0.128) in terms of their ability to lower blood sugar levels. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that Siginjai Gymnastic was effective enough to lowering blood sugar levels in tyoe 2 diabetes mellitus patients.   Key words: Diabetes; siginjai gymnastic; sugar; bloodABSTRAK  Penyakit diabetes melitus tipe 2 termasuk 10 penyakit terbesar di Kota Jambi. Salah satu upaya untuk mencegah timbulnya kasus baru dan mencegah terjadinya komplikasi adalah dengan peningkatan aktifitas fisik, diantaranya senam. Senam Siginjai merupakan salah satu variasi aktifitas fisik khas Jambi yang dianjurkan dan mulai disosialisasikan pada bulan September 2017. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi efektifitas Senam Siginjai terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah. Jenis penelitian adalah quasi-experiment dengan rancangan pretest and posttest nonequivalent control group design. Sebanyak 60 orang responden sebagai kelompok intervensi (Senam Siginjai) dan 60 orang sebagai kelompok kontrol (Senam Diabetes) bersedia berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan penelitian ini. Alat pengumpulan data berupa kuesioner, timbangan berat badan, microtois, media audiovisual dan glucometer. Analisa data dengan menggunakan uji t-paired untuk menguji perbedaan kadar gula darah antara sebelum dan sesudah senam, dan uji Mann-Whitney untuk menguji perbedaan penurunan kadar gula darah pada kelompok yang berbeda. Sebagian besar responden adalah perempuan dengan usia diatas 55 tahun, tidak memiliki kebiasaan merokok dan mempunyai kategori IMT normal. Penurunan kadar gula darah antara sebelum dan setelah mengikuti senam rata-rata 16,783 pada kelompok Senam Siginjai, sedangkan pada kelompok Senam Diabetes rata-rata 18,083. Uji statistik menunjukkan adanya pengaruh signifikan dari Senam Diabetes dan Senam Siginjai (p-value 0.00) terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah. Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara kelompok Senam Siginjai dan kelompok Senam Diabetes (p-value 0,128) dalam hal kemampuan menurunkan kadar gula darah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa Senam Siginjai efektif untuk menurunkan kadar gula darah penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2.   Kata kunci : Diabetes; senam siginjai; gula; dara

Optimalisasi Penerapan Aktifitas Fisik dalam Mencegah Penyakit Tidak Menular di Masyarakat Kota Jambi

Upaya pencegahan penyakit tidak menular (PTM) di masyarakat diperlukan secara tepat. Pengendalian dan pencegahan PTM dilakukan dengan menerapkan gaya hidup sehat termasuk malakukan aktifitas fisik dengan menjaga kebugaran tubuh. Senang Siginjai merupakan aktifitas fisik olahraga yang dianjurkan selama 30 menit setiap hari. Adapun tujuan kegiatan untuk meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam mencegah penyakit PTM melalui pendekatan aktifitas fisik senam siginjai di wilayah kerja Puskesmasn Talang Banjar Kota Jambi. Selama kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini peran kader menjadi penting untuk membantu pelaksaanan senam di masyarakat. Pelaksanaan kegiatan meliputi pre-post test pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap aktifitas fisik, edukasi kesehatan dan senam bersama masyarakat. Kegiatan ini memperoleh hasil bahwa terjadi peningkatan pemahaman dan keaktifan masyarakat terhadap aktifitas fisik senam siginjai, serta diperoleh gambaran tingkat aktifitas fisik masyarakat dengan kategori sedang. Kegiatan pendekatan aktifitas fisik ini diharapkan dapat diterapkan dan dievaluasi secara berkelanjutan di wilayah kerja puskesmas Talang Banjar Kota Jambi

A Preliminary Technique for the Isolation and Culture of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma, Dumeril, 1858) Spermatogonial Stem Cell

This study was aimed to find a practical technique for isolation and culture spermatogonial stem cells from male brown trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma). Twelve wild juvenile male were obtained from Kılıç Trout Fish Farm (Kahramanmaraş, Turkey). The juveniles were taken alive to the aquaria unit and stored in a 1000-liter capacity fiberglass tank.  In order to identify the best size, age and testis structure of S.t. macrostigma for spermatogonial stem cell isolation and culture. Morphological and histological testis conditions were assessed. Fish were anesthetized with 0.04% 2-phenoxethanol. The surface of the fish was sterilized with 70% ethanol. Twelve fish were divided into two groups for enzyme digestion, and each group was divided into two replicates (three fish per replicate). Testis tissue of group one were digested by 0.25% trypsin- EDTA, and testis tissues of group two were digested by 0.05% trypsin-EDTA. At the end of the trial, first, the best age, size and weight of the male fish for spermatogonial stem cell isolation and culture were identified as 5+ month old, 12.13±1.5 cm, 19, 25±7.05 g respectively. Then, the highest spermatogonial stem cells were measured in the stage one and two of the testes. Finally, isolation and culture conditions were optimized for male S.t. macrostigma. Spermatogonial stem cell isolation and culture techniques were defined for fish in order to be used in surrogate reproduction technologies and gene transfer systems

THE EVALUATION OF CONVENTIONAL AND DIGITAL RADIOGRAPH FOR RADIOPACITY ASSESSMENT OF RESTORATIVE MATERIALS: -EVALUASI RADIOGRAF KONVENSIONAL DAN DIGITAL DALAM MENILAI RADIOPASITAS BAHAN RESTORASI

Radiopacity is an important characteristic for restorative materials as dentists have got different abilities in interpreting a lesion or caries in a radiograph. The enforcement of secondary caries diagnosis is a challenge for dentists because they often mistake the diagnosis for restorative materials with low radiopacity. This study aims to determine the differences in the average radiopacity values of certain restorative materials by using conventional and digital radiographs. Moreover, to know the right types of radiographs in distinguishing between radiopacity of certain restorative materials and radiodensity of secondary caries. This is an analytical descriptive study with cross sectional design. The sample was divided into 10 groups of 6, which is dental radiograph filled with glass ionomer cement, resin modified glass ionomer cement, nanofiller and micro hybrid composites as well as teeth with secondary caries which were obtained from conventional and digital radiographs. Next, conventional and digital radiographs were interpreted by observations of 5 dental specialists in which measurement was done by using Image J software to get the average radiopacity values of secondary caries and each restorative material. The results showed that the average radiopacity values for glass ionomer cement are 177.633 ± 6.465 and 187.879 ± 9.305, resin modified glass ionomer cement are179.498 ± 5.597 and 192.078 ± 11.006, composite nanofillers are 194.847 ± 4.952 and 184.401 ± 9.170, microhybridcomposites are 189.109 ± 4.251 and 179.585 ± 6.809, finally secondary caries are 161.772 ± 9.256 and 109.988 ± 7.684 for conventional and digital radiographs respectively. Then the data was analyzed by using T test with significance value of p <0.05. As a conclusion, this study shows no significant difference in the radiopacity of four restorative materials if compared between conventional and digital radiographs while digital radiograph shows significant difference between radiopacity values of restorative materials and secondary caries. Whereas, conventional radiograph does not show significant difference between restorative materials and secondary caries. Radiopacity is an important characteristic for restorative materials as dentists have got different abilities in interpreting a lesion or caries in a radiograph. The enforcement of secondary caries diagnosis is a challenge for dentists because they often mistake the diagnosis for restorative materials with low radiopacity. This study aims to determine the differences in the average radiopacity values of certain restorative materials by using conventional and digital radiographs. Moreover, to know the right types of radiographs in distinguishing between radiopacity of certain restorative materials and radiodensity of secondary caries. This is an analytical descriptive study with cross sectional design. The sample was divided into 10 groups of 6, which is dental radiograph filled with glass ionomer cement, resin modified glass ionomer cement, nanofiller and micro hybrid composites as well as teeth with secondary caries which were obtained from conventional and digital radiographs. Next, conventional and digital radiographs were interpreted by observations of 5 dental specialists in which measurement was done by using Image J software to get the average radiopacity values of secondary caries and each restorative material. The results showed that the average radiopacity values for glass ionomer cement are 177.633 ± 6.465 and 187.879 ± 9.305, resin modified glass ionomer cement are179.498 ± 5.597 and 192.078 ± 11.006, composite nanofillers are 194.847 ± 4.952 and 184.401 ± 9.170, microhybridcomposites are 189.109 ± 4.251 and 179.585 ± 6.809, finally secondary caries are 161.772 ± 9.256 and 109.988 ± 7.684 for conventional and digital radiographs respectively. Then the data was analyzed by using T test with significance value of p <0.05. As a conclusion, this study shows no significant difference in the radiopacity of four restorative materials if compared between conventional and digital radiographs while digital radiograph shows significant difference between radiopacity values of restorative materials and secondary caries. Whereas, conventional radiograph does not show significant difference between restorative materials and secondary caries

PERHITUNGAN STRUKTUR GEDUNG 7 LANTAI SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU KEPERAWATAN (STIK) MUHAMMADIYAH PONTIANAK

Seiring dengan berkembangnya ilmu pengetahuan maka peraturan yang mengatur tentang konstruksi bangunan juga terus diperbarui dengan menyesuaikan perkembangan zaman. Hal tersebut dapat terlihat pada peraturan terbaru yang menunjukkan bahwa Kota Pontianak termasuk dalam zona gempa ringan berdasarkan SNI 1726-2019 sehingga setiap bangunan di Kota Pontianak memerlukan perhitungan parameter gaya gempa agar tidak menimbulkan dampak kerugian yang besar. Maka dari itu akan dilakukan perhitungan struktur gedung 7 lantai Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Keperawatan (STIK) Muhammadiyah Pontianak dimana struktur yang digunakan adalah struktur beton bertulang dengan Sistem Rangka Pemikul Momen dan dibatasi hanya untuk perencanaan struktur atas bangunan (pelat lantai, balok, kolom) serta struktur bawah bangunan (fondasi). Analisis struktur dilakukan dengan bantuan program analisis struktur dengan dimensi struktur yang digunakan adalah pelat lantai dengan tebal 100 mm, balok induk 250/500 mm dan 300/600 mm, balok anak 200/400 mm, serta kolom K1 600×600 mm dan K2 D-600 mm. Gedung ini termasuk dalam KDS D sehingga sistem struktur pemikul gaya seismik yang digunakan adalah Sistem Rangka Pemikul Momen Khusus (SRPMK). Pada struktur tersebut terdapat ketidakberaturan horizontal tipe 5 atau ketidakberaturan sistem nonparalel. Berdasarkan hasil analisis perhitungan dalam merencanakan tulangan setiap komponen struktur sudah memenuhi persyaratan yang terdapat pada Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI).Kata Kunci: analisis struktur, sistem rangka pemikul momen khusus, struktur gedun

Pair of null gravitating shells II. Canonical theory and embedding variables

The study of the two shell system started in our first paper ``Pair of null gravitating shells I'' (gr-qc/0112060) is continued. An action functional for a single shell due to Louko, Whiting and Friedman is generalized to give appropriate equations of motion for two and, in fact, any number of spherically symmetric null shells, including the cases when the shells intersect. In order to find the symplectic structure for the space of solutions described in paper I, the pull back to the constraint surface of the Liouville form determined by the action is transformed into new variables. They consist of Dirac observables, embeddings and embedding momenta (the so-called Kucha\v{r} decomposition). The calculation includes the integration of a set of coupled partial differential equations. A general method of solving the equations is worked out.Comment: 20 pages, Latex file using amstex, some references correcte