Efetividade do serviço móvel de urgência (Samu): uso de séries temporais interrompidas

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desempenho do serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência (Samu) na região do Grande ABC, utilizando como condição traçadora o infarto agudo do miocárdio. MÉTODOS: A análise de séries temporais interrompidas foi a abordagem de escolha para testar efeitos imediatos e graduais da intervenção na população de estudo. A pesquisa compreendeu séries temporais mensais ajustadas da taxa de mortalidade hospitalar por infarto agudo do miocárdio no período entre 2000 e 2011. Os dados foram extraídos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade, usando a análise de regressão segmentada para avaliar o nível e tendência da intervenção antes e após sua implementação. Para fortalecer a validade interna do estudo, foi incluída uma região controle. RESULTADOS: A análise de séries temporais interrompidas mostrou redução de 0,04 mortes por 100.000 habitantes na taxa de mortalidade em relação à tendência subjacente desde a implantação do serviço de atendimento médico de urgência (p = 0,0040; IC95% -0,0816 – -0,0162) e uma redução no nível de 2,89 mortes por 100.000 habitantes (p = 0,0001; IC95% -4,3293 – -1,4623), ambos com significância estatística. Em relação à região controle, a Baixada Santista, a diferença da tendência do resultado entre desfecho de intervenção e controle pós-intervenção de -0,0639 mortes por 100.000 habitantes mostrou-se estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,0031; IC95% -0,1060 – -0,0219). Não podemos excluir confundimentos, mas limitamos sua presença no estudo incluindo séries de região controle. CONCLUSÕES: Embora a análise de séries temporais interrompidas tenha limitações, essa modelagem pode ser útil para a análise de desempenho de políticas e programas. Apesar de a intervenção estudada não ser uma condição que por si só implica na efetividade, a efetividade não estaria presente sem essa intervenção, que, integrada a outras condições, gera um resultado positivo. O Samu é uma estratégia cuja expansão precisa ser levada em consideração ao formular e consolidar políticas com foco nas urgências e emergências.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of the Mobile Emergency Medical Services (SAMU) in the ABC Region, using myocardial infarction as tracer condition. METHODS: The analysis of interrupted time series was the approach chosen to test immediate and gradual effects of the intervention on the study population. The research comprised adjusted monthly time series of the hospital mortality rate by myocardial infarction in the period between 2000 and 2011. Data were extracted from the Mortality Information System (SIM), using segmented regression analysis to evaluate the level and trend of the intervention before and after its implementation. To strengthen the internal validity of the study, a control region was included. RESULTS: The analysis of interrupted time series showed a reduction of 0.04 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants in the mortality rate compared to the underlying trend since the implementation of the Emergency Medical Services (p = 0.0040; 95%CI: −0.0816 – −0.0162) and a reduction in the level of 2.89 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants (p = 0.0001; 95%CI: −4.3293 – −1.4623), both with statistical significance. Regarding the control region, Baixada Santista, the difference in the result trend between intervention outcome and post-intervention control of −0.0639 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants was statistically significant (p = 0.0031; 95%CI: −0.1060 – −0.0219). We cannot exclude confounders, but we limited their presence in the study by including control region series. CONCLUSIONS: Although the analysis of interrupted time series has limitations, this modeling can be useful for analyzing the performance of policies and programs. Even though the intervention studied is not a condition that in itself implies effectiveness, the latter would not be present without the former, which, integrated with other conditions, generates a positive result. SAMU is a strategy that must be expanded when formulating and consolidating policies focusing on emergency care

Reforma Agrária: contribuições para o debate

A Reforma Agrária é uma politica secular que vem sendo tratada, no decorrer dos tempos, sob diferentes óticas. Conhecer e entender esta temática é de fundamental importância para poder ter uma postura fundamentada e analítica do tema. É ante isto que este texto, através de uma revisão conceitual e temporal de dados, objetiva contribuir com os debates sobre a Reforma Agrária (RA), especialmente Brasil. Espera-se, com isto, que o leitor se aproprie de mais conhecimentos que lhe permitam fazer uma reflexão criteriosa sobre este tema atual, de profundas bases históricas, mas que se ergue como uma importante variável promotora do desenvolvimento inclusivo

Occurrence of pests and diseases in cactus pear genotypes / Ocorrência de pragas e doenças em genótipos de palma forrageira

The objective was to evaluate the occurrence of pests, diseases and mortality rate in nine genotypes of cactus pear (Nopalea cochenillifera) destined for forage production. The genotypes were implanted in a complete randomized block design, with nine treatments and three replications. After 330 days of cultivation, the occurrence of pests and diseases and verification of plant mortality were carried out. Among all the pests and diseases observed in this experimental trial, the most prevalent disease regardless of the evaluated genotype was the anthracnose stain “Colletotrichum gloeosporioides” (49.20%) and the less frequent diseases were the resine “Dothiorella ribis” (6.87%) and soft rot “Erwinia carotovora” (2.58%). The only occurrence pest was the cochineal in scales “Diaspis echinocacti” (22.69%). The Texas (V13) and Negro Michoacan (F07) genotypes showed the highest occurrence of pests and diseases, from 50% of the total plants, followed by anthracnose stain and cochineal in scales. On the contrary, the genotypes Tamazunchale (V12) and California (V14) were not affected by any pest or disease. It was observed that the genotypes Nopalea Uruapan (V20) and Blanco San Pedro (V19), had a lower occurrence of pests and diseases, less than 20% of the total plants. The genotypes that presented the highest mortality rate were Texas (V13), Blanco San Pedro (V19) and Polotitlan (V09), with 80, 70 and 65% mortality rate, respectively. The genotypes Nopalea Uruapan (V20) and California (V14) had the lowest mortality rate (20 and 35%), respectively. The genotypes that were least affected by pests and diseases and had the lowest mortality rate are Tamazunchale (V12), California (V14) and Nopalea Uruapan (V20)

Multiple hepatic metastases of cardiac angiosarcoma

The differential diagnosis of hepatic focal lesions is challenging because the etiology can be inflammatory, infectious, and even neoplastic. A rare cause of metastatic liver nodules is cardiac angiosarcoma. We report a case of this tumor, which was diagnosed only after autopsy. A 26-year-old Caucasian man was admitted for progressive dyspnea and cough over the past 3 weeks. Physical examination showed only hypophonetic heart sounds. Laboratory analysis demonstrated anemia and elevated inflammatory markers, despite normal biochemical parameters and liver function. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed massive pericardial effusion. Abdomen computed tomography (CT) showed multiple hepatic nodules, the largest of which measured 3 cm, but the percutaneous biopsy revealed only lobular necrosis and perisinusoidal fibrosis without granulomas or neoplastic cells. During hospitalization, the patient had fever and night sweats with weight loss, and empiric treatment for extrapulmonary tuberculosis associated with corticosteroids was initiated. The outpatient follow-up revealed complete improvement of the pericardial effusion, but maintenance of the liver lesions. After 2 months of hospital discharge, the patient was readmitted with hemorrhagic shock due to bleeding liver lesions, which were evidenced by CT. Embolization of the right hepatic artery was performed, but the patient soon died. The autopsy revealed a primary cardiac angiosarcoma with multiple hepatic metastases, rupture of the Glisson’s capsule and laceration of the liver. The case shows how important and difficult the diagnosis of focal liver lesions is, since it may result in an unexpected fatal outcom

Multiple hepatic metastases of cardiac angiosarcoma

The differential diagnosis of hepatic focal lesions is challenging because the etiology can be inflammatory, infectious, and even neoplastic. A rare cause of metastatic liver nodules is cardiac angiosarcoma. We report a case of this tumor, which was diagnosed only after autopsy. A 26-year-old Caucasian man was admitted for progressive dyspnea and cough over the past 3 weeks. Physical examination showed only hypophonetic heart sounds. Laboratory analysis demonstrated anemia and elevated inflammatory markers, despite normal biochemical parameters and liver function. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed massive pericardial effusion. Abdomen computed tomography (CT) showed multiple hepatic nodules, the largest of which measured 3 cm, but the percutaneous biopsy revealed only lobular necrosis and perisinusoidal fibrosis without granulomas or neoplastic cells. During hospitalization, the patient had fever and night sweats with weight loss, and empiric treatment for extrapulmonary tuberculosis associated with corticosteroids was initiated. The outpatient follow-up revealed complete improvement of the pericardial effusion, but maintenance of the liver lesions. After 2 months of hospital discharge, the patient was readmitted with hemorrhagic shock due to bleeding liver lesions, which were evidenced by CT. Embolization of the right hepatic artery was performed, but the patient soon died. The autopsy revealed a primary cardiac angiosarcoma with multiple hepatic metastases, rupture of the Glisson’s capsule and laceration of the liver. The case shows how important and difficult the diagnosis of focal liver lesions is, since it may result in an unexpected fatal outcom

Multiple hepatic metastases of cardiac angiosarcoma

The differential diagnosis of hepatic focal lesions is challenging because the etiology can be inflammatory, infectious, and even neoplastic. A rare cause of metastatic liver nodules is cardiac angiosarcoma. We report a case of this tumor, which was diagnosed only after autopsy. A 26-year-old Caucasian man was admitted for progressive dyspnea and cough over the past 3 weeks. Physical examination showed only hypophonetic heart sounds. Laboratory analysis demonstrated anemia and elevated inflammatory markers, despite normal biochemical parameters and liver function. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed massive pericardial effusion. Abdomen computed tomography (CT) showed multiple hepatic nodules, the largest of which measured 3 cm, but the percutaneous biopsy revealed only lobular necrosis and perisinusoidal fibrosis without granulomas or neoplastic cells. During hospitalization, the patient had fever and night sweats with weight loss, and empiric treatment for extrapulmonary tuberculosis associated with corticosteroids was initiated. The outpatient follow-up revealed complete improvement of the pericardial effusion, but maintenance of the liver lesions. After 2 months of hospital discharge, the patient was readmitted with hemorrhagic shock due to bleeding liver lesions, which were evidenced by CT. Embolization of the right hepatic artery was performed, but the patient soon died. The autopsy revealed a primary cardiac angiosarcoma with multiple hepatic metastases, rupture of the Glisson’s capsule and laceration of the liver. The case shows how important and difficult the diagnosis of focal liver lesions is, since it may result in an unexpected fatal outcom

Saúde, reprodução e sexualidade nos tempos da COVID-19: memórias incorporadas das mulheres no Brasil

Objective: this study seeks to comprehend the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women\u27s lives and health, with a particular focus on sexual and reproductive health, and to reflect on sexual and reproductive rights and reproductive justice within the context of the health crisis. Methods: employing an online questionnaire featuring 113 objective questions and one open-ended question for free comments, the study gathered responses from 8,313 women. Out of these, 1,838 utilized the open question to articulate their experiences during the pandemic. The collected material underwent analysis using narrative and thematic approaches, along with memory construction techniques. Results: the findings indicate heightened challenges in accessing health services, particularly for sexual and reproductive health. The pandemic deepened inequities in the sexual division of labor, leading to increased domestic and professional workloads, economic insecurity, elevated tensions in affective-sexual relationships, greater exposure to violence, and notable repercussions on psycho-emotional health. These factors collectively influenced women\u27s health/illness experiences, sexual lives, and reproductive plans during the initial years of the pandemic. Conclusion: the intersection of the health crisis with a democratic crisis in rights has intertwined social and physiological factors into the historical and material experiences of women\u27s sexual and reproductive bodies. These experiences follow the trajectories of gender, race, and class-based precariousness and injustices. Women\u27s accounts contribute to the construction of a collective memory of the pandemic that is not necessarily uniform or linear. Beyond illustrating the present moment, these memories aid in understanding and addressing similar crises in the future. Received: 30/03/23|Review: 10/11/23|Accepted: 12/11/23Objetivo: comprender cómo la pandemia de COVID-19 afectó la vida y la salud de las mujeres, con énfasis en aspectos de salud sexual y reproductiva y reflexionar sobre los derechos sexuales y reproductivos y la justicia reproductiva, en el contexto de la crisis sanitaria. Metodología: se utilizó un cuestionario online con 113 preguntas objetivas y una pregunta abierta para comentarios libres al final. De 8.313 mujeres que respondieron el cuestionario, 1.838 relataron sus experiencias durante la pandemia, en este espacio abierto. Este material fue analizado mediante técnicas análisis de narrativa y temática y de construcción de memoria. Resultados: hubo aumento de las dificultades para acceder a los servicios de salud, especialmente de salud sexual y reproductiva, profundización de las inequidades en la división sexual del trabajo, con sobrecarga de trabajo doméstico y profesional, inseguridad económica, tensiones en las relaciones afectivo-sexuales y mayor exposición. a la violencia, e importantes repercusiones en la salud psicoemocional. Todos estos aspectos afectaron las experiencias de salud/enfermedad, la vida sexual, los planes y experiencias reproductivas, en los primeros años de la pandemia. Conclusión: en Brasil, en el solapamiento de la crisis sanitaria con la crisis democrática y de derechos, hechos sociales y hechos fisiológicos se mezclan y totalizan en la experiencia histórica y material de los cuerpos sexuales y reproductivos de las mujeres, siguiendo las líneas de fuerza de la precariedad y las injusticias. de género, raza y clase. Las narrativas de las mujeres contribuyen a la construcción de una memoria colectiva – no necesariamente unívoca y lineal – de la pandemia. Memorias que no sólo pueden ilustrar el momento presente, sino que también contribuyen a comprender y afrontar crisis futuras similares. Recepción: 30/03/23|Revisión: 10/11/23|Aceptación: 12/11/23Objetivo: compreender como a pandemia de COVID-19 afetou a vida e a saúde das mulheres, com ênfase nos aspectos da saúde sexual e reprodutiva, e refletir sobre os direitos sexuais e reprodutivos e a justiça reprodutiva no contexto da crise sanitária. Metodologia: utilizou-se questionário online com 113 perguntas objetivas e uma questão aberta para comentários. De 8.313 mulheres que responderam ao questionário, 1.838 relataram suas vivências durante a pandemia na questão aberta. Esse material passou por técnicas de análise narrativa e temática e de construção de memória. Resultados: evidenciou-se a ampliação das dificuldades de acesso a serviços de saúde, em especial de saúde sexual e reprodutiva; o aprofundamento das iniquidades na divisão sexual do trabalho, com sobrecarga de trabalho doméstico e profissional; a insegurança econômica; o tensionamentos das relações afetivo-sexuais e maior exposição à violência; e importantes repercussões na saúde psicoemocional. Todos esses aspectos afetaram as experiências de saúde e adoecimento; a vida sexual; e os planos e experiências reprodutivas nos primeiros anos de pandemia. Conclusão: no Brasil, na sobreposição da emergência sanitária com a crise democrática de direitos, fatos sociais e fatos fisiológicos se misturam e se totalizam na experiência histórica e material do corpo sexual e reprodutivo das mulheres, seguindo as linhas de força das precariedades e injustiças de gênero, de raça e de classe. Os relatos das mulheres contribuem para a construção de uma memória coletiva – não necessariamente unívoca e linear – da pandemia. Memórias que podem não apenas ilustrar o momento presente, como contribuir para o entendimento e enfrentamento de crises semelhantes futuras. Submissão: 30/03/23|Revisão: 10/11/23|Aprovação: 12/11/2