Second Nature Geography and Regional Income Disparities in Colombia

In this paper, we derive and estimate a New Economic Geography model for the Colombian departments.2 We first derive an econometric specification relating wages to a distance weighted sum of the volumes of economic activities of the surrounding locations. Them, we test our econometric specification with data for Colombian departments in the period 1975-2000. The empirical results confirm the theoretical predictions of our model, showing that second nature geography factors (access to consumer markets) are a key variable in explaining the spatial distribution of wages in Colombia.New Economic Geography, Spatial Structure of Wages, Market Access

Ichthyological ecoregions of Argentina

The Argentine Republic is situated in the southernmost portion of the American continent, occupying over 2,785,600 km2 not including the Antarctic territory. The country ranges from subtropical areas (21º46’S) to subantarctic regions (55º03’S), extending latitudinally over about 4,000 km. It possesses significant latitudinal and altitudinal variation (33º of latitudinal range, and heights from Bajo de San Julián in Santa Cruz province at 105 m below sea level, up to Mt. Aconcagua, 6,959 m over sea level), as well as two gradients of physical variability, extending in north-south and east-west directions. Owing to these features, the country presents a wide range of climates and soil types, being one of the countries with greatest diversity of biogeographical units (Lean et al., 1990, In: Bertonatti & Corcuera, 2000). There are four main hydrographic systems: Río de la Plata basin, the Atlantic and Pacific drainages, and several endorrheic systems. Within these basins, the ichthyofaunistic assemblage is well represented, with different magnitude in accordance with the different taxonomic groupings and regions considered. From an ichthyogeographic standpoint, and according to the works of Ringuelet (1975) and Arratia et al. (1983), Argentina is included in the Brasilic and Austral Subregions. The first of these is represented by two domains: the Andean Domain, comprising the southernmost portion of Titicaca Province, and the Paranensean Domain, including part of Alto Paraná and Paranoplatensean Provinces. The Austral Subregion is represented in Argentina by the Subandean-Cuyan and Patagonian Provinces. The present survey indicates that there are about 441 fish species in Argentina, distributed throughout the country; this number represents less than 10% of the total fish species occurring in the Neotropical Region. There is a recognizable trend of faunal impoverishment, both in North-South and East-West direction, reaching its maximum expression in the provinces of Tierra del Fuego (situated at approximately 52º30’S to 55ºS, and 65ºS to 68º50’W) and San Juan (approximately 28º50’S and 67ºW to 70º45’W), which have 4 and 5 fish species respectively. In north-south direction, one of the regional indicators of this phenomenon is the Salado river basin in Buenos Aires province, which constitutes the southern distributional boundary for the majority of the paranoplatensean ichthyofauna; 12 of the families occurring in the Paraná-Plata system are absent from this pauperized paranensean ichthyofaunal assemblage. Most of the continental fish fauna of Argentina belongs to the primary division of Myers (1949), while some elements are included in the secondary division and others in an amphibiotic or ‘marine penetration’ category. This ichthyofaunistic scope encompasses a wide range of morphological, biological, ecological and ethological types (benthic and pelagic, migrating and sedentary, haematophagous or parasites, annual species, inhabitants of plains or heights, estivation-adapted, etc.) inhabiting different regions within the national territory

Los encantadores en la segunda parte del Quijote

Los encantadores, hechiceros, magos –amigos o enemigos–, aparecen constantemente en la novela de Miguel de Cervantes, pero su papel va más allá de la del simple personaje: sobre todo en la segunda parte de la novela, publicada en 1615, son los encantadores los que, por arte de magia, comunican los distintos niveles diegéticos, creando la construcción en abismo que fascinó a grandes escritores del siglo XX.The enchanters, sorcerers, magicians –friends or foes–, constantly appear in the novel by Miguel de Cervantes, but its role goes beyond the simple character: especially in the second part of the novel, published in 1615, are the enchanters who magically communicate the different narrative levels, creating the mise en abîsme that fascinated great writers of the 20th century

The plurilingual competence in language teaching: analysis of a proposal of intervention for bachillerato

Due to the richness of the linguistic diversity of Europe, this dissertation focuses on the design of a proposal of intervention. This proposal looks to a plurilingual teaching in the higher secondary education courses. Plurilingualism has a range of transferable and adaptable competences that may guide students. The methodology used is based on a learning methodology where the student take a more active role in its own learning process as well as in that of their classmates. This methodology also aims to develop plurilingual competences within students as means of achieving social cohesion through the linguistic preservation promoted by plurilingualism.Departamento de Didáctica de la Lengua y LiteraturaMáster en Profesor de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanzas de Idioma

Progress toward scalable tomography of quantum maps using twirling-based methods and information hierarchies

We present in a unified manner the existing methods for scalable partial quantum process tomography. We focus on two main approaches: the one presented in Bendersky et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 190403 (2008)], and the ones described, respectively, in Emerson et al. [Science 317, 1893 (2007)] and L\'{o}pez et al. [Phys. Rev. A 79, 042328 (2009)], which can be combined together. The methods share an essential feature: They are based on the idea that the tomography of a quantum map can be efficiently performed by studying certain properties of a twirling of such a map. From this perspective, in this paper we present extensions, improvements and comparative analyses of the scalable methods for partial quantum process tomography. We also clarify the significance of the extracted information, and we introduce interesting and useful properties of the $\chi$-matrix representation of quantum maps that can be used to establish a clearer path toward achieving full tomography of quantum processes in a scalable way.Comment: Replaced with published version (only minor changes respect to the first version

Differential-demographic risk characterization in psychological emergencies: suicide attempt and other psychological consultations

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si los marcadores demográficos de riesgo sexo y edad caracterizan diferencialmente a intento de suicidio respecto de otros motivos de consulta psicológica en urgencias. Se analizaron los registros de casos asistidos psicológicamente por consultas referidas a urgencias en salud mental en el Servicio de Guardia del principal hospital polivalente de Jujuy, durante un cuatrienio. Los resultados sugieren que el sexo no es un marcador de riesgo diferencial - demográfico en pacientes asistidos por intento de suicidio. En cambio, con independencia del sexo, la edad como marcador demográfico de riesgo caracteriza diferencialmente a pacientes asistidos por intento de suicidio respecto de los que son asistidos por otros motivos de consulta psicológica en urgencias. La franja etaria 15-24 años caracteriza diferencialmente a los consultantes por intento suicida tanto femeninos como masculinos. Son necesarios más estudios para determinar características del riesgo suicida típicas de la casuística local.The aim of this study was to determine whether demographic risk markers sex and age differentially characterize suicide attempt from other psychological consultations in emergencies. Case records assisted due to psychological consultations in the Emergency Service of the main polyvalent hospital of Jujuy during a four-year period were analyzed. The results suggest that sex is not a differential - demographic risk marker in patients assisted by suicide attempt. On the other hand, irrespective of sex, the age as demographic risk marker differentially characterizes patients assisted by suicide attempt from those who are assisted by other psychological consultations in emergencies. The 15-24 age range differentially characterizes consultants by suicide attempt both female and male. Further studies are needed to determine characteristics of suicidal risk that are typical of local casuistry.Fil: López Steinmetz, Lorena Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Depto Docencia E Investigacion Hospital Psiquiatrico; Argentin

Innovación del valor en el servicio

La economía actual se ha trasladado en su mayoría de los productos a los servicios por los beneficios que este sector aporta en cuanto a la flexibilidad, productividad y capacidad de adaptación permanente a los factores del mercado, la competencia, el ambiente y el desarrollo tecnológico, este último, ha influenciado tanto al mercado como a las organizaciones proporcionando dinamismo a la economía y obligando a las compañías a permanecer innovando como único factor permanente del medio. Es así como la innovación de valor y los servicios se han aliado para desafiar los nuevos retos que presentan el mercado en su constante evolución y la competencia en su permanente crecimiento. En este ensayo se analizan los elementos que conforman el tema en cuestión a través de diferentes autores expertos en cada tema para obtener una idea en su aplicació

Buscando un nuevo lenguaje femenino: Elfriede Jelinek y Marlene Streeruwitz*

Two Austrian authors, Elfriede Jelinek, Nobel Prize winner in 2004, and Marlene Streeruwitz “the unknown writer from the Danube”, as she was termed by the theatre magazine Theater heute, are the leading exponents of the search for a different literary language in which the female voice can express itself. While Elfriede Jelinek experiments with language by introducing changes in phraseology and constant references to philosophy and the world of music, Marlene Streeruwitz uses a broken, fragmented language with unstructured* Este trabajo se enmarca dentro del Proyecto de Investigación “Traducción y recepción del teatro postdramático en lengua alemana” (GV06/395), financiado por la Generalitat Valenciana. sentences and her texts are more like musical scores than traditional literary texts. The aim of this paper is to put forward a linguistic analysis of both authors’ texts in order to demonstrate how, with their particular use of language, they attempt to break out of the limitations imposed by a tradition based on stagnant social structures. They paint a picture of today’s society marked by violence and war in which the boundaries between victims and tyrants are blurred.os autoras austriacas, Elfriede Jelinek, Premio Nobel 2004, y Marlene Streeruwitz “la desconocida del Danubio” –como la llamaban en la revista de teatro Theater heute– son los máximos exponentes en la búsqueda de otro lenguaje literario en el que la voz femenina pueda articularse. Si por un lado, Elfriede Jelinek experimenta con el lenguaje introduciendo modificaciones de fraseologismos y referencias constantes a la filosofía y al mundo de la música, Marlene Streeruwitz utiliza un lenguaje roto, fragmentado en el que las frases se desestructuran y sus textos se parecen más a partituras musicales que a textos literarios tradicionales. El objetivo de nuestra contribución será ofrecer un análisis lingüístico de los textos de ambas autoras para comprobar cómo finalmente tratan de reventar con su particular uso del lenguaje los límites impuestos por una tradición basada en estructuras sociales anquilosadas, reflejando, de este modo, un retrato de la sociedad actual impregnada por la huella de la violencia y de las guerras y en el que las fronteras entre víctimas y verdugos se diluyen

The future we want and incidences of fast fashion

La tendencia Fast Fashion o moda rápida es una novedad entre las grandes marcas del mundo de la moda, la cual consiste en cambiar la oferta de sus tiendas de ropa cada quince días, surtiéndola de nuevas colecciones en lapsos de tiempo muy breves y con precios asequibles al consumidor, lo que permite llegar a un público más amplio. Las consecuencias devastadoras para el planeta de esta tendencia de moda, se incrementa con la realización de procesos de acabados textiles, de gran impacto negativo en el agua del planeta.Abstract: Fast fashion is a new tendency between biggest world fashion marks. This one consists in changing their cloth shop offer every fifteen days, with a stock of new collections in less time than they usually use do it before. The fashion periods were known as spring - summer or the autumn - winter collections. Now they have been rethought to a changeable fashion. New products are taking place with more frecuency, at a more obtainable price to the consumer, which allows to a wider public to come. This fashion tendency produces critical and hurt consecuences in our planet and these consecuences had been increasing by the textile industry processes impact on the water resources. This article aims to think and analyze the problems growing up destroying our natural resources