Randomized in vivo evaluation of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy on deciduous carious dentin

The aim of this randomized in vivo study was to compare antimicrobial chemotherapies in primary carious dentin. Thirty-two participants ages 5 to 7 years underwent partial caries removal from deep carious dentin lesions in primary molars and were subsequently divided into three groups: control [chlorhexidine and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC)], LEDTB [photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) with light-emitting diode associated with toluidine blue solution and RMGIC], and LMB [PACT with laser associated with methylene blue solution and RMGIC]. The participants were submitted to initial clinical and radiographic examinations. Demographic features and biofilm, gingival, and DMFT/DMFS indexes were evaluated, in addition to clinical and radiographic followups at 6 and 12 months after treatments. Carious dentin was collected before and after each treatment, and the number of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus casei, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Atopobium rimae, and total bacteria was established by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. No signs of pain or restoration failure were observed. All therapies were effective in reducing the number of microorganisms, except for S. sobrinus. No statistical differences were observed among the protocols used. All therapies may be considered as effective modern approaches to minimal intervention for the management of deep primary caries treatment2010FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP#2010/07212-5; #2011/08392-

Traqueostomia no rato em crescimento: aspectos histológicos

PURPOSE: To compare morphologically three different types of tracheotomy in growing rats, applying microsurgical technique. METHODS: EPM-1 Wistar growing rats (n=57) weighing 88gm and aged 35 days were randomized in four groups, according tracheotomy incision type (longitudinal, transverse and tracheal segment excision), and sham group. Following intramuscular anesthesia with ketamine and xylazine, the trachea was exposed and incised, according to the group, and a hand-made endotracheal cannula was inserted into the organ, under sterile conditions. This cannula was removed after 7 days, and animals have been sacrificed 30 days later. Tracheas samples were submitted to histological study, stained by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome, evaluating fibrosis, inflammatory infiltrate and epidermoid metaplasia. RESULTS: There was more frequency of inflammatory infiltrate at the tracheal epithelium in the tracheal segment excision group (87%) compared to the longitudinal (40%) and transverse (36%) incision groups (p=0.009). Evaluating epidermoid metaplasia, tracheal segment excision and the longitudinal groups presented 33% and 40%, respectively, compared to 0% of the transverse group (p=0.03). Concerning to fibrosis, in a global comparison (p=0.1) among the three groups there was no difference, however, compared to the longitudinal group the transverse group showed lower level of fibrosis (p=0.04). Sham group did not present any relevant morphologic alterations and it was used as reference pattern. CONCLUSION: Taken together, our data show that tracheal segment excision promotes more epithelium aggression and transverse tracheal incision shows less morphologic alterations.OBJETIVO: Comparar os aspectos histológicos da cicatrização traqueal após diferentes tipos de traqueotomia nos ratos em crescimento, usando técnica microcirúrgica. MÉTODOS: Ratos EPM-1 Wistar (n=57), em crescimento, com peso médio de 88g e idade de 35 dias foram distribuídos randomicamente em quatro grupos de acordo com o tipo de incisão traqueal (longitudinal, transversa e com retirada de fragmento de anel cartilaginoso) e grupo simulado. Sob anestesia intramuscular (cetamina/xilazina), usando técnica asséptica, a traquéia era exposta e aberta, de acordo com o grupo, sendo introduzida uma cânula confeccionada em silicone. Esta cânula foi removida no 7º dia e após 30 dias os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia. As traquéias retiradas foram submetidas a estudo histológico, nas colorações H-E e tricrômico de Masson, avaliando-se fibrose, infiltrado inflamatório no epitélio traqueal e metaplasia epidermóide. RESULTADOS: Houve mais infiltrado inflamatório ao epitélio traqueal no grupo em que se retirou um segmento traqueal um (87%) comparado aos das incisões longitudinal (40%) e transversa (36%)(p=0,009). Avaliando a metaplasia epidermóide, os grupos com excisão de segmento traqueal e da incisão longitudinal apresentaram 33% e 40%, respectivamente, comparado a 0% do grupo com incisão transversa (p=0,03). No que se refere à fibrose, numa comparação entre os três tipos de incisão não houve diferença significante (p=0,1), entretanto, ao se comparar ao grupo de incisão longitudinal, o grupo da incisão transversa mostrou menor nível de fibrose (p=0,04). O grupo simulado não apresentou qualquer alteração histológica e foi utilizado como padrão de referência. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos dados mostraram que a incisão com excisão de segmento traqueal promove maior agressão epitelial e a incisão transversa apresenta menor grau de alterações histológicas.UNIFESP-EPMUNIFESP-EPM Department of SurgerySanta Casa Medical Sciences Faculty Department of PathologyUNIFESP-EPM Department of EpidemiologyUNIFESP, EPM, Department of SurgeryUNIFESP, EPM Department of EpidemiologySciEL

Tracheotomy in growing rats: histological aspects

PURPOSE: To compare morphologically three different types of tracheotomy in growing rats, applying microsurgical technique. METHODS: EPM-1 Wistar growing rats (n=57) weighing 88gm and aged 35 days were randomized in four groups, according tracheotomy incision type (longitudinal, transverse and tracheal segment excision), and sham group. Following intramuscular anesthesia with ketamine and xylazine, the trachea was exposed and incised, according to the group, and a hand-made endotracheal cannula was inserted into the organ, under sterile conditions. This cannula was removed after 7 days, and animals have been sacrificed 30 days later. Tracheas samples were submitted to histological study, stained by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome, evaluating fibrosis, inflammatory infiltrate and epidermoid metaplasia. RESULTS: There was more frequency of inflammatory infiltrate at the tracheal epithelium in the tracheal segment excision group (87%) compared to the longitudinal (40%) and transverse (36%) incision groups (p=0.009). Evaluating epidermoid metaplasia, tracheal segment excision and the longitudinal groups presented 33% and 40%, respectively, compared to 0% of the transverse group (p=0.03). Concerning to fibrosis, in a global comparison (p=0.1) among the three groups there was no difference, however, compared to the longitudinal group the transverse group showed lower level of fibrosis (p=0.04). Sham group did not present any relevant morphologic alterations and it was used as reference pattern. CONCLUSION: Taken together, our data show that tracheal segment excision promotes more epithelium aggression and transverse tracheal incision shows less morphologic alterations

Estudos dos casos suspeitos de malária importada, um Centro de Referência na região extra-Amazônica

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-08T14:01:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1914 bytes, checksum: 7d48279ffeed55da8dfe2f8e81f3b81f (MD5) claudio_ribeiroetal_IOC_2014.pdf: 1153155 bytes, checksum: 078d6375db2a0fc9965373a5115f0327 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Centro de Informação Estratégica em Vigilância em Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.No Brasil, 99, 8% dos casos de malária ocorrem na região amazônica, 83, 7% destes por P.vivax. Taxas de letalidade 70, 8 vezes maiores têm chamado a atenção das autoridades brasileiras. A baixa especificidade do quadro clínico inicial, sobreposto a outras doenças febris agudas e o risco potencial de malária grave representam um desafio extra nas regiões não-endêmicas. Objetivo: Estudar os determinantes de risco dos casos de malária importada na extra- Amazônia que expliquem as elevadas taxas de morbi-letalidade observadas. Método: Estudo retrospectivo dos 406 casos suspeitos de malária atendidos em Centro de Referência no Rio de Janeiro entre 2005 e 2010, que foi responsável pelo atendimento de 25% de todos os casos suspeitos do estado. Resultados: Dos 406 suspeitos, 115(28, 3%) foram confirmados. A distribuição segundo a espécie de Plasmodium: 72(62, 6%) P.vivax e 24(20, 8%) P.falciparum. Houve predomínio dos homens (68, 2%), a mediana de idade foi de 35 anos. Observou-se também uma escolaridade elevada (34, 8% com nível médio ou mais). A taxa de letalidade total foi de 1, 7%. Apenas 29, 1% dos casos foram investigados para malária nas primeiras 48h do início dos sintomas. Países da África/Ásia foram a provável fonte de infecção para 124(30, 5%), com uma OR= 23, 3 (IC: 6, 91-83, 5) para infecção por P.falciparum Conclusão: O crescimento econômico brasileiro aumentou a presença de empresas de mineração, construção e petróleo em áreas endêmicas, especialmente na África. Dois desafios são definidos para este cenário em regiões não-endêmicas: a dificuldade de diagnóstico preciso e tratamento da malaria potencialmente grave.In Brazil, 99.8% of malaria cases occur in the Amazon region; 83.7% of them are due to P. vivax. Malaria cases at extra-Amazon regions has a much higher case-fatality rate (70.8% higher), and this has drawn the attention of the Brazilian authorities. The low specificity of initial clinical presentation, overlap with other acute febrile diseases, and the potential risk of severe malaria represent an extra challenge for unaffected regions. Objective:Study the risk factors for the imported malaria at extra-Amazon regions that can explain the high rates of morbidity and mortality observed. Method: A retrospective study was carried out at a Reference Center in Rio de Janeiro, which was responsible for 25% of all suspected cases of malaria reported between 2005 and 2010. Results: Among 406 suspects, 115 (28.3%) were confirmed. The distribution according to species of Plasmodium was 72 (62.6%) P. vivax and 24 (20.8%) P. falciparum. Men predominated (68.2%) with a median age of 35 years. There was also a high level of scholarity (34.8% finished school or went to the college). The mortality rate was 1.7%. Only 29.1% of cases were screened for malaria 48 hours before the onset of symptom. Countries in Africa / Asia were the likely source of infection for 124 (30.5%), with an OR = 23.3 (CI: 6.91 to 83.5) for P. falciparum infection. Conclusion: The Brazilian economic growth has increased the presence of mining companies, construction and oil in endemic areas, especially in Africa. Two challenges are defined for this scenario in non-endemic regions: the difficulty of accurate diagnosis and treatment of potentially severe malaria

Fotocatálise heterogênea de enterococcus faecalis e pseudomonas aeruginosa desencadeada pela ação da luz UV e branca em espátulas com revestimento de nanopartículas TiO2 e Ag

Nanotechnology, the science of minuscule, has developed products which are able t o manipulate atoms and molecules that could be applied in the sterilization process of dental instruments. Objetives: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the self-cleaning action of TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles coating on dental instruments by the photocataliys process under UV and visible light irradiation. Material and method: Microbiologic tests were done using dental cement spatulas coated with TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles (one or three layers), and contaminated with 10 mcrl of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis, respectively. After contamination, they were exposed to ultraviolet light and visible light for 120 minutes. Next, they were transferred to and stored in test tubes with BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) and incubated in 35 to 37 °C. Checking times for bacterial growth and for control and retrieval tests were done at: 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Result: The Pseudomonas aeruginosa was inactive after 120 minutes of ultraviolet light irradiation, thus confirming the heterogeneous photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and Ag. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa was not inactivated under visible light irradiation and the Enterococcus faecalis was not inactivated under UV and visible light irradiation of the dental cement spatulas coated with TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles in the readings to 96 hours, showing bacterial growth. Conclusion: There were no influence of one or three layers of TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles coating of the spatulas in the results. The heterogeneous photocatalysis activity of TiO2 and Ag under UV light irradiation was confirmed for Pseudomonas aeruginosa but not under visible light. Enterococcus faecalis did not confirmed the photocatalytics activity of TiO2 and Ag under UV light irradiation and visible lights irradiation.Nanotecnologia, ciência do minúsculo, gera produtos capazes de manipular átomos e moléculas com aplicação no processo de esterilização de instrumentais odontológicos. Objetivo: Avaliar a ação autolimpante e esterilizante do processo de fotocatálise heterogênea desencadeado pela ação da luz UV e branca sobre o recobrimento de instrumentos odontológicos com nanopartículas de TiO2 e Ag. Material e método: Foram realizados testes bacteriológicos em espátulas odontológicas revestidas com nanopartículas de TiO2 e Ag (uma ou três camadas) e contaminadas com 10  mcrl dos microrganismos Enterococcus faecalis e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Após contaminação, as espátulas foram expostas à luz UV e branca por 120 minutos, transferidas para tubos contendo meio BHI e incubadas a 35-37 °C. Foram feitas leituras em intervalos de 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas para verificação do crescimento das bactérias e testes de controle e recuperação. Resultado: A Pseudomonas aeruginosa foi inativada após exposição de 120 minutos à luz UV, indicando a ocorrência do processo de fotocatálise heterogênea no recobrimento de nanopartículas de TiO2 e Ag das espátulas. A Pseudomonas aeruginosa não foi inativada pela exposição à luz branca e o Enterococcus faecalis não foi inativado pela exposição à luz UV e à branca nas espátulas de cimento odontológico recobertas com nanopartículas de TiO2 e Ag, nas leituras de até 96 horas, ocorrendo o crescimento bacteriano. Conclusão: Não houve influência do revestimento das espátulas com uma ou três camadas de nanopartículas de TiO2 e Ag nos resultados. A fotocatálise heterogênea da Pseudomonas aeruginosa foi confirmada pela exposição à luz UV da espátula com revestimento de TiO2 e Ag, mas não pela luz branca. A fotocatálise heterogênea do Enterococcus fecalis não foi confirmada tanto pela exposição do TiO2 e Ag à luz UV como à branca

Dengue fever and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection

SummaryGlobalization has increased both the number of emergent diseases and the diversity of co-infections, which could in turn mutually influence the pathogenesis of well-known infectious diseases. Here, we report the first series of chronic human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) patients co-infected with the dengue fever virus. As both of these diseases are immuno-mediated, we anticipated interference in the development of both diseases, with atypical clinical and laboratory parameter results. All the patients had classic dengue fever, and the main outstanding abnormality was leukopenia associated with lymphopenia. Although a mutual influence was expected, dengue fever did not affect the clinical course of HTLV-1 infection, and HTLV-1 proviral loads revealed unpredictable patterns of change