Chromosomal aberration frequency in lymphocytes predicts the risk of cancer: results from a pooled cohort study of 22 358 subjects in 11 countries

Mechanistic evidence linking chromosomal aberration (CA) to early stages of cancer has been recently supported by the results of epidemiological studies that associated CA frequency in peripheral lymphocytes of healthy individuals to future cancer incidence. To overcome the limitations of single studies and to evaluate the strength of this association, a pooled analysis was carried out. The pooled database included 11 national cohorts and a total of 22 358 cancer-free individuals who underwent genetic screening with CA for biomonitoring purposes during 1965–2002 and were followed up for cancer incidence and/or mortality for an average of 10.1 years; 368 cancer deaths and 675 incident cancer cases were observed. Subjects were classified within each laboratory according to tertiles of CA frequency. The relative risk (RR) of cancer was increased for subjects in the medium [RR = 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07–1.60] and in the high (RR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.16–1.72) tertiles when compared with the low tertile. This increase was mostly driven by chromosome-type aberrations. The presence of ring chromosomes increased the RR to 2.22 (95% CI = 1.34–3.68). The strongest association was found for stomach cancer [RRmedium = 1.17 (95% CI = 0.37–3.70), RRhigh = 3.13 (95% CI = 1.17–8.39)]. Exposure to carcinogens did not modify the effect of CA levels on overall cancer risk. These results reinforce the evidence of a link between CA frequency and cancer risk and provide novel information on the role of aberration subclass and cancer type

Relationship Between Anti-DFS70 Autoantibodies and Oxidative Stress

Background: The anti-DFS70 autoantibodies are one of the most commonly and widely described agent of unknown clinical significance, frequently detected in healthy individuals. It is not known whether the DFS70 autoantibodies are protective or pathogenic. One of the factors suspected of inducing the formation of anti-DFS70 antibodies is increased oxidative stress. We evaluated the coexistence of anti-DFS70 antibodies with selected markers of oxidative stress and investigated whether these antibodies could be considered as indirect markers of oxidative stress. Methods: The intensity of oxidative stress was measured in all samples via indices of free-radical damage to lipids and proteins such as total oxidant status (TOS), concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides (LPH), lipofuscin (LPS), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The parameters of the non-enzymatic antioxidant system, such as total antioxidant status (TAS) and uric acid concentration (UA), were also measured, as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Based on TOS and TAS values, the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. All samples were also tested with indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and 357 samples were selected for direct monospecific anti DFS70 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing. Results: The anti-DFS70 antibodies were confirmed by ELISA test in 21.29% of samples. Compared with anti-DFS70 negative samples we observed 23% lower concentration of LPH (P =.038) and 11% lower concentration of UA (P =.005). TOS was 20% lower (P =.014). The activity of SOD was up to 5% higher (P =.037). The Pearson correlation showed weak negative correlation for LPH, UA, and TOS and a weak positive correlation for SOD activity. Conclusion: In samples positive for the anti-DFS70 antibody a decreased level of oxidative stress was observed, especially in the case of samples with a high antibody titer. Anti-DFS70 antibodies can be considered as an indirect marker of reduced oxidative stress or a marker indicating the recent intensification of antioxidant processes

Analysis of the impact of sex and age on the variation in the prevalence of antinuclear autoantibodies in Polish population: a nationwide observational, cross-sectional study

The detection of antinuclear autoantibody (ANA) is dependent on many factors and varies between the populations. The aim of the study was first to assess the prevalence of ANA in the Polish adult population depending on age, sex and the cutoff threshold used for the results obtained. Second, we estimated the occurrence of individual types of ANA-staining patterns. We tested 1731 patient samples using commercially available IIFA using two cutoff thresholds of 1:100 and 1:160. We found ANA in 260 participants (15.0%), but the percentage of positive results strongly depended on the cutoff level. For a cutoff threshold 1:100, the positive population was 19.5% and for the 1:160 cutoff threshold, it was 11.7%. The most prevalent ANA-staining pattern was AC-2 Dense Fine speckled (50%), followed by AC-21 Reticular/AMA (14.38%) ANA more common in women (72%); 64% of ANA-positive patients were over 50 years of age. ANA prevalence in the Polish population is at a level observed in other highly developed countries and is more prevalent in women and elderly individuals. To reduce the number of positive results released, we suggest that Polish laboratories should set 1:160 as the cutoff threshold

Application of ionizing radiation in studies of biomarkers of individual susceptibility

Human biomonitoring, as a tool to identify health risk from environmental exposures, has gained increasing interest especially in the areas of cancer risk assessment and diseases treatment. Chromosome aberrations resulting from direct DNA breakage or from inhibition of DNA repair or synthesis, measured in peripheral blood lymphocytes, have been used successfully in the assessment of health risk associated to environmental genotoxic exposures. A faster but sensitive and reliable method for detection of DNA damage, or DNA repair capacity, might be crucial to many fields from molecular epidemiology and toxicology to preventive and clinical medicine. There are reports that results of DNA measures with the use of single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) correlate, on the one hand, with physical measures of genotoxins, and on the other hand, with cytogenetic damage that is a biomarker associated to the alteration of the health risk. This review is based on studies in which exposure to radiation was applied as a challenging treatment and DNA damage induced and repaired was analyzed with the use of the alkaline version of SCGE assay. Results from studies on susceptibilities and repair competence carried out in various groups of exposed workers, controls, and cancer patients (more than 700 donors) show variability between donors both in a response to challenging treatment and in the efficiency of repair process. Influences of the occupational exposures and factors depending on genotypes or life style on cellular capacities are observed. Discussed results suggest that study in vitro with the challenging cells by radiation exposure and measuring, with the SCGE assay, the DNA damage before and after repair, may develop a good biomarker of the individual susceptibility to various genotoxins and exposures (environmental, occupational, therapeutic). Such a biomarker may have a potential use in a molecular epidemiology and preclinical identification

[2+3]-Cycloadditions of diazoalkanes with imines of hexafluoroacetone and chloral

The reactions of N-arylimines 1 and 2 of hexafluoroacetone and chloral, respectively, with diazoalkanes at –60°C to room temperature led to the corresponding 4,5-dihydro-1H-[1,2,3]triazoles 4 and 5, respectively, in a regioselective [2+3]-cycloaddition. The structure of one example in each case has been established by X-ray crystallography. The thermal decomposition of these adducts yielded the corresponding aziridines, bearing two trifluoromethyl and one trichloromethyl group, respectively, at C(2)

Wykorzystanie systemów bioretencyjnych do zrównoważonego gospodarowania wodami opadowymi w obszarach uszczelnionych

The objective of the research was to look into the role that bioretention systems play in a decentralized management of stormwater runoff from the impervious areas. The study took place at a catchment of a low permeability and equipped with a combined sewer system. Two rainfall options were selected: actual rainfall intensity q = 105.65 dm3∙s–1∙ha–1 and a hypothetic rainfall with a probability of exceedance p = 10% and q = 40.7 dm3∙s–1∙ha–1. All calculations were carried out using the SWMM EPA program (storm water management model; Environmental Protection Agency). They have shown that the bioretention system reduces the cumulative flow rates by over 55% and the flood wave volume by over 54%. Moreover, it was found that, a precipitation pattern significantly influences runoff from the urban catchment.Celem pracy jest ocena możliwości zastosowania systemu bioretencyjnego jako metody zrównoważonego gospodarowania wodami opadowymi w zlewniach uszczelnionych. Analizy prowadzono w zlewni silnie uszczelnionej wyposażonej w kanalizację ogólnospławną. Przyjęto dwa warianty opadu: pierwszy z opadem rzeczywistym o natężeniu jednostkowym q = 105,65 dm3∙s–1∙ha–1 i drugi z opadem hipotetycznym o prawdopodobieństwie przewyższenia p = 10% i q = 40,7 dm3∙s–1∙ha–1. Wszystkie obliczenia przeprowadzono w programie SWMM EPA (storm water management model; Environmental Protection Agency). Analizy wykazały, że zastosowanie systemu bioretencyjnego umożliwia redukcję przepływu kulminacyjnego o ponad 55% oraz ponad 54% zmniejszenie objętości fali. Ponadto stwierdzono, że przebieg opadu w istotny sposób wpływa na kształtowanie się odpływu w zlewni zurbanizowanej