Guía práctica para la administración de redes de computadoras

En este trabajo se tratan algunos de los métodos con los que los administradores de redes pueden llevar a cabo de manera eficiente su labor. También se proporciona información de como defender las redes de los principales ataques de seguridad existentes. Para esto se empieza estudiando el departamento de sistemas en su totalidad, es decir, se describen los cargos, la forma de estructurar un buen departamento de sistemas y los perfiles que deben tener sus miembros. Esto se realiza con la intención de proporcionar al lector una idea del perfil de las personas que rodean al administrador de red para que con base a esto se conozca las fortalezas y capacidades que debe tener un buen administrador de red. Después se describe una metodología de administración de redes, empezando por su definición, y luego detallando todos los componentes que tienen que ver con la administración de redes: protocolos, aplicaciones de gestión, conceptos de seguridad y herramientas de control que verifican la integridad de los sistemas basados en Unix y en Windows. Por último se facilitan dos prácticas de laboratorio que ayudan a asimilar de una mejor manera los temas tratados en el documento. La primera trata sobre el protocolo SNMP, en ella se incluyen configuraciones, detalles técnicos y mecanismos de gestión en una topología de red que contiene routers Cisco. La segunda es una implementación RADIUS y TACACS+, los cuales son unos protocolos que proveen seguridad en los equipos de red Cisco. Entre las razones que motivaron la elaboración de este documento está que un buen porcentaje de los administradores de redes, no tienen respaldado de manera correcta y eficiente de sus sistemas. Dando con ello entrada para que usuarios con un mínimo de experiencia, o un aprendiz de hacker pueda vulnerar su sistema. Además en la actualidad son pocos los administradores que hacen un uso correcto de los programas de gestión de redes que existen, bien sea por falta de presupuesto, negligencia o carencia de información sobre su uso. Por último solo queda por esperar que este trabajo sea de gran ayuda, tanto a la comunidad académica de la Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar como a cualquier otra persona que necesite de un trabajo de investigación que trate sobre la administración de redes de computadoras

Affordable laparoscopic simulator to acquire basic skills in undergraduate surgery students

Background: The simulation emerges as an option that allows students to practice in a safe environment, all this in a scenario that resembles the real situation.Methods: We developed a prototype of a low-cost simulator that mimics the dimensions of the abdominal cavity and allows the undergraduate students to acquire the basic skills in minimally invasive surgery.Results: In the 10 competencies evaluated, statistically significant improvement was found in both groups being higher in the students who were trained by our simulator of laparoscopic surgery compared with students who attended surgeries and participated as seconds assistants, taking as reference a value of p ≤0.05.Conclusions: The simulation as new teaching strategy generates a real environment and scenarios that can be recreated in multiple occasions, being able to change depending on the objectives for the acquisition of skills. This simulator gives the user skills for more types of simulation as it progresses in its surgical training

Comparison of early complications using regular mesh versus Atramat® Neoflex 25 mesh in inguinal, umbilical and post incisional hernias

Background: Hernias are one of the most common reasons of primary health care with subsequent surgery and this has led to search new techniques to approach them. Comparing traditional techniques with polypropylene mesh versus one bioabsorbible mesh there has been a decrease in postoperative complications.Methods: 100 patients with inguinal hernia, umbilical and post incisional were surgically intervened and divided into two groups according to mesh material used. The patients were tracked for two months after surgery.Results: Traditional mesh was used to repair hernias in 50 patients and Atramat® Neoflex 25 mesh was used in the other half.  Two patients developed infection with traditional mesh and one patient using Atramat® Neoflex 25 mesh (p 0.558). Hernias recurred in 4 patients with traditional mesh compared with 0 patients with Atramat® Neoflex 25 mesh ( p.041 ) , seroma formation was found with a 6: 1 ratio, traditional mesh: Atramat® Neoflex 25 mesh ( p.050 ) and hematoma in a 2:1 ratio (p .558). The total of complications showed a total of 14 using traditional mesh and 3 with Atramat® Neoflex 25 mesh. The use of mesh made from absorbable materials is a better alternative to reduce chronic pain and recurrence due to its high biocompatibility.Conclusions: Using Atramat® Neoflex 25 mesh demonstrated a significant reduction of complications (recurrence and seroma formation) and length of hospital stay (2 days vs 1 day in abdominoplasty after surgery).   

Optics outreach activities with elementary school kids from public education in Mexico

This work shows the results obtained from the “O4K” Project supported by International Society for Optics and Photonis (SPIE) and the Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL) through its SPIE Student Chapter and the Dr. Juan Carlos Ruiz-Mendoza, outreach coordinator of the Facultad de Ciencias Fisico Matematicas of the UANL. Undergraduate and graduate students designed Optics representative activities using easy-access materials that allow the interaction of children with optics over the exploration, observation and experimentation, taking as premise that the best way to learn Science is the interaction with it. Several activities were realized through the 2011-2013 events with 1,600 kids with ages from 10 to 12; the results were analyzed using surveys. One of the principal conclusions is that in most of the cases the children changed their opinions about Sciences in a positive wa

Current perspective in the treatment of bile duct injuries

The laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered the gold standard for the treatment of benign gallbladder disease, which is associated with an increased incidence of biliary injuries. These types of injuries are multicausal, and anatomical variations or anatomical perception errors are the most common risk factors. The objective of this study is to describe the evolution in the management of bile duct injuries and actual, diagnostic tools, incidence, prognosis and treatment. A literature research about diagnosis and treatment of iatrogenic bile duct injuries as well as their impact on the incidence of morbidity and mortality, based on a 30-year period, was performed on Medline, Cochrane, Embase, MedScape and PubMed database, for all studies that met the eligibility criteria. A thorough quality assessment of all included studies was performed. Synthesis of the results was achieved by narrative review. The bile duct injury is a complication that requires a complex therapy and multidisciplinary management. Reconstruction and treatment techniques have been evolving. The selection of adequate treatment will impact on the patient´s quality of life. The results of the existing studies reporting on iatrogenic bile duct injuries are useful; because the iatrogenic bile duct injuries are complex alterations and constitute one of the most serious complications of a cholecystectomy and require a comprehensive approach, immediate repair, proper drainage and timely referral to adequate treatment to improve long-term prognosis. According to the literature review, currently there better treatments such as absorbable prosthesis, which improve the prognosis and patient´s quality of life, and represent less risk of complications in short/long term.

Acute abdomen secondary to dependent rectus sheath hematoma: a case report

The rectus sheath hematoma as a rare clinical entity and self-limited, resulting from the accumulation of blood within the sheath of the rectus abdominis, secondary to breakage the epigastric artery higher or lower, or direct damage by fiber tear of rectus abdominis muscle. Female patient, 37 years old, enters the service of emergencies by refer abdominal pain of sudden onset, diffuse, with 5 hours of evolution with irradiation to lumbar region ipsilateral. In the CT scan in single stage and with IV contrast, it was reported an asymmetry in the thickness of the muscles of the anterior wall at the expense of a lesion of occupying space dependent anterior rectus muscle, as diagnostic impression is concluded a intramuscular injury dependent of the right anterior abdominal straight; likely bruising of the sheath of the straight abdominal by what is being decided its income to operating room to perform surgical drainage and epigastric vessel ligation. for the general doctor, specialist and it is important to take into account the pathology, symptoms, diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for a hematoma dependent of the rectus abdominis muscle, due to the high percentage of error diagnosis in patients who are admitted to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain, because you can Confused with other abdominal pathologies, which shows the importance of an appropriate differential diagnosis, and treatment prescribed, which optimize and reduce unnecessary intervention as well as morbidity and mortality of this disease

Open radical nephrectomy for early treatment of renal cell carcinoma: a case report and review

We report the case of a 46-year-old male with no previous medical background. He complained of abdominal right-sided flank pain, spreading to ipsilateral flank, thermal hikes, hematuria, and positive giordano. The ultrasound found a 5 x 5 cm mass located in right kidney upper pole, which did not compromised renal capsule and presented a fresh bruise, suggesting a malignant tumor. Radical nephrectomy was satisfactory performed; sending the whole kidney to pathology and the patient was discharged within 72 hours. The histopathologic report concluded a conventional clear cell renal cell carcinoma tumor (5.5 x 4.8 cm) Fuhrman grade II, limited to the renal parenchyma. We concluded that the best treatment for this type of cancer is the radical nephrectomy even though you lose a part of the renal function. Radical nephrectomy guarantees the extraction of the whole tumor and avoids dissemination, one of the most common complications

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Gestión del conocimiento: perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 13

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 13 de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada, de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico. Con esta colección, se aspira contribuir con el cultivo, la comprensión, la recopilación y la apropiación social del conocimiento en cuanto a patrimonio intangible de la humanidad, con el propósito de hacer aportes con la transformación de las relaciones socioculturales que sustentan la construcción social de los saberes y su reconocimiento como bien público. El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 13, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro cuenta con el apoyo de los grupos de investigación: Universidad Sur del Lago “Jesús María Semprúm” (UNESUR) - Zulia – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero (UPTFAG) - Falcón – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Mérida Kléber Ramírez (UPTM) - Mérida - Venezuela; Universidad Guanajuato (UG) - Campus Celaya - Salvatierra - Cuerpo Académico de Biodesarrollo y Bioeconomía en las Organizaciones y Políticas Públicas (CABBOPP) - Guanajuato – México; Centro de Altos Estudios de Venezuela (CEALEVE) - Zulia – Venezuela, Centro Integral de Formación Educativa Especializada del Sur (CIFE - SUR) - Zulia – Venezuela; Centro de Investigaciones Internacionales SAS (CEDINTER) - Antioquia – Colombia y diferentes grupos de investigación del ámbito nacional e internacional que hoy se unen para estrechar vínculos investigativos, para que sus aportes científicos formen parte de los libros que se publiquen en formatos digital e impreso