Effect of an iron fortified milk on morbidity in infancy. A field trial

The effect of an iron fortified milk on gastrointestinal and respiratory illness was evaluated in a prospective longitudinal field trial in which infants were provided beginning at 3 and continuing through 15 months of age with, either iron fortified 15 mg Fe/l (n=53) or non fortified (n=47) milk. Gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms and signs were recorded daily. The mean incidence of diarrhea was 1.1 and 1.2 episodes per year per child in the fortified and non fortified groups, respectively. The figures per child/year for respiratory infections were 3.9 and 3.9 respectively. The results demonstrate that iron fortification at doses sufficient to significantly eradicate iron deficiency anemia is not associated with an increased incidence of gastrointestinal and respiratory illness. © 1987 Pergamon Journals Ltd

Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharidetetanus protein conjugate vaccine does not depress serologic responses to diphtheria tetanus or pertussisantigens when coadministered in the same syringe with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine at two four and

The safety and immunogenicity of a vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type b consisting of purified polyribosylribitol phosphate conjugated to tetanus toxoid (PRP-T) were evaluated in 277 Chilean infants who were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: Group A, PRP-T mixed with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine in a single syringe and given as a single inoculation in one arm and placebo in the other arm; Group B, PRP-T given in one arm and DTP in the other arm; Group C, DTP given in one arm and placebo in the other. Infants were immunized at 2, 4 and 6 months of age and examined daily for 4 days after each immunization. Serum PRP antibodies; tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis antitoxin; pertussis agglutinins; and antibodies to Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin were measured at baseline and 2 months after each dose. PRP-T was well-tolerated. After three doses of PRP-T vaccine 100% of infants attained PRP antibody concentrations ≥ 0.15 μg/ml and 96 t

Effect of supplementation with an iron-fortified milk on incidence of diarrhea and respiratory infection in urban-resident infants

To address the hypothesis that increased infectious morbidity is associated with iron supplementation, 783 randomly selected infants were provided with a powdered full fat cow's milk (non-fortified group). and 872 with a powdered acidified full fat cow's milk fortified with 15 mg of iron as ferrous sulfate (fortified group). All infants were followed from birth to 15 months of age with a monthly home visit by a nurse who recorded morbidity occurring during the previous 30 days. At 9 months of age, 15% of infants in each cohort were receiving breast milk only; data for these infants were segregated to make the third group. Episodes (mean ± SD) of diarrhea/infant/year were 1.06 ± 1.29, 1.14 ± 1.37, and 0.82 ± 1.04 for the fortified, non-fortified and breast-fed groups, respectively; the fortified and non-fortified bottle-fed groups had a very similar incidence of respiratory illness; 2.66 ± 2.07 and 2.74 ± 2.24 episodes/infant/year, respectively. The incidence of respiratory illness fo

Epidemiologic studies of Escherichia coli diarrheal infections in a low socioeconomic level peri-urban community in Santiago, Chile

The incidence of diarrhea due to six categories of diarrheogenic Eschenchia coli was determined in two pediatric cohorts in a low socioeconomic level community in Santiago, Chile, with access to chlorinated water. An age cross-sectional cohort of 340 children aged birth to 47 months was assembled. A newborn cohort was assembled by enrolling 10-12 newborns monthly for 12 months. Episodes of diarrhea were detected by twice weekly household visits. E. coli from stool cultures of cases and matched controls were hybridized with DNA probes specific for enterotoxigenic, enteroinvasive, enteropatho-genic, enterohemorrhagic, enteroaggregative, and diffuse adherence E. coli. Overall, the incidence of diarrhea was low (2.1 episodes/infant/year). Nevertheless, a putative E. coli enteropathogen was found in a large proportion of diarrheal episodes, particularly during the summer. In both cohorts, enterotoxigenic E. coli were important pathogens. Enteropathogenic E. coli were incriminated during th