Social influence processes on adolescents' food likes and consumption: the role of parental authoritativeness and individual self-monitoring

This cross-sectional study investigated how parents and friends influence adolescents’ food likes and consumption. 709 adolescent-parent and 638 adolescent-friend dyads completed a questionnaire, allowing us to compare target-parent and target-friend resemblances both on food likes and consumption, while distinguishing between cultural influence and dyadic unique influence. In addition, we identified two psychosocial predictors of resemblance, namely parenting style and adolescents' self-monitoring. As expected, results indicated that authoritative parenting style increased target-parent resemblance in food likes (directly) and consumption (indirectly), and self-monitoring orientation increased target-friend resemblance in food likes (directly) and consumption (indirectly). We also showed that target-friend resemblance was more culture-based than target-parent resemblance, suggesting that parental influence is more specific to the dyadic relation than is peer influence

The gender-based stereotype about food is on the table. Food choice also depends on co-eater's gender

Previous research has shown that different foods are stereotypically associated with gender and that eating in a role-congruent way fulfills an impression management function. On the other hand, other studies revealed that adapting one's food consumption to that of the co-eaters is a means to gain social approval as well. In the present study, we bridge these two distinct lines of research by studying what happens when the two norms (conforming to the gender-based stereotype and imitating the co-eater) conflict, that is with opposite-sex co-eaters. Results indicated that the tendency to match the co-eaters' supposed consumption generally appeared over and above one's gender-congruent choice. In addition, as expected, gender differences also emerged: while men were always willing to adapt to the co-eaters, women's intention to eat the feminine food was independent from the co-eaters' gender

Ingredients of gender-based stereotypes about food : Indirect influence of food type, portion size and presentation on gendered intentions to eat

The association between certain foods and masculinity or femininity has been widely discussed in different disciplines. However, extant research has yet to clarify which are the critical dimensions lending this gender connotations to food and thus impacting on the willingness to eat it. We present a study on the role of food type, portion size, and dish presentation as potential factors constituting the gender-based stereotype about food, and their indirect or mediated effect on the intention of men and women to eat certain feminine/masculine stereotyped foods. We manipulated the three features cited above in a 2 (food type: Caprese vs. hamburger) x 2 (portion size: small vs. big) x 2 (presentation: elegant vs. rough) full factorial design. Results confirmed a model of moderated mediation: the Caprese salad, the small portion and the elegantly presented dish (in respect to the hamburger, the big portion and the roughly presented dish) tend to be considered \u201cfeminine food\u201d, and thus women expressed a more pronounced intention to eat it than men. The implications of the \ufb01ndings for both theory and practice are discussed

The IRIS network of excellence: future directions in interactive storytelling

The IRIS Network of Excellence (NoE) started its work in January 2009. In this paper we highlight some new research directions developing within the network: one is revisiting narrative formalisation through the use of Linear Logic and the other is challenging the conventional framework of basing Interactive Storytelling on computer graphics to explore the content-based recombination of video sequences

Playing in or out of character: User role differences in the experience of Interactive Storytelling

Interactive storytelling (IS) is a promising new entertainment technology synthesizing preauthored narrative with dynamic user interaction. Existing IS prototypes employ different modes to involve users in a story, ranging from individual avatar control to comprehensive control over the virtual environment. The current experiment tested whether different player modes (exerting local vs. global influence) yield different user experiences (e.g., senses of immersion vs. control). A within-subject design involved 34 participants playing the cinematic IS drama "Emo Emma

Visualization of Patient Behavior from Natural Language Recommendations

The visualization of procedural knowledge from textual documents using 3D animation may be a way to improve understanding. We are interested in applying this approach to documents relating to patient education for bariatric surgery: a domain with challenging textual documents describing behavior recommendations that contain few procedural steps and leave much commonsense knowledge unspecified. In this work we look at how to automatically capture knowledge from a range of differently phrased recommendations and use that with implicit knowledge about compliance and violation, such that the recommendations can be visualized using 3D animations. Our solution is an end-to-end system that automates this process via: analysis of input recommendations to uncover their conditional structure; the use of commonsense knowledge and deontic logic to generate compliance and violation rules; and mapping of this knowledge to update a default knowledge base, which is used to generate appropriate sequences of visualizations. In this paper we overview this approach and demonstrate its potential

Effect of a fixed combination of nimodipine and betahistine versus betahistine as monotherapy in the long-term treatment of M\ue9ni\ue8re's disease: a 10-year experience

Despite an abundance of long-term pharmacological treatments for recurrent vertigo attacks due to M\ue9ni\ue8re's disease, there is no general agreement on the their efficacy. We present the results of a retrospective study based on a 10-year experience with two long-term medical protocols prescribed to patients affected by M\ue9ni\ue8re's disease (diagnosed according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium guidelines) who completed treatments in the period 1999-2009. A total of 113 medical records were analysed; 53 patients received betahistine-dihydrochloride at on-label dosage (32 mg die) for six months, and 60 patients were treated with the same regimen and nimodipine (40 mg die) as an add-therapy during the same period. Nimodipine, a 1,4-dihydropyridine that selectively blocks L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, has previously been tested as a monotherapy for recurrent vertigo of labyrinthine origin in a multinational, double-blind study with positive results. A moderate reduction of the impact of vertigo on quality of life (as assessed by the Dizziness Handicap Inventory) was obtained in patients after therapy with betahistine (p 0.05), whereas the fixed combination of betahistine and nimodipine was associated with a significant reduction of tinnitus annoyance and improvement of hearing loss (p < 0.005). It was concluded that nimodipine represents not only a valid add-therapy for M\ue9ni\ue8re's disease, and that it may also exert a specific effect on inner ear disorders. Further studies to investigate this possibility are needed

The [Tc(N)(PNP)]2+ metal fragment labeled cholecystokinin-8 (CCK8) peptide for CCK-2 receptors imaging: in vitroand in vivo studies

The radiolabeling of the natural octapeptide CCK8, derivatized with a cysteine residue (Cys-Gly-CCK8), by using the metal fragment [99mTc(N)(PNP3)]2+ (PNP3 = N,N-bis(dimethoxypropylphosphinoethyl)methoxyethylamine) is reported. The [99mTc(N)(NS-Cys-Gly-CCK8)(PNP3)]+ complex was obtained according to two methods (one-step or two-step procedure) that gave the desired compound in high yield. The complex is stable in aqueous solution and in phosphate buffer. In vitro challenge experiments with an excess of cysteine and glutathione indicate that no transchelation reactions occur, confirming the high thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness of this compound. Stability studies carried out in human and mouse serum, as well as in mouse liver homogenates, show that the radiolabeled compound remains intact for prolonged incubation at 37 degrees C. Binding properties give Kd (19.0 +/- 4.6 nmol/l) and Bmax (approximately 10(6) sites/cell) values in A431 cells overexpressing the CCK2-R. In vivo evaluation of the compound shows rapid and specific targeting to CCK2-R, a fourfold higher accumulation compared to nonreceptor expressing tumors

Increased expression of interleukin-22 in patients with giant cell arteritis

GCA is characterized by arterial remodelling driven by inflammation. IL-22 is an attractive cytokine which acts at the crosstalk between immune and stromal cells. We hypothesized that IL-22 might be induced in GCA and might be involved in disease pathogenesis