WHY NOT HAVING ANOTHER CHILD? THE ECONOMICS OF FERTILITY INTENTIONS FOR INDIVIDUALS AND COUPLES IN ITALY: A MIXED-METHOD APPROACH

La presente tesi è un contributo allo studio delle implicazioni economiche delle intenzioni di fecondità e all’analisi degli aspetti economici legati ai processi decisionali riproduttivi. Precisamente la tesi, composta da tre capitoli indipendenti e basata su dati Italiani, si focalizza su donne, su individui che vivono in coppia e sulle coppie. In particolare lo studio mira a comprendere: i) l'interazione esistente tra il mercato del lavoro (con un focus particolare sul ruolo del settore occupazionale femminile) e le preferenze per la formazione della famiglia; ii) le influenze della ripartizione dei ruoli domestici all’interno della coppia sulle intenzioni riproduttive; iii) le determinanti (all’interno delle coppie) dell’accordo/disaccordo circa l'intenzione di diventare genitori una seconda volta, e -per coppie che registrano un disaccordo- iv) le determinanti che spingono una donna a contrastare l’intenzione positive del suo partner per un secondo figlio. La tesi utilizza il mixed-method design, una strategia basata sull’analisi quantitativa dei dati nonché sull’analisi approfondita di interviste: questo approccio consente di studiare l'argomento da diverse prospettive e -grazie ai due metodi di ricerca -quantitativo e qualitativo- di approfondire le conoscenze del fenomeno di interesse.The thesis is a contribution to the study of the economic implications of fertility intentions and desires and of the economic aspects of the fertility decision making process. Precisely, it is based on three autonomous chapters and it aims at understanding: a) for women and for individuals within the couples the interplay between fertility and labour market preferences (with a particular focus on the role of women's sector of employment), and the influences that the (un)balanced division of domestic duties play on the intentions of becoming parents for another time in Italy; b) for couples living together the determinants of their (dis)agreement about the intention of becoming parents again; and c) for couples that disagree on future fertility plans, the determinants of female’s contrasting attitude towards her partners’ positive fertility intention. The dissertation uses a mixed-method design- a strategy based on survey data analysis as well as in-depth interviews analysis: this approach allows investigating the topic from different perspectives, by means of both quantitative and qualitative research methods in order to provide new insights into the phenomenon of interest

Bottom-Up Initiatives for Sustainable Mountain Development in Italy: An Interregional Explorative Survey

In recent years, citizen-led initiatives have emerged to complement top-down development policies, particularly to pursue sustainability objectives and benefit traditionally left-behind communities and places. Existing research on this phenomenon in Italian mountain areas suggests a primary emphasis on revitalizing the natural environment, preserving local culture and traditions, and delivering social services to address the absence of public facilities. However, there is still a lack of understanding regarding their profiles, key features, social and environmental impacts, and challenges at the national level. As part of a broader research project, this empirical work contributes to the literature on bottom-up sustainability-oriented initiatives in mountain regions by conducting an explorative interregional online survey. We gathered original data on 196 initiatives from the mountain areas of the Italian regions of Basilicata, Lombardia, Marche, Sicilia, and Veneto. The findings indicate that our sample shares common traits, visions, and values, making a positive contribution to the sustainable development of their respective territories. However, these initiatives must contend with internal and external challenges to enhance their resilience and impact. Importantly, the research may support policymakers at various levels in the design of public policies that harness the full potential of bottom-up initiatives, ultimately enhancing the development and sustainability of these lands

Does the Month of Birth Influence the Timing of Life Course Decisions? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Italy

Social scientists have observed for a long time a negative relationship between the time spent on education and the timing of family formation. Using data from the I.D.E.A. survey (2003), a birth-month experiment on a sample of 3000 young Italian adults is employed in order to explore whether a different month of birth leads to regular differences in life course decisions of young Italians. The results suggest that the “social” age, as determined by the school cohort, rather than the biological age, is an important determinant of the timing of demographic events during the transition to adulthood

Strategie di accelerazione per l’approssimazione del vettore di PageRank

Il seguente lavoro ha come obiettivo il confronto tra vari metodi finalizzati al calcolo del vettore di PageRank. Dopo aver enunciato le prime nozioni e introdotto il problema, la tesi si struttura in due parti : da un lato il vettore di PageRank è cercato attraverso la risoluzione di un problema agli autovalori, mentre dall'altro è calcolato come soluzione di un sistema lineare. In entrambi i casi siamo partiti dai metodi classici ricorrendo al metodo delle Potenze nel primo e al metodo di Jacobi nel secondo. Successivamente il nostro interesse si è spostato sul calcolo del vettore di PageRank atteso. Nel primo caso un’approssimazione di questo vettore è data da un' ottimizzazione del metodo delle potenze. Nel secondo caso, partendo da un nuovo metodo di ordine ridotto basato sull'algoritmo di Arnoldi, siamo arrivati alla conclusione che il metodo più adatto a risolvere questo problema sia una versione "restartata" di quest’ultimo algoritmo in quanto presenta un’occupazione di memoria e dei tempi di convergenza notevolmente inferiori a quelli degli altri metodi

Pharmacogenetics of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw.

An undesirable effect associated with bisphosphonates is osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). Case reports discussed ONJ development in patients with multiple myeloma or metastatic cancers receiving bisphosphonates as palliation for malignant bone disease. No causative relationship has been unequivocally demonstrated between ONJ and bisphosphonate therapy. To determine if a higher sensitivity to bisphosphonates could in part explain the development of ONJ, the segregation of A/C rs2297480 polymorphism of gene encoding for the farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FDPS) with ONJ was evaluated in a cohort of 68 Caucasian patients treated with zoledronic acid for multiple myeloma and metastatic mammary and prostate cancer. The AA and CC genotypes were highly differently distributed among ONJ patients and controls, matched for sex and type of malignant disease, with a positive correlation between AA carrier status and occurrence of ONJ (p=0.03) after 18-24 months of treatment. Because FDPS gene variants have been associated with bone morbidity, these pharmacogenetic association likely reflect the interaction of amino-bisphosphonates with germline sensitivity to drug actions, and might identify patients at highest risk to develop ONJ

Quale visione di sostenibilit\ue0 per i territori montani? Voce agli esperti

Declinare la sostenibilit\ue0 a livello locale significa considerare le caratteristiche di ogni territorio comprendendone le priorit\ue0, le necessit\ue0 e le ambizioni. Le montagne, spesso trascurate nelle programmazioni e direttive nazionali ed internazionali, sono luoghi in cui lo sviluppo sostenibile pu\uf2 e deve essere perseguito unendo le risorse naturalistiche e paesaggistiche con le potenzialit\ue0 economiche e sociali in esse racchiuse. Per riconoscere e valorizzare il ruolo attivo dei territori montani nel processo di localizzazione dei 17 Obiettivi di Sviluppo Sostenibile e nell\u2019implementazione del piano d\u2019azione proposto dall\u2019Agenda 2030 internazionale, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei ed il Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche dell\u2019Universit\ue0 degli Studi di Verona hanno organizzato l\u2019evento \u201cQuale visione di sostenibilit\ue0 per i territori montani? Un dialogo tra studiosi e abitanti\u201d. Il primo dei due appuntamenti ha ospitato in un webinar online contributi multidisciplinari di esperti di montagne. Il presente Workshop Brief fornisce una sintesi strutturata di questo evento

Leukocyte profiles and body condition of free-living Burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) from rural and urban areas

Species living in urban areas are exposed to novel and potentially stressful human perturbations. In response to the increasing number of stressors in these habitats, animals may manifest changes in their immune system, body condition and physiology. Many bird species are negatively impacted by urbanization, but other species survive and thrive in urban areas. The capacity to adjust the stress responses to the conditions of urban areas may play a key role to explain the success of bird species in this habitat. In this study, we compared indicators of stress and body condition in free-living Burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) inhabiting urban and rural areas. We calculated a scaled index of body condition, assessed leukocyte profiles and calculated the heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratios of chicks and adult Burrowing owl individuals. We found that the total white blood cell counts, the relative leukocyte count, and the H/L ratio were similar in owls from rural and urban areas, as well as their body condition. Chicks showed higher counts of white blood cells relative to adult owls, which may be associated with developmental stages and immune system activation processes. Here we provide the first Burrowing owl baseline data of leukocyte profile, one that can be used as a reference when developing future studies.Fil: Cavalli, Matilde. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Baladron Felix, Alejandro Victor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Isacch, Juan Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: D'amico, Veronica Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Bó, Maria Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentin