10 research outputs found

    Measles Epidemic In Brazil In The Post-elimination Period: Coordinated Response And Containment Strategies

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    The measles virus circulation was halted in Brazil in 2001 and the country has a routine vaccination coverage against measles, mumps and rubella higher than 95%. In Ceará, the last confirmed case was in 1999. This article describes the strategies adopted and the effectiveness of surveillance and control measures implemented during a measles epidemic in the post-elimination period. The epidemic started in December 2013 and lasted 20 months, reaching 38 cities and 1,052 confirmed cases. The D8 genotype was identified. More than 50,000 samples were tested for measles and 86.4% of the confirmed cases had a laboratory diagnosis. The beginning of an campaign vaccination was delayed in part by the availability of vaccine. The classic control measures were not enough to control the epidemic. The creation of a committee of experts, the agreement signed between managers of the three spheres of government, the conducting of an institutional active search of suspected cases, vaccination door to door at alternative times, the use of micro planning, a broad advertising campaign at local media and technical operative support contributed to containing the epidemic. It is important to recognize the possibility of epidemics at this stage of post-elimination and prepare a sensitive surveillance system for timely response. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd35131721172

    Avaliação inicial dos efeitos psico-pedagógicos dos Centros de Educação e Alimentação do Pré-escolar An initial assessment of the psycho-pedagogical effects of the CEAPE program

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    Foi avaliado o desenvolvimento sócio-psicomotor dos pré-escolares submetidos ao processo de recreação do Centro de Educação e Alimentação do Pré-escolar (CEAPE) quando comparados com um grupo controle da mesma comunidade, por meio de um Instrumento de Avaliação do Desenvolvimento do Pré-escolar (IADPE) organizado e pré-testado para este fim. Este instrumento mostrou-se sensível para avaliar as diferenças obtidas. Os pré-escolares foram também avaliados por uma "Escala de Comportamento". Tanto em uma avaliação fechada (IADPE) como numa avaliação mais influenciada por fatores subjetivos ("Escala"), revelaram-se diferenças significativas em favor das crianças que frequentavam o programa ("Ceapenses") em relação aos que não freqüentavam ("Não-Ceapenses"). Conjectura-se a provável ocorrência de dificuldades no processo de escolarização das crianças que não freqüentavam o programa.<br>The assessment of the socio-psycho-motor development of preschool children that participated in the CEAPE recreation program as compared to that of a control group of the same community, was carried out with the help of a set of tests prepared and pre-tested with that end in view. These preschoolers were also tested by the use of a behavior scale. In both areas of assessment CEAPE preschool children were seen to enjoy a considerable advantage over others. These results suggest that those children who do not attend CEAPE will probably face difficulties during their primary course

    Obesidade e a substituição de macronutrientes da dieta Obesity and diet macronutrients substitution

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    Os fatores envolvidos na gênese da obesidade não são conclusivos, incluindo o papel dos macronutrientes da dieta na suscetibilidade ao ganho de peso. O carboidrato pode ser considerado um componente importante na saciedade. Sua substituição pelo adoçante, reduz o valor energético da dieta, reduzindo a massa corporal. Os efeitos dos adoçantes sobre o apetite dependem da natureza e da densidade dos nutrientes consumidos simultaneamente. Não existem evidencias suficientes que mostrem que os adoçantes causam ganho de peso, mas seu uso pode resultar em compensação energética com alimentos ricos em lipídios. Os lipídios tendem a aumentar a densidade energética da dieta promovendo o superconsumo passivo de energia, além de apresentar baixa prioridade oxidativa, estando associado à baixa saciedade. Sua substituição tem sido relacionada à compensação da ingestão energética, principalmente por carboidratos. Um plano alimentar disciplinado deve incluir alimentos que reduzam a densidade energética da dieta, sem promoção do consumo alimentar.<br>The factors involved in obesity genesis are not conclusive, including the function of diet macronutrients concerning susceptibility of weight gain. Carbohydrate can be considered an important component in satiety. Its substitution for sweeteners decreases the diet caloric value, consequently decreasing body mass. The effects of sweeteners on appetite rely on nature and density of the nutrients that are consumed simultaneously with sweeteners. There are no sufficient evidences showing that sweeteners cause weight gain, but the use of sweeteners may result on energetic compensation with lipid-rich foods. Lipids tend to increase diet energetic density promoting high passive consumption of energy, besides its low oxidative priority, which is associated with low satiety. Lipid substitution has been related to caloric ingestion compensation, mainly for carbohydrates. A disciplined dietetic plan should include foods that decrease diet energetic density without increasing food consumptio
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