Is playing string or wind musical instruments a risk factor for temporomandibular dysfunction? A Systematic Review.

Aim. Medical problems specifically affecting professional musicians are commonly mentioned in the literature. The present study is aimed to evaluate, through a systematic review, the possible association between the practice of string with bow and wind musical instruments and the occurrence of TemporomandibularDysfunction (TMD). Methods. The search for articles was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs, Cochrane Library, and Open Gray databases, and there was no restriction on language or date of publication. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)guidelines were followed. The MeSH terms used were: “music”; “temporomandibular joint”; “temporomandibular joint disorders”; “temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome”; and “occupational diseases”. Cross-sectional studies, case-control, cohort and clinical trials were included that involved the practice of string with bow and wind musical instruments and the occurrence of Temporomandibular Dysfunction (TMD). Articles were previously selected by title and abstract. Qualitative evaluation was done through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results. The literature search identified 732 studies, of which 10 met the inclusion criteria, nine of them cross-sectional studies and one a clinical intervention study. The TMD prevalence ranged from 47.0% to 89.0%. Recruitment of participants took place in professional schools and orchestras, and in bands of professional musicians. All studies reported associations between TMD and the practice of musical instruments, and violinists presented higher prevalence rates when compared to other instrument groups

Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. An in vitro study.

Aim. To evaluate the antifungal potential of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) for Candida albicans(ATCC 90029), Candida albicans (CBS 562), Candida tropicalis (ATCC 705) and Candida tropicalis strains (CBS 94), as well as to analyze the possible mechanism of action of the oil through the addition of sorbitol to the culture medium. Methods. For the MIC determination, inocula were previously adjusted through spectrophotometry and 100?L were added to the wells of plates already containing the culture medium and 100?L of the serial dilutions of the oil, incubating them in aerobiosis for 24 hours, with subsequent staining by 1% TCT. For the MFC, 50?L of the supernatant from the MIC assay wells were dripped onto Petri dishes and incubated in aerobiosis for 24 hours. Tests were performed in triplicate and data analysed by descriptive statistics. Results. It was determined that the MIC for Candida albicans was 125 ?g/mL while MIC for Candida tropicalis was 250?g/mL, with the essential oil presenting fungicidal effect for both analyzed yeasts. Conclusion. The essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus does not act at the cellular wall level and demonstrated an antimicrobial effect on Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis, therefore acting as a fungicide

Oral Myiasis: etiology, diagnosis and treatment

A miíase oral é uma condição rara causada pela invasão dos tecidos por larvas de moscas. As manifestações clínicas da doença não são específicas e variam de acordo com a região do corpo envolvida. O tratamento consiste na remoção mecânica das larvas, porém o uso sistêmico de ivermectina tem sido recomendado. O autor faz uma revisão da literatura, enfatizando aspectos relativos à etiologia, diagnóstico e tratamento da miíase bucal e a importância do diagnóstico precoce e do seu conhecimento pelo cirurgião-dentista.Oral myiasis is a disease caused by the invasion of tissues by larvae of flies. Clinical manifestations of myiasis are not specific and vary according to the involved area of the body. The treatment is the mechanical removal of the maggots and recommendation of the use of systemic ivermectin. This paper makes a review of the literature, emphasizing etiological aspects, diagnosis and treatment of oral myiasis

Medidas para superar los impactos negativos del COVID-19 en la salud mental de los dentistas.

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PANORAMA OF ORTHODONTICS AFTER COVID-19: A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW

A new Coronavirus (2019-nCov, renamed SARS-CoV-2) was identified in the Chinese city of Wuhan in late 2019, and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, on March 11, 2020. As it is a highly infectious disease, major regional and national changes have been made, social isolation was recommended, which led to the interruption of various services, including elective dental treatments. This review aimed to identify the changes that occurred in the post-COVID-19 orthodontic practice scenario. For such, a search was made for articles published in the bibliographic bases PubMed, Scopus and SciELO, using the keywords “Orthodontics” and “Covid-19”. From the eligibility criteria, 11 articles were selected for analysis. It was found that social isolation impacted the scheduling of orthodontic appointments and patient’s anxiety about the duration of treatments. The use of teleodontology proved to be an ally in screening and in patient care. Preventive infection control must be adopted for safe orthodontic practice

Mental Health of Dentists during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Critical Literature Review

The effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals has become a concern, particularly among those who are in close contact with infected patients, including dentists. The aim of this critical literature review was to analyze the possible implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of dentists. This bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases, using the following search keywords “Psychiatry OR anxiety OR fear OR depression OR psychological distress OR mental health” AND “COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2” AND “Dentists OR dental practice. Original research publications that included data on the mental health status of dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic were included. Data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel 2016 for Windows and descriptively presented. Eleven publications were eligible for this review. All studies had cross-sectional design. Most of them used questionnaires created by study researchers (81.8%) and were carried out in Italy (45.5%). The number of participants ranged from 14 to 1,500. Effects on the mental health of dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic were observed, regarding fear of contamination, anxiety, concerns, stress, depression, job insecurity, subjective overload, perceived risk and feelings and emotions. It was concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic had negative impact on the mental health of dentists, with high prevalence of fear, anxiety and concern, among other psychological symptoms

CONSIDERATIONS ON ENDODONTIC CARE IN TIMES OF SARS CoV-2 PANDEMIC

The severe acute respiratory syndrome of the new coronavirus, SARS CoV-2, which became a pandemic, was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019. It can cause mild symptoms, but in some cases it can cause serious complications, leading to death. The disease spreads through aerosol droplets and has estimated incubation period between 2 and 14 days (a period in which the patient has high potential to infect other people). Endodontists have high risk of exposure to COVID-19 when compared to other health professionals, since most of the work involves the generation of aerosols and care for patients in emergency situations, such as symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, symptomatic apical periodontitis, acute apical abscess and traumatic dental injuries, is imperative. Thus, this critical review addresses considerations about endodontic care in times of pandemic, whose emergencies imply real need for treatment, as well as the care that must be adopted in order to minimize risks for both professionals and patients who seek the resolution of their clinical pain conditions

Mortalidade por causas externas em adultos no município de Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil = Mortality by external causes in adults in the city of Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil

Objetivo: analisar a mortalidade por causas externas em adultos em Campina Grande, Paraíba. Métodos: estudo observacional e retrospectivo, por meio da análise de dados secundários. O universo compreendeu 768 laudos cadavéricos de indivíduos com 19 anos ou mais, vitimados por causas externas no ano de 2005. Foram estudadas as variáveis sexo, faixa etária, horário e dia de ocorrência do acidente, intenção infligida pelo ato (se intencional ou não intencional) e tipo de causa responsável pelo óbito. Os dados foram analisados através do programa Epi Info e foi investigada a associação significativa entre as variáveis por meio do teste Qui-quadrado, considerando o valor para rejeição da hipótese nula de p<0,05. Em relação à força e direção das associações, utilizou-se a razão de chances ou odds ratio (OR) e intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95% . Resultados: o sexo masculino foi o mais acometido (88,5%), correspondendo a uma razão de 7,7:1. Em relação à idade, a maioria das vítimas tinha entre 19 e 28 anos (31,3%). A maioria dos óbitos ocorreu no período noturno (32,2%) e durante os finais de semana (39,65). Os principais agentes etiológicos foram os acidentes de transporte (35,5%) e as armas de fogo (24,2%), existindo associação positiva entre óbitos por arma de fogo e sexo (OR 2,33; IC95% 1,21-4,50). Conclusões: os homens com idades entre 19 e 38 anos constituem as vítimas mais freqüentes, sendo os acidentes de transporte e as armas de fogo os principais agentes etiológico

Características e distribuição das maloclusões em pré-escolares

This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and distribuition of malocclusion in 106 preschool children, with ages between 3 to 5 years, through na epidemiologic and cross-sectional study. At the clinical exam, it was verified the presence of overjet and overbite, anterior open bite (AOB) and posterior crossbite (PCB). The data were collected by an examiner (Kappa = 0,86), registered in standardized record, organized with Epi-Info and submitted to Qui-square and Fisher’s Exact tests. The malocclusion was diagnosed in 80.2%, not existing significant differences among the genders (p > 0.05). The overjet (49.1%) and AOB (45.3%) were the most frequent malocclusion. Severe degree of AOB was registered in 64.6% of the children, while PCB more frequently was the unilateral right (44.4%). It was observed that 73.6% of the children have one or more types of deleterious habits, being the pacifier the most frequent (65.4%). A positive association could be observed between deleterious buccal habits and the presence of AOB and PCB (p 0,05). A sobressaliência acentuada (49,1%) e a MAA (45,3%) foram as maloclusões mais freqüentes. A MAA de grau severo foi registrada em 64,6% das crianças, enquanto a MCP com maior freqüência foi a unilateral direita (44,4%). Observou-se que 73,6% das crianças possuíam um ou mais tipos de hábitos deletérios, sendo a sucção de chupeta o hábito mais freqüente (65,4%). Uma associação positiva pode ser observada entre hábitos bucais deletérios e a presença de MAA e de mordida cruzada posterior (p < 0,001). Face ao exposto, conclui-se ser elevada a prevalência de maloclusão nessas crianças, existindo uma forte associação positiva com a presença de hábitos bucais deletérios

Clinical Trials on COVID-19: What is Being Researched in the United States?

The emergence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in late 2019 has brought great challenges to public health worldwide and, to date, there is no specific approved therapeutic protocol. Therefore, this chapter will analyze types of intervention for use in patients with COVID-19 developed by American researchers from records made on the Clinical Trials platform. For the search strategy, keywords “COVID-19” in the “Condition or Disease” section and “United States” in the “Country” section were used. No filters were applied. Data were descriptively analyzed. In total, 1,182 studies were obtained, of which 496 met the eligibility criteria. Sample size ranged from 1 to 10,000 participants. Most studies involved the age group of 18–64 years (48.6%). As for design, randomized type (80.5%), parallel (75.6%), open designs (38.7%) and those with therapeutic purpose (88.3%) were more frequent. Most clinical trials used the two-arm trial (67.3%), researched drugs (64.8%), used placebo (55.2%) and were sponsored by pharmaceutical/biotechnology companies (35.4%). Clinical trials developed by American researchers on COVID-19 involve adult and elderly participants, with predominance of randomized, parallel and open design, for therapeutic purposes and mostly evaluated immunosuppressants or combinations of antivirals/immunosuppressants. The drugs and biological products Remdesivir, Baricitinib in combination with Remdesivir, Bamlanivimab and Etesevimab, REGEN-COV and COVID-19 convalescent plasma were also used, authorized for emergency use