EFEITOS DE DIFERENTES DOSES DE CREATINA ASSOCIADA AO TREINAMENTO DE FORÇA SOBRE PARÂMETROS HEMATOLÓGICOS

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação de creatina, com e sem saturação, sobre parâmetros hematológicos de indivíduos praticantes de treinamento de força. Foram selecionados 27 homens com idade média de 22,60 À 4,50 anos, massa corporal 72,67 À 11,44 kg, estatura 1,73 À 0,06 m, percentual de gordura 18,86 À 4,36, massa gorda 14,27 À 4,92 kg e massa magra 58,36 À 6,32 kg, divididos randomicamente em três grupos experimentais: Grupo Placebo (GP, n=9); Grupo Creatina com Saturação (GCSat, n=9) e Grupo Creatina (GC, n=9). Os exames hematológicos foram realizados antes e depois do programa de treinamento, bem como após as duas semanas de adaptação. Os seguintes parâmetros foram analisados: contagem de leucócitos totais, neutrófilos, eosinófilos, basófilos, monócitos, linfócitos, hemácias, hematócrito, hemoglobina, volume corpuscular médio, hemoglobina corpuscular média, concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média e plaquetas. Houve redução significativa de hemácias, hematócrito e hemoglobina no GCSat após o período de suplementação (-4,44%, -4,47% e -5,11%, respectivamente). Para os demais parâmetros avaliados não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos. Estes podem ser os primeiros indícios da existência de uma relação de dose-resposta para a suplementação de creatina

The distances covered by basketball referees in a match increase throughout the competition phases, with no change in physiological demand

It is crucial to know the demands on basketball referees, in different match periods (MPs) and phases of competition, for planning referee training and subsequent successful refereeing. To measure and evaluate the distance covered by referees in a match by measuring the number of interruptions, percentage of heart rate (%HR), and blood lactate concentration ([lac]) in different phases of competition and in different MPs. We studied the qualifying (QP), semifinal (SP), and final (FP) phases of a total of 12 matches (four matches in each phase) of the 2009-2010 Brazilian Basketball League. Distance covered, number of match interruptions, and referees' %HR and [lac] were analyzed. We compared the results between competition phases and between MPs (1st MP, 2nd MP, 3rd MP, and 4th MP). Regarding the distances covered, we observed significant differences (P < 0.05) in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd MPs between the FP and the other two phases (SP and QP) throughout the match, between each phase; in the 4th MP, a significant difference was found when comparing the QP and the other two phases. Comparing the periods within each phase, we found that a greater distance was covered in the 4th MP in relation to the 3rd MP during the FP. No significant differences were found among the remaining variables. The distances covered by referees in a basketball match increase throughout competition phases. This information is essential for planning of training and for the subsequent success of a referee.It is crucial to know the demands on basketball referees, in different match periods (MPs) and phases of competition, for planning referee training and subsequent successful refereeing. To measure and evaluate the distance covered by referees in a match by measuring the number of interruptions, percentage of heart rate (%HR), and blood lactate concentration ([lac]) in different phases of competition and in different MPs. We studied the qualifying (QP), semifinal (SP), and final (FP) phases of a total of 12 matches (four matches in each phase) of the 2009-2010 Brazilian Basketball League. Distance covered, number of match interruptions, and referees' %HR and [lac] were analyzed. We compared the results between competition phases and between MPs (1st MP, 2nd MP, 3rd MP, and 4th MP). Regarding the distances covered, we observed significant differences (P < 0.05) in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd MPs between the FP and the other two phases (SP and QP) throughout the match, between each phase; in the 4th MP, a significant difference was found when comparing the QP and the other two phases. Comparing the periods within each phase, we found that a greater distance was covered in the 4th MP in relation to the 3rd MP during the FP. No significant differences were found among the remaining variables. The distances covered by referees in a basketball match increase throughout competition phases. This information is essential for planning of training and for the subsequent success of a referee419319

Influência da força muscular no volume e na intensidade da atividade física diária de idosos

Reduction in the volume daily physical activity (VAF – number of steps) and in the intensity of daily physical activity (IAF- average walk velocity) are related with higher incidence of falls and increase of incidence of chronic diseases in elderly. However, the identification of factors which may increase the VAF and the IAF became essential, especially in this population. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of muscle strength in VAF and the IAF of older healthy elderly. It were recruited 18 participants, ten men and eight women, aged above 60 years old. The participants performed the one repetition maximal test (1-RM) and afterwards they used the triaxial accelerometer, during seven consecutive days, to measure the VAF and the IAF. To analyze the influence of muscle strength in the VAF and IAF a simple linear regression analysis was performed. It was not observed significant correlations between the muscle strength and the VAF (p = 0.93; r2 = −0.06), or between muscle strength and the IAF (p = 0.08; r2 = 0.17). In conclusion the muscle strength does not influence the VAF and IAF of healthy older adults.Diminuições no volume da atividade física diária (VAF - número de passos) e na intensidade da atividade física diária (IAF – velocidade média de caminhada) estão relacionadas com a maior incidência de quedas e aumento da incidência de doenças crônico-degenerativas em idosos. Portanto, identificar fatores que possam aumentar o VAF e a IAF torna-se essencial, principalmente para essa população. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a influência da força muscular no VAF e na IAF de idosos saudáveis. Foram recrutados 18 participantes (10 homens e oito mulheres), com idade acima de 60 anos. Os participantes realizaram o teste de uma repetição máxima (1-RM) e utilizaram acelerômetro triaxial durante sete dias consecutivos, para mensurar o VAF e a IAF. Para analisar a influência da força no VAF e IAF realizou-se uma análise de regressão linear simples. Não foram observadas correlações significantes entre a força muscular e o VAF (p = 0,93; r2 = −0,06), assim como, entre a força muscular e a IAF (p = 0,08; r2 = 0,17). Conclui-se que a força muscular não influencia o VAF e a IAF de idosos saudáveis

Obese with higher FNDC5/Irisin levels have a better metabolic profile, lower lipopolysaccharide levels and type 2 diabetes risk

Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. Subjects and methods: On the basis of a cluster study, middle-aged obese men (IMC: 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2) were divided into groups of higher and smaller levels of FNDC5/irisin. The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF&#945;), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. Results: The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p &lt; 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). Inverse correlations between FNDC5/irisin and body weight (r &#8722;0.46, p = 0.04), neck circumference (r &#8722;0.51, p = 0.02), free fat mass (r &#8722;0.49, p = 0.02), triglycerides (r &#8722;0.43, p = 0.05) and risk of developing T2DM (r &#8722;0.61, p = 0.04) were observed. Conclusions: These results suggest that higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men are related to a better metabolic profile and lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS, a potential inducer of insulin resistance61652453

Comparison of three equations for predicting the body fat by bioimpedance in young obese females || Comparación de tres ecuaciones para predicción de la grasa corporal por bioimpedancia en jóvenes obesas

A impedância bioelétrica (BIA) tem sido bastante utilizada para o monitoramento da composição corporal em indivíduos de diferentes idades e estados nutricionais. Entretanto, não se sabe qual das equações propostas para crianças e adolescentes é a mais recomendada para utilização em adolescentes com excesso de peso. Objetivo: Verificar a concordância dos métodos de BIA usando três equações diferentes com a absorciometria de raio-X de dupla energia (DXA), para análise da composição corporal de adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade. Participaram do estudo 27 adolescentes do sexo feminino, com sobrepeso e obesidade. Foram avaliados o percentual de gordura corporal (%GC), a massa gorda (MG) e a massa livre de gordura (MLG) por DXA e por BIA utilizando as equações propostas por Houtkooper, Schaefer e Deurenberg. ANOVA oneway, gráficos de Bland-Altman e o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse foram utilizados para comparação e verificação da concordância entre os métodos. A BIA utilizando a equação proposta por Houtkooper foi a única que não apresentou diferença estatística significativa na estimativa de %GC, MG e MLG em comparação ao DXA e apresentou boa concordância com o DXA na estimativa de %GC (-1,9 ± 3,29%), MG (1,5 ± 2,59 kg) e MLG (1,4 ± 2,60 kg), bem como boa reprodutibilidade para %GC (CCI = 0,81), MG (0,96) e MLG (0,89). As equações de Schaefer e de Deurenberg apresentaram menor concordância com o DXA, superestimando a MG e subestimando a MLG e apresentaram reprodutibilidade de moderada a baixa na maioria das medidas da composição corporal. Quando comparamos as três equações propostas para BIA com o DXA, verificamos que a equação proposta por Houtkooper foi a que melhor concordou com DXA e apresentou boa reprodutibilidade para estimar %GC, MG e MLG em adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade.214266270COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESSem informaçãoThe bioelectrical impedance (BIA) has been widely used for monitoring body composition of individuals of different ages and nutritional statuses. However, it is unknown which of the equations for children and adolescents is the most recommended to be used for adolescents who are overweight. Objective: To assess the agreement of the BIA method using three different equations with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for analysis of body composition in overweight and obesity. Twenty-seven female adolescents with overweight or obesity were included in this study. The percentage of body fat (%BF), fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were evaluated by DXA and BIA using the equations proposed by Houtkooper, Schaefer and Deurenberg. Oneway ANOVA, Bland-Altman plots and the intraclass correlation coefficient were used for comparison and verification of the agreement among the methods. BIA using the equation proposed by Houtkooper was the only one that showed no statistically significant difference in the estimating %BF, FM and FFM compared to DXA and showed good agreement with DXA in estimating %BF (-1.9±3.29), FM (1.5±2.59) and FFM (1.4±2.60) and good reproducibility for %BF (0.81), FM (0.96) and FFM (0.89). The Schaefer and Deurenberg equations showed less agreement with DXA, overestimating the MG and underestimating the FFM, and presented moderate to low reproducibility in most measures of body composition. When we compared the three equations proposed to BIA with DXA, we find that the Houtkooper equation was the best agreed with DXA and showed good reproducibility for estimate %BF, FM and FFM in female adolescents with overweight and obesity. || La impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA) ha sido bastante utilizada para el monitoreo de la composición corporal en individuos de diferentes edades y estado nutricional. Entretanto, no se sabe cuál de las ecuaciones propuestas para niños y adolescentes es la más recomendada para uso en adolescentes con exceso de peso. Objetivo: Verificar la concordancia de los métodos de BIA usando tres ecuaciones diferentes con la absormetría de rayos X de doble energía (DXA), para análisis de la composición corporal de adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad. Participaron en el estudio 27 adolescentes, del sexo femenino, con sobrepeso y obesidad. Fueron evaluados el porcentual de grasa corporal (%GC), la masa gorda (MG) y la masa libre de grasa (MLG) por DXA y por BIA utilizando las ecuaciones propuestas por Houtkooper, Schaefer y Deurenberg. ANOVA oneway, Bland-Altman y el coeficiente de correlación intraclase fueron utilizados para comparación y verificación de la concordancia entre los métodos. La BIA utilizando la ecuación propuesta por Houtkooper fue la única que no presentó diferencia estadística significativa en la estimativa de %GC, MG y MLG en comparación a DXA y presentó buena concordancia con el DXA en la estimativa de % GC (-1,9±3,29%), MG (1,5±2,59kg) y MLG (1,4±2,60kg), bien como buena reproductibilidad para %GC (CCI=0,81), MG (0,96) y MLG (0,89). Las ecuaciones Schaefer y de Deurenberg presentaron menor concordancia con el DXA, sobreestimando la MG y subestimando la MLG y presentaron valores de moderada a baja reproductibilidad en la mayoría de las medidas de la composición corporal. Cuando comparamos las tres ecuaciones propuestas para BIA en comparación al DXA, verificamos que la ecuación propuesta por Houtkooper fue la que mejor concordó con DXA y presentó buena reproductibilidad para estimar %GC, MG y MLG en adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad

Association between adiposity indicators, metabolic parameters and inflammatory markers in a sample of female adolescents

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between total and abdominal adiposity with metabolic parameters and inflammatory markers, in female adolescents. The sample consisted of 53 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years from a public school in Curitiba, Brazil. The adiposity indicators studied were body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), trunk fat mass (TKFM), total fat mass (TFM) and body fat percentage (BF%) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The metabolic and inflammatory parameters studied were systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), leptin, adiponectin and resistin. Eighty percent of WC variation, 87% of TKFM and TFM, and 73% of BF% were predicted by BMI variation. There was a significant positive correlation between all indicators of adiposity with SBP, DBP, insulin, HOMA-IR, CRP and leptin. Triglycerides were positively correlated with BMI and WC, and adiponectin correlated negatively with BMI. TNF-α, IL-6, glucose, total cholesterol, and high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not correlate to the studied variables. BMI showed a significant association with most of the parameters studied, and WC was slightly better than BMI to predict insulin resistance in this specific population.59432533

Efeito do exercício agudo de curta duração em leucócitos circulantes e linfócitos teciduais de ratos

Acute exercise sessions produce an immune system response, possibly leading to cessation, loss of continuity or performance decrement during the training period, caused by the increased upper respiratory infections (IVASs) susceptibility. Considering that lymphocyte cells have to fight infections and that sedentary subjects in poor physical condition should enroll physical programs of low intensity and volume, the aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of circulating leukocytes and lymphocytes as well as the mesenteric lymphocytes tissues, and the proliferative capacity of tissues lymphocytes in male Wistar rats submitted to acute sets of 5 and 15 minutes of low and moderate intensities. Results show leukocytosis and lymphocytosis in both groups 5 and 15 minutes of low and moderate intensities, increased tissue lymphocytes counting in the 5 minutes group of low intensity and in the 5 and 15 minutes groups of moderate intensity, in general, no alteration in the T cellular proliferative capacity, however with reduction in B lymphocytes in the 5 and 15 minutes groups of low intensity and in the 5 minutes of moderate intensity. The relevance and the clinical meaning of these alterations need to be well clarified for a better understanding of the complex triad: physical exercise, immunological responses and infections susceptibility after submaximal sets of short term.Sessões agudas promovem respostas no sistema imunológico, podendo acarretar desistência, não continuidade ou queda no desempenho nos programas de exercícios, pela aumentada susceptibilidade às infecções das vias aéreas superiores (IVASs). Considerando que os linfócitos desempenham funções no combate às infecções e que indivíduos sedentários com baixo nível de aptidão física, devam iniciar programas de treinamento com baixo volume e intensidade, o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a contagem de leucócitos e linfócitos circulantes e dos linfócitos teciduais mesentéricos, bem como a capacidade proliferativa dos linfócitos teciduais em ratos machos "Wistar" submetidos a sessões agudas de cinco e 15 minutos nas intensidades leve e moderada. Os resultados mostram leucocitose e linfocitose nos grupos cinco e 15 minutos em ambas as intensidades, aumentada contagem de linfócitos teciduais nos grupos cinco minutos leve bem como cinco e 15 minutos moderado, de forma geral, nenhuma alteração na resposta proliferativa celular T, porém com diminuição na resposta celular B nos grupos cinco e 15 minutos leve e cinco minutos moderado. A relevância e o significado clínico dessas alterações precisam ser mais bem esclarecidos para o melhor entendimento da complexa tríade: exercício físico, respostas imunológicas e susceptibilidade a infecções, após sessões submáximas de curta duração

Combined Physical Training Increases Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor Levels, But Not Irisin in People Living with HIV/AIDS

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(3): 1004-1017, 2021. This study evaluated plasma levels of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), irisin, and lactate in people living with HIV/AIDS who completed a combined physical training program. Nineteen HIV+ participants (age: 39.60 ± 10.96 years; carrier time: 7.75 ± 7.88 years; time of ART: 6.41 ± 5.93 years) performed strength/aerobic training (combined physical training) in the same session for 8 weeks and levels of BDNF, irisin, and lactate were assessed. BDNF (pg/mL) was higher post-CPT (Pre: 1258.73 ± 372.30; Post: 1504.17 ± 322.30; p \u3c 0.001). Irisin (ng/mL) showed no change (Pre: 115.61 ± 72.41; Post: 125.87 ± 81.14; p = 0.973). There was positive correlation between irisin and lactate (mmol/L) pre (r = 0.55, p = 0.04), and lactate values were higher in the group with the highest value of irisin (3.65 ± 0.69 x 2.82 ± 0.59, p = 0.02). Combined physical training results in increased basal BDNF in people living with HIV/AIDS, this finding suggests that increased concentration of BDNF may be associated with decreased chances of developing cognitive disorders or HIV-associated dementia. Further studies involving molecular mechanisms on this subject are necessary

Efeito de diferentes doses de nandrolona associado ao treinamento de força sobre o perfil fenotípico e área de secção transversa do músculo de ratos

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of different doses of nandrolone decanoate (ND) associated with Strength Training (ST) on the phenotype of fibers and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) in Wistar rats. The animals were divided into seven groups: control (CG) and the groups according to the dose of ND administered (0,1, 1, 2, 5, 10 e 20 mg/kg). The ST consisted of water jumping with loads of 50-70% of their body mass, three times per week during five weeks. The association of ST with ND promoted a modulatory role on the muscle fiber types. There was a hypertrophy of fast twitch fibers (type II) as compared with slow twitch (type I). In conclusion, although the association of ST with ND increased muscle CSA and modified fiber phenotype, there was no additional effect of higher doses.O presente estudo avaliou a influência de diferentes doses de decanoato de nandrolona (DN) associado ao Treinamento de Força (TF) sobre o fenótipo de fibras e área de secção transversa (AST) do músculo extensor longo dos dedos (EDL) em ratos "Wistar". Os animais foram divididos em sete grupos: controle (GC) e grupos de acordo com a concentração de DN (0,1, 1, 2, 5, 10 e 20 mg/kg) administrada intramuscular 3 vezes/semana. O TF consistiu de saltos em meio líquido (carga 50-70% do peso corporal) 3x/semana, durante cinco semanas. A associação do TF e DN promoveu ação modulatória sobre os tipos de fibras. Houve hipertrofia das fibras de contração rápida (tipo II) em comparação com as fibras de contração lenta (tipo I). Em conclusão, apesar da associação do TF com DN aumentar a AST muscular e alterar o fenótipo das fibras, não houve efeito gradual das doses mais altas