1,474 research outputs found
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Examining the association of changes in minimum wage with health across race/ethnicity and gender in the United States.
BackgroundThe minimum wage creates both winners (through wage increases) and-potentially-losers (through job losses). Research on the health effects of minimum wage policies has been sparse, particularly across gender and among racial/ethnic minorities. We test the impact of minimum wage increases on health outcomes, health behaviors and access to healthcare across gender and race/ethnicity.MethodsUsing 1993-2014 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, variables for access to healthcare (insurance coverage, missed care due to cost), health behavior (exercise, fruit, vegetable and alcohol consumption) and health outcomes (self-reported fair/poor health, hypertension, poor physical health days, poor mental health days, unhealthy days) were regressed on the product of the ratio of the 1-year lagged minimum wage to the state median wage and the national median wage, using Linear Probability Models and Poisson Regression Models for dichotomous and count outcomes, respectively. Regressions (total population, gender-stratified, race/ethnicity stratified (white, black, Latino), gender/race/ethnicity stratified and total population with interaction terms for race/ethnicity/gender) controlled for state-level ecologic variables, individual-level demographics and fixed-effects (state and year). Results were adjusted for complex survey design and Bonferroni corrections were applied to p-values such that the level of statistical significance for a given outcome category was 0.05 divided by the number of outcomes in that category.ResultsMinimum wage increases were positively associated with access to care among white men, black women and Latino women but negatively associated with access to care among white women and black men. With respect to dietary quality, minimum wage increases were associated with improvements, mixed results and negative impacts among white, Latino and black men, respectively. With respect to health outcomes, minimum wage increases were associated with positive, negative and mixed impacts among white women, white men and Latino men, respectively.ConclusionsWhile there is enthusiasm for minimum wage increases in the public health community, such increases may have to be paired with deliberate strategies to protect workers that might be vulnerable to economic dislocation. Such strategies may include more robust unemployment insurance or increased access to job training for displaced workers
Advanced superalloy protection systems evaluation Final report
Metalliding parameters developed for sequential deposition of manganese, aluminum, and tantalum alloys as protective coatings for superalloy
Commercialization of the land remote sensing system: An examination of mechanisms and issues
In September 1982 the Secretary of Commerce was authorized (by Title II of H.R. 5890 of the 97th Congress) to plan and provide for the management and operation of the civil land remote sensing satellite systems, to provide for user fees, and to plan for the transfer of the ownership and operation of future civil operational land remote sensing satellite systems to the private sector. As part of the planning for transfer, a number of approaches were to be compared including wholly private ownership and operation of the system by an entity competitively selected, mixed government/private ownership and operation, and a legislatively-chartered privately-owned corporation. The results of an analysis and comparison of a limited number of financial and organizational approaches for either transfer of the ownership and operation of the civil operational land remote sensing program to the private sector or government retention are presented
Linking Signatures of Accretion with Magnetic Field Measurements - Line Profiles are not Significantly Different in Magnetic and Non-Magnetic Herbig Ae/Be Stars
Herbig Ae/Be stars are young, pre-main-sequence stars that sample the
transition in structure and evolution between low- and high-mass stars,
providing a key test of accretion processes in higher-mass stars. Few Herbig
Ae/Be stars have detected magnetic fields, calling into question whether the
magnetospheric accretion paradigm developed for low-mass stars can be scaled to
higher masses. We present He I 10830 \AA\ line profiles for 64 Herbig Ae/Be
stars with a magnetic field measurement in order to test magnetospheric
accretion in the physical regime where its efficacy remains uncertain. Of the 5
stars with a magnetic field detection, 1 shows redshifted absorption,
indicative of infall, and 2 show blueshifted absorption, tracing mass outflow.
The fraction of redshifted and blueshifted absorption profiles in the
non-magnetic Herbig Ae/Be stars is remarkably similar, suggesting that the
stellar magnetic field does not affect gas kinematics traced by He I 10830 \AA.
Line profile morphology does not correlate with the luminosity, rotation rate,
mass accretion rate, or disk inclination. Only the detection of a magnetic
field and a nearly face-on disk inclination show a correlation (albeit for few
sources). This provides further evidence for weaker dipoles and more complex
field topologies as stars develop a radiative envelope. The small number of
magnetic Herbig Ae/Be stars has already called into question whether
magnetospheric accretion can be scaled to higher masses; accretion signatures
are not substantially different in magnetic Herbig Ae/Be stars, casting further
doubt that they accrete in the same manner as classical T Tauri stars.Comment: accepted to ApJ; 17 pages, 4 figures, 3 table
Magnetism, X-rays, and Accretion Rates in WD 1145+017 and other Polluted White Dwarf Systems
This paper reports circular spectropolarimetry and X-ray observations of
several polluted white dwarfs including WD 1145+017, with the aim to constrain
the behavior of disk material and instantaneous accretion rates in these
evolved planetary systems. Two stars with previously observed Zeeman splitting,
WD 0322-019 and WD 2105-820, are detected above 5 sigma and > 1 kG, while
WD 1145+017, WD 1929+011, and WD 2326+049 yield (null) detections below this
minimum level of confidence. For these latter three stars, high-resolution
spectra and atmospheric modeling are used to obtain limits on magnetic field
strengths via the absence of Zeeman splitting, finding B* < 20 kG based on data
with resolving power R near 40 000. An analytical framework is presented for
bulk Earth composition material falling onto the magnetic polar regions of
white dwarfs, where X-rays and cyclotron radiation may contribute to accretion
luminosity. This analysis is applied to X-ray data for WD 1145+017, WD
1729+371, and WD 2326+049, and the upper bound count rates are modeled with
spectra for a range of plasma kT = 1 - 10 keV in both the magnetic and
non-magnetic accretion regimes. The results for all three stars are consistent
with a typical dusty white dwarf in a steady-state at 1e8 - 1e9 g/s. In
particular, the non-magnetic limits for WD 1145+017 are found to be well below
previous estimates of up to 1e12 g/s, and likely below 1e10 g/s, thus
suggesting the star-disk system may be average in its evolutionary state, and
only special in viewing geometry.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables; accepted to MNRA
Preliminary lunar exploration plan of the Marius Hills region of the moon
Preliminary lunar exploration plan of Marius Hills region of moo
Quaternary pulse position modulation electronics for free-space laser communications
The development of a high data-rate communications electronic subsystem for future application in free-space, direct-detection laser communications is described. The dual channel subsystem uses quaternary pulse position modulation (QPPM) and operates at a throughput of 650 megabits per second. Transmitting functions described include source data multiplexing, channel data multiplexing, and QPPM symbol encoding. Implementation of a prototype version in discrete gallium arsenide logic, radiofrequency components, and microstrip circuitry is presented
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Giant mesenteric lymphatic malformation presenting as small bowel volvulus
Abdominal pain with bilious emesis is an ominous clinical presentation with many possible causes. We describe a previously healthy 4-year-old boy who presented with these symptoms and ultrasound findings of fluid throughout most of the abdominal cavity. Computed tomography imaging revealed a large cystic mass (21-by-13 cm) associated with a small bowel obstruction due to volvulus. A laparoscopic exploration was undertaken, revealing a large mass arising from the small intestinal mesentery and causing a segmental volvulus of the small bowel. Conversion to mini-laparotomy allowed reduction of the volvulus and segmental resection of the small bowel associated with a giant mesenteric lymphatic malformation. This case describes a rare cause of intestinal volvulus due to a mesenteric lymphatic malformation
Recent Decisions
Comments on recent decisions by Sidney Baker, John C. Castelli, John J. Cauley, Francis W. Collopy, Arthur B. Curran, Jr., Louis F. DiGiovanni, Francis J. Keating, William G. Mahoney, Jr., James D. Matthews, James W. Oberfell, John B. Palmer, Louis P. Peck, George Ratterman, Henry M. Shine, Jr., John G. Smith, James M. Wetzel, and Dale A. Winnie
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