Case study the shrimp export industry in Bangladesh

"By the end of the 1970s, the Bangladesh seafood processing industry had expanded rapidly. But sanitary facilities, technology adaptation, and adequate training did not keep pace. Shrimp exports suffered in the late 1970s, and the U. S. Food and Drug Administration placed seafood imports from Bangladesh under automatic detention. This was only the beginning of the export market problems arising from substandard product safety and quality that Bangladesh's shrimp industry faced over the next two decades. This case study illustrates the actions taken by Bangladesh, with the aid of external partners, to overcome substantial obstacles to participation in world shrimp markets." from TextFood safety ,food security ,trade ,health ,Export marketing ,

In-Plane Conductivity Anisotropy in Underdoped Cuprates in the Spin-Charge Gauge Approach

Applying the recently developed spin-charge gauge theory for the pseudogap phase in cuprates, we propose a self-consistent explanation of several peculiar features of the far-infrared in-plane AC conductivity, including a broad peak as a function of frequency and significant anisotropy at low temperatures, along with a similar temperature-dependent in-plane anisotropy of DC conductivity in lightly doped cuprates. The anisotropy of the metal-insulator crossover scale is considered to be responsible for these phenomena. The obtained results are in good agreement with experiments. An explicit proposal is made to further check the theory.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Micro-Rockets for the Classroom

Many people are fascinated with rocketry, as evidenced by hundreds of thousands of visitors to the Kennedy Space Center for Space Shuttle launches. Rockets demonstrate important basic principles of chemistry, engineering, and physics 1-5. Even model rockets are exciting to launch. Many physics teachers take advantage of this and use model solid fuel, 6 - 10 and water rockets 11-14 in their teaching activities. Scientific supply companies have responded to this interest and offer a range of equipment to investigate model rocket performance. 6,10,12,15 This note describes miniature solid fuel, or micro rockets, which are made from a single safety match, oil or paraffin, and aluminum foil. These micro-rockets have a range of up to 6 meters, and can be safely launched from a candle flame inside classrooms

Sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av förebyggandeomvårdnadsåtgärder mot trycksår och undernäring: - En litteraturöversikt

Background: There is an established correlation between malnutrition and development of pressure ulcers. The incidence of malnutrition among patients has increased in recent years despite that risk assessment instruments exist in the organisations. Pressure ulcers remain one of the most common adverse event with a negative impact on the patients’ quality of life and lack of patient-safety. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe nurses’ work on preventive measures against pressure ulcers and malnutrition. Method: The study was conducted as a literature review including 19 articles, published between 2008-2018, with quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods approaches. Searches were made in the PubMed and CINAHL databases. The articles were quality-reviewed, analyzed and compiled into a result. Results: Nurses appear to have positive attitudes to preventive measures towards pressure ulcers and malnutrition while the level of knowledge was generally low. Nurses valued their own clinical judgement high and felt that lack of time, high workload and severely ill patients constituted obstacles to adequate application of preventive measures. Organisational shortcomings emerged for the adequate use and implementation of risk assessment instruments. Lack of guidelines and work routines for preventive work could result in a deficient patient safety. Conclusion: The results show that the majority of nurses value nutrition in the preventive work but the level of knowledge and the application of measures were generally low. Introduction of guidelines could lead to increased knowledge and implementation of pressure ulcers and nutritional treatment in clinical work

Information theory analysis of Australian humpback whale song

Songs produced by migrating whales were recorded off the coast of Queensland, Australia, over six consecutive weeks in 2003. Forty-eight independent song sessions were analyzed using information theory techniques. The average length of the songs estimated by correlation analysis was approximately 100 units, with song sessions lasting from 300 to over 3100 units. Song entropy, a measure of structural constraints, was estimated using three different methodologies: (1) the independently identically distributed model, (2) a first-order Markov model, and (3) the nonparametric sliding window match length (SWML) method, as described by Suzuki et al. [(2006). “Information entropy of humpback whale song,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 119, 1849–1866]. The analysis finds that the song sequences of migrating Australian whales are consistent with the hierarchical structure proposed by Payne and McVay [(1971). “Songs of humpback whales,” Science 173, 587–597], and recently supported mathematically by Suzuki et al. (2006) for singers on the Hawaiian breeding grounds. Both the SWML entropy estimates and the song lengths for the Australian singers in 2003 were lower than that reported by Suzuki et al. (2006) for Hawaiian whales in 1976–1978; however, song redundancy did not differ between these two populations separated spatially and temporally. The average total information in the sequence of units in Australian song was approximately 35 bits/song. Aberrant songs (8%) yielded entropies similar to the typical songs

Identification of an Imidazopyridine-based Compound as an Oral Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader for Breast Cancer Therapy.

UNLABELLED: The pro-oncogenic activities of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) drive breast cancer pathogenesis. Endocrine therapies that impair the production of estrogen or the action of the ERα are therefore used to prevent primary disease metastasis. Although recent successes with ERα degraders have been reported, there is still the need to develop further ERα antagonists with additional properties for breast cancer therapy. We have previously described a benzothiazole compound A4B17 that inhibits the proliferation of androgen receptor-positive prostate cancer cells by disrupting the interaction of the cochaperone BAG1 with the AR. A4B17 was also found to inhibit the proliferation of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer cells. Using a scaffold hopping approach, we report here a group of small molecules with imidazopyridine scaffolds that are more potent and efficacious than A4B17. The prototype molecule X15695 efficiently degraded ERα and attenuated estrogen-mediated target gene expression as well as transactivation by the AR. X15695 also disrupted key cellular protein-protein interactions such as BAG1-mortalin (GRP75) interaction as well as wild-type p53-mortalin or mutant p53-BAG2 interactions. These activities together reactivated p53 and resulted in cell-cycle block and the induction of apoptosis. When administered orally to in vivo tumor xenograft models, X15695 potently inhibited the growth of breast tumor cells but less efficiently the growth of prostate tumor cells. We therefore identify X15695 as an oral selective ER degrader and propose further development of this compound for therapy of ER+ breast cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: An imidazopyridine that selectively degrades ERα and is orally bioavailable has been identified for the development of ER+ breast cancer therapeutics. This compound also activates wild-type p53 and disrupts the gain-of-function tumorigenic activity of mutant p53, resulting in cell-cycle arrest and the induction of apoptosis

Historical trends in Hg, Pb and Zn sedimentation in the central shelf area of Portugal

Temporal records of excess 210Pb, and the determination of major (Al and Ca) and trace elements (Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu and Hg) in two sediment box-cores, collected in the central area of the Portuguese shelf of North of the Nazaré canyon (offshore from the Lis River), allow evaluation of the deposition of various chemical elements normally associated with anthropogenic activities. In order to compensate for the natural sediment variability, heavy metal contents were normalised to Al. Temporal variations of Hg, Pb and Zn (Al-normalised) show an increasing trend since the beginning of the 1920’s, recording the development of industrial activities. Enrichment factors (EF) were calculated to estimate the level of contamination in these sediments. Mercury is the element with the highest average EF values (EF = 3), followed by Pb (EF = 1.5) and Zn (EF = 1.2). The results indicate that since 1991 64% of total Hg, 44% of total Pb and 24% of total Zn are derived from anthropogenic sources. The average anthropogenic fluxes of Hg, Pb and Zn (0.008, 3, 6 μg cm-2yr-1, respectively) for the last 40 years in a ca. 400 km2 deposition area represent a total accumulation of approximately 30, 12000 and 24400 kg per year of Hg, Pb and Zn, respectively. These results indicate that despite the high-energy conditions and the generally sandy nature of the Portuguese shelf sediments, it is possible to identify significant anthropogenic enrichments in some areas of sediment accumulation. These contaminants are not necessarily related to immediate sources but may instead indicate atmospheric and or marine transport from more distant sources.Los registros temporales del 210Pb en exceso, elementos mayores (Al y Ca), y elementos traza (Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu y Hg) de 2 box-cores procedentes de la plataforma continental al norte del cañón de Nazaré han permitido caracterizar depósitos de elementos químicos asociados a actividades antropogénicas. Los contenidos de metales pesados han sido normalizados con Al para compensar la variabilidad natural. La variación temporal de Hg, Pb y Zn, normalizados con Al, muestran un incremento desde el inicio de la década de 1920 reflejando el desarrollo de la actividad humana. El nivel de contaminación de los sedimentos ha sido calculado en base a Factores de Enriquecimiento (EF). Los valores medios más altos de FE son de mercurio (EF = 3), seguidos de plomo (EF = 1.5) y zinc (EF = 1.2). Los resultados obtenidos indican que a partir de 1991 el 64% del total de Hg, 44% del total de Pb y 24% del total de Zn son de origen antropogénico. La media para los últimos 40 años de los flujos de Hg, Pb y Zn (0.008, 3, 6 μg cm-2 año-1, respectivamente), en un área de deposición de aproximadamente 400 km2, se traduce en la acumulación de 30, 12000 y 24400 kg por año de Hg, Pb y Zn. Sin embargo, a pesar de las condiciones de alta energía y el carácter arenoso de los sedimentos de la plataforma continental portuguesa, se pueden identificar importantes enriquecimientos antropogénicos en depocentros de sedimentos, no relacionados con fuentes antropogénicas próximas pero que pueden indicar transporte marino y atmosférico de fuentes de contaminación distantes