Atypical STAT5B deficiency, severe short stature and mild immunodeficiency associated with a novel homozygous STAT5B Variant

STAT5B deficiency, a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe growth hormone insensitivity (GHI) and immunodeficiency, can manifest as fatal pulmonary complications. We describe atypical STAT5B deficiency associated with a novel homozygous frame-shift STAT5B variant [c.1453delG, p.(Asp485Thrfs*29)] identified in a young 17.6 yr old female subject who had severe postnatal growth impairment, biochemistries typical of GHI, an immune profile notable for hypergammaglobulinaemia and elevated B lymphocytes, and lack of pulmonary disease. Marked elevation of serum prolactin and pathologically diagnosed eczema were evident. In reconstitution studies, the STAT5B p.(Asp485Thrfs*29) was expressed although expression was reduced compared to wild-type STAT5B and a previously identified STAT5B p.(Gln368Profs*9) variant. Both truncated STAT5B peptides could not be activated by GH, nor mobilize to the nucleus. We conclude that an intact, func-tional, STAT5B is essential for normal GH-mediated growth, while expressed loss-of-function STAT5B variants may alleviate severe immune and pulmonary issues normally associated with STAT5B deficiency.Genetics of disease, diagnosis and treatmen

Genetic findings in short Turkish children born to consanguineous parents

IntroductionThe diagnostic yield of genetic analysis in the evaluation of children with short stature depends onassociated clinical characteristics, but the additional effect of parental consanguinity has not beenwell documented.MethodsThis observational case series of 42 short children from 34 consanguineous families was collected bysix referral centres of paediatric endocrinology (inclusion criteria: short stature and parentalconsanguinity). In eighteen patients (12 families, Group 1), the clinical features suggested a specificgenetic defect in the growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) axis, and a candidategene approach was used. In others (Group 2) a hypothesis-free approach was chosen (gene panels,microarray analysis, and whole-exome sequencing), further subdivided into 11 patients with severeshort stature (height <-3.5 SDS) and microcephaly (head circumference <-3.0 SDS) (group 2a), 10patients with syndromic short stature (group 2b) and were 3 patients with nonspecific isolated GHdeficiency (group 2c).ResultsIn all 12 families from group 1, (likely) pathogenic variants were identified in GHR, IGFALS, GH1, andSTAT5B. In 9/12 families from group 2a, variants were detected in PCNT, SMARCAL1, SRCAP, WDR4and GHSR. In 5/9 families from group 2b, variants were found in TTC37, SCUBE3, NSD2, RABGAP1,and 17p13.3 microdeletions. In group 2c no genetic cause was found. Homozygous, compoundheterozygous and heterozygous variants were found in 21, 1 and 4 patients, respectively.ConclusionGenetic testing in short children from consanguineous parents has a high diagnostic yield, especiallyin cases of severe GH deficiency or insensitivity, microcephaly, and syndromic short stature

Systematic genetic testing for recessively inherited monogenic diabetes: a cross-sectional study in paediatric diabetes clinics

Data availability: The datasets supporting the current study have not been deposited in a public repository due to institutional ethics restrictions but are available from the corresponding author on request.This is the final version. Available from Springer via the DOI in this record. AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Current clinical guidelines for childhood-onset monogenic diabetes outside infancy are mainly focused on identifying and testing for dominantly inherited, predominantly MODY genes. There are no systematic studies of the recessively inherited causes of monogenic diabetes that are likely to be more common in populations with high rates of consanguinity. We aimed to determine the contribution of recessive causes of monogenic diabetes in paediatric diabetes clinics and to identify clinical criteria by which to select individuals for recessive monogenic diabetes testing. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1093 children from seven paediatric diabetes clinics across Turkey (a population with high rates of consanguinity). We undertook genetic testing of 50 known dominant and recessive causes of monogenic diabetes for 236 children at low risk of type 1 diabetes. As a comparison, we used monogenic diabetes cases from UK paediatric diabetes clinics (a population with low rates of consanguinity). RESULTS: Thirty-four children in the Turkish cohort had monogenic diabetes, equating to a minimal prevalence of 3.1%, similar to that in the UK cohort (p = 0.40). Forty-one per cent (14/34) had autosomal recessive causes in contrast to 1.6% (2/122) in the UK monogenic diabetes cohort (p 10%) assisted the identification of the dominant (all p ≤ 0.0003) but not recessive cases (all p ≥ 0.2) in Turkey. The presence of certain non-autoimmune extra-pancreatic features greatly assisted the identification of recessive (p < 0.0001, OR 66.9) but not dominant cases. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Recessively inherited mutations are a common cause of monogenic diabetes in populations with high rates of consanguinity. Present MODY-focused genetic testing strategies do not identify affected individuals. To detect all cases of monogenic paediatric diabetes, it is crucial that recessive genes are included in genetic panels and that children are selected for testing if they have certain non-autoimmune extra-pancreatic features in addition to current criteria.Wellcome TrustRoyal SocietyNational Institute for Health Researc

Case report: maternal mosaicism resulting in inheritance of a novel GATA6 mutation causing pancreatic agenesis and neonatal diabetes mellitus.

Haploinsufficiency of the GATA6 transcription factor gene was recently found to be the most common cause of pancreatic agenesis, a rare cause of neonatal diabetes mellitus. Although most cases are de novo, we describe three siblings with inherited GATA6 haploinsufficiency and the rare finding of parental mosaicism.This article is freely available via Open Access. Click on the Additional Link above to access the full-text via the publisher's site

Low Omentin-1 Levels Are Related with Clinical and Metabolic Parameters in Obese Children

Objective: This is the first clinical study evaluating the relation of serum omentin 1 levels with anthropometric and metabolic parameters in obese children with a particular interest to identify the possible role of omentin 1 in childhood obesity and related metabolic disturbances

Serum nesfatin-1 and leptin levels in non-obese girls with premature thelarche.

Aim We aimed to investigate serum nesfatin-1 level in girls with premature thelarche (PT) and its relationship with anthropometric parameters and leptin, which are involved in the initiation of pubertal process

A novel mutation in steroidogenic factor (SF1/NR5A1) gene in a patient with 46 XY DSD without adrenal insufficiency

WOS: 000394547300016PubMed ID: 27135758Steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), also known as nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1 (NR5A1), is a member of orphan receptor subfamily and located on chromosome 9 (9q33). In 46, XY individuals with mutation of SF-1 gene, adrenal failure, testis dysgenesis, androgen synthesis defects, hypospadias and anorchia with microphallus, infertility can occur from severe to mild. We report a case of a 20-day-old male who is admitted to our clinic due to ambiguous genitalia. In this report, we describe a novel heterozygous c.814A > C (p.T272P) NR5A1 mutation in a patient with 46, XY DSD without adrenal insufficiency. We describe a novel missense mutation c.814A > C (p.T272P) in NR5A1 gene which had not previously been reported. Also this report highlights that the potential diagnostic utility of next-generation sequencing is an effective strategy versus Sanger sequencing to identify genetic mosaicism in clinical practice