\u3cem\u3eHistoire(s) de Catherine M.\u3c/em\u3e: Echoes of “O” and the Difference of “I” in \u3cem\u3eLa vie sexuelle de Catherine M.\u3c/em\u3e

This article compares Catherine Millet’s La vie sexuelle de Catherine M. (2001) to another work of erotic “fiction:” Pauline Réage’s Histoire d’O (1954). The scandal surrounding the publication of both works focused on the taboo subject of sexuality, and more significantly, on the role of the female author in writing such a graphic work. While Réage’s fictional account of one woman’s sexual experiences is told through a third-person narrator, Millet describes her own experiences in the first-person. However, the continual multiplication of this first-person narrator complicates a reading of her work that would presuppose that one is reading an autobiographical account. Instead, this contemporary work of “erotobiography” foregrounds woman’s quest for identity tied to sexuality

The Trail, 1921-05

https://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/thetrail_all/3675/thumbnail.jp

Algal blooms in the alpine: investigating the coupled effects of warming and nutrient deposition on mountain lakes

2019 Summer.Includes bibliographical references.While 20th century atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has been strongly linked to changes in diatom assemblages in high-elevation lakes, contemporaneous changes in other algae suggest additional causes. Using proxies preserved in lake sediments, we explored the origin and magnitude of changes in an alpine and subalpine lake from the end of the Little Ice Age in the 19th century to ca. 2010. We found dramatic changes in algal community structure. Diatom analyses revealed a pronounced shift from majority benthic to planktonic diatoms ca. 1950, coincident with the rise of atmospheric N deposition. Pigments representing benthic green algae have increased 200-300% since ca. 1950; diatom pigments suggest stable or slightly declining populations. Cyanophytes and cryptophytes are not abundant in the sediment record, but there has been a slight increase in some taxa since ca. 1950. While some changes began ca. 1900, the shifts in nearly all indicators of change accelerate ca. 1950 commensurate with many human-caused changes to the Earth system. In addition to N deposition, there have been marked recent increases in aeolian deposition to western mountains that contributes phosphorus. Strong increases in summer air (0.7 °C per decade) and surface water (0.2-0.5°C per decade) temperatures since 1983 have direct and indirect consequences for high elevation ecosystems. While our links between the causes of changes and the responses of mountain lake primary producers are inferred, the drivers and their responses are indicators of changes in the Earth system that have been used to define the Anthropocene. Algal communities (or assemblages) in historically unproductive mountain lakes are shifting, and these changes are taking place commensurate with increasing water temperatures and nutrient availability. However, the mechanisms promoting chlorophytes over bacillariophytes and the implications for ecosystem function are not well understood. We tested the effect of nutrient enrichment on the relative abundance of algal taxonomic groups in a field experiment. We also tested the interactive effects of nutrients and temperature on ecological function of chlorophyte-dominated benthic communities in a laboratory experiment. Nutrient enrichment of both nitrogen and phosphorus favored chlorophytes and led to the highest overall algal biomass. In the absence of nutrient enrichment, the relative abundance of bacillariophytes was significantly greater than chlorophytes and cyanobacteria. Nitrogen assimilation increased significantly, but net ecosystem production decreased, with warming temperatures. Collectively, our results show how chronic N deposition, permafrost thaw, P deposition, and a warming climate interact to alter both the structure and function of mountain lake algal communities. Climate change is altering biogeochemical, metabolic, and ecological functions in lakes across the globe. Historically, high-elevation lakes in temperate regions have been unproductive due to brief ice-free seasons, a snowmelt-driven hydrograph, cold temperatures, and steep topography with low vegetation and soil cover. Observed increases in high elevation lake productivity in the Southern Rocky Mountains over the past decade led us to ask: what are the drivers behind increasing primary productivity? We tested the relative importance of winter and summer weather, watershed characteristics, and water chemistry as drivers of phytoplankton dynamics. Boosted regression tree models were applied using data from 28 high-elevation lakes in Colorado to examine spatial, intra-seasonal, and inter-annual drivers of variability in lake phytoplankton, using chlorophyll a as a proxy. Similar to previous studies, we found that phytoplankton biomass was inversely related to the maximum snow water equivalent (SWE) of the previous winter. However, even in years with average SWE, summer precipitation extremes and warming enhanced phytoplankton biomass. Peak phytoplankton biomass consistently coincided with the warmest water temperatures and lowest nitrogen to phosphorus ratios. While links between declining snowpack, lake temperature, nutrients, and organic matter dynamics are increasingly recognized as critical drivers of change in high elevation lakes, this study identifies additional processes that will influence lake productivity as the climate continues to change. Continued changes in the timing, type, and magnitude of precipitation in combination with other global change drivers (e.g., nutrient deposition) may have consequences for production in high elevation lakes, potentially shifting these historically oligotrophic lakes toward new ecosystem states

Ophthalmic outcomes following neonatal hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy; oculomotor, biometric and refractive data in early childhood

Objectives: To investigate the functional and structural impact of neonatal hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) on childhood visual development. Methods: In a prospective study, the neurocognitive outcomes of 42 children with a history of neonatal HIE were assessed serially up to 5 years. For the ophthalmic component of the study, visual, refractive, orthoptic and ocular biometry measurements were obtained in 32 children, with axial length measurements estimated using the IOLMaster. Results: For the 32 children who completed the ophthalmic component of the study, severity of HIE grade was determined to be mild, moderate, or severe in 18 (56.3%), 13 (40.6%), and 1 (3.1%) cases, respectively. One (3.1%) child was classed as visually impaired. Twelve (37.5%) were found to have ametropia. Mean (±SD) axial length was 22.09 (±0.81) mm, within the normal range for the age of this cohort. Seven of the 42 (16.7%) children who were involved in the larger neurodevelopmental arm of the study had clinical evidence of a squint. There was no correlation between the severity of HIE grade at birth and axial length or occurrence of squint. Conclusions: Neonatal HIE is associated with a higher incidence of squint compared with the general paediatric population. This occurred irrespective of severity of HIE grade. The ocular biometry measurements were consistent with published normative data, and no significant difference in ocular biometry was demonstrated between HIE severity groups

Ability of early neurological assessment and continuous EEG to predict long term neurodevelopmental outcome at 5 years in infants following hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy

Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) symptoms evolve during the first days of life and their monitoring is critical for treatment decisions and long-term outcome predictions. This thesis aims to report the five-year outcome of a HIE cohort born in the pre-therapeutic hypothermia era and to evaluate the predictive value of (a) neonatal neurological and EEG markers and (b) development in the first 24 months, for outcome. Methods: Participants were recruited at age five from two birth cohorts; HIE and Comparison. Repeated neonatal neurological assessments using the Amiel-TisonNeurological-Assessment-at-Term, continuous video EEG monitoring in the first 72 hours, and Sarnat grading at 24 hours were recorded. EEG severity grades were assigned at 6, 12 and 24 hours. Development was assessed in the HIE cohort at 6, 12 and 24 months using the Griffiths Mental Development (0-2) Revised Scales. At age five, intellectual (WPPSI-IIIUK scale), neuropsychological (NEPSY-II scales), neurological and ophthalmic testing was completed. Results: 5-year outcomes were available for 81.5% (n=53) of HIE and 71.4% (n=30) of Comparison cohorts. In HIE, 47.2% (27% mild, 47% moderate, 83% severe Sarnat), had non-intact outcome vs. 3.3% of the Comparison cohort. Non-intact outcome rates by 6-hour EEG-grade were: grade0=3%, grade1=25%, grade2=54%, grade3/4=79%. In HIE, processing speed (p=0.01) and verbal short-term memory (p=0.005) were below test norms. No significant differences were found in IQ, NEPSY-II or ocular biometry scores between children following mild and moderate HIE. Median IQ scores for mild (99(94-112),p=grade 2) at 24hours had superior positive predictive value (74%; AUROC(95%CI)=0.70(0.55-0.85) for non-intact 5-year outcome than abnormal EEG at 6 hours (68%; AUROC(95%CI)=0.71(0.56-0.87). Within-child development scores were inconsistent across the first 24 months. Although all children with intact 24-month Griffiths quotient (n=30) had intact 5-year IQ, 8/30 had non-intact overall outcome. Conclusion: Predictive value of neonatal neurological assessments and an EEG grading system for outcome was confirmed. Intact early childhood outcomes post-HIE may mask subtle adverse neuropsychological sequelae into the school years. This thesis supports emerging evidence that mild-grade HIE is not a benign condition and its inclusion in studies of neuroprotective treatments for HIE is warranted

THE EFFECT OF USING RETELLING A STORY IN THEIR SPEAKING ABILITY STUDENTS AT 11TH GRADE OF SMA N 1 RUMBIO JAYA

ABSTRAK AzmiMulya, (2021): Efek menggunakan Menceritakan Kembali Sebuah Cerita dalam kemampuan Berbicara mereka siswa kelas 11 SMA N 1 Rumbio Jaya Fokus utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh yang signifikan Efek menggunakan Menceritakan Kembali Sebuah Cerita dalam kemampuan Berbicara mereka siswa kelas 11 SMA N 1 Rumbio Jaya. Peneliti menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif, yaitu :Apakah ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sebelum menggunakan retelling story dan setelah menggunakan retelling story dalam kemampuan berbicara siswa kelas 11 SMA N 1 Rumbio Jaya?”.Penelitian ini memiliki dua variabel, yaitu kemampuan berbicara siswa sebelum menggunakan retelling story (X1) dan kemampuan berbicara siswa setelah menggunakan retelling story (X2) sebagai variabel bebas dan kemampuan berbicara siswa sebagai variabel terikat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pra eksperimen. Subyek penelitian ini adalahKelas 11 SMA N 1 Rumbio Jaya.Peneliti memilih 30 siswa dari populasi dengan menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Dalam mengumpulkan data, peneliti menggunakan tes berbicara sebagai pre-test dan post-test. Teknik analisis data adalah Paired Sample T-Test dan dipermudah dengan menggunakan program SPSS 21.0. Berdasarkan analisis data, peneliti menyimpulkan bahwaada pengaruh yang signifikan antara kemampuan berbicara siswa sebelum diajar dengan menggunakan retelling story dan setelah di ajar dengan menggunakan retelling story di kelas 11 SMA N 1 Rumbio Jaya. Artinya retelling story dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara mereka. Itu dianggap darisignifikan 2-tailed adalah 0,000, artinya kurang dari 0,05.Artinya Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa. Kata Kunci: Menceritakan Kembali, Cerita, Kemampuan Berbicara