Cod Fish and Cooking Pots: Research on Trade Routes of the French North Atlantic

The materiality of the French occupation at Anse à Bertrand, Saint-Pierre has been documented over three years of excavation to understand the commercial routes that provisioned the fisherman who inhabited the point from 1763 to 1815. By comparing the ceramics from that occupation to the temporally similar Habitation Crève Coeur in Martinique, the trade routes that connect France’s colonial territories can be further understood, highlighting the vitality of these labour forces to the French empire

La citadelle de Brouage et la dynamique paléoenvironnementale du marais charentais: l’apport de la malacologie et palynologie

International audienceL'ancien port de Brouage est situé face à l'île d'Oléron, aujourd'hui en plein marais, à quelques kilomètres de la mer. Si le chenal est aujourd'hui inaccessible à tout bateau de fort tonnage, cela n'a pas été le cas à l'époque moderne. La fouille de la maison Champlain, initiée dès 2003 par K. Robin (Conseil Général de la Charente-Maritime) et reprise depuis par A. Champagne, a donc la particularité de se situer dans un milieu humide dont la géomorphologie et la dynamique sédimentaire ont considérablement fluctué. La compréhension de ces évolutions est au cœur de nos préoccupations au niveau à la fois de l'implantation de cette citadelle en zone littorale mais aussi de la gestion des ressources alimentaires et matériaux de construction. La prospection géophysique entreprise en 2010 par V. Mathé, a été confrontée à des données géotechniques anciennes (Mathé 2010). Elle a précisé l'hypothèse d'une ville établie sur un banc de sable, reposant sur du bri, et non sur un banc de galets de lest. Les différentes phases de terrain avaient permis de reconnaître ces sables sur lesquels les diverses structures anthropiques s'installent

La citadelle de Brouage et la dynamique paléoenvironnementale du marais charentais: l’apport de la malacologie et palynologie

International audienceL'ancien port de Brouage est situé face à l'île d'Oléron, aujourd'hui en plein marais, à quelques kilomètres de la mer. Si le chenal est aujourd'hui inaccessible à tout bateau de fort tonnage, cela n'a pas été le cas à l'époque moderne. La fouille de la maison Champlain, initiée dès 2003 par K. Robin (Conseil Général de la Charente-Maritime) et reprise depuis par A. Champagne, a donc la particularité de se situer dans un milieu humide dont la géomorphologie et la dynamique sédimentaire ont considérablement fluctué. La compréhension de ces évolutions est au cœur de nos préoccupations au niveau à la fois de l'implantation de cette citadelle en zone littorale mais aussi de la gestion des ressources alimentaires et matériaux de construction. La prospection géophysique entreprise en 2010 par V. Mathé, a été confrontée à des données géotechniques anciennes (Mathé 2010). Elle a précisé l'hypothèse d'une ville établie sur un banc de sable, reposant sur du bri, et non sur un banc de galets de lest. Les différentes phases de terrain avaient permis de reconnaître ces sables sur lesquels les diverses structures anthropiques s'installent

Past, Present, and Future

Seven leading thinkers on the presentation of Native American history and contemporary cultures discuss how the essential ideas behind the creation of the National Museum of the American Indian initially were implemented and potentially could evolve. In addition to honoring the leadership and contributions of the museum’s founding director, W. Richard West, Jr., the authors explore such topics as repatriation, the representation of Native voices in exhibitions and programs, and the museum’s ongoing effort to develop its intellectual authority. Synthesizing the papers presented at a symposium of the same name hosted by the museum in October 2007, Past, Present, and Future takes a candid look at the National Museum of the American Indian’s complex genesis and future challenges

Application of Multi-Frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) in Crop Classification

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A systematic review of interventions to increase the use of standardized outcome measures by rehabilitation professionals

Objective: To determine the types and effectiveness of interventions to increase the knowledge about, attitudes towards, and use of standardized outcome measures in rehabilitation professionals.  Data Sources: An electronic search using Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Ergonomics Abstracts, Sports Discus. The search is current to February 2016.  Study Selection: All study designs testing interventions were included as were all provider and patient types. Two reviewers independently conducted a title and abstract review, followed by a full-text review.  Data extraction: Two reviewers independently extracted a priori variables and used consensus for disagreements. Quality assessment was conducted using the Assessment of Quantitative Studies published by the Effective Public Health Practice Group.  Data Synthesis: We identified 11 studies involving at least 1200 providers. Nine of the studies showed improvements in outcome measure use rates but only three of these studies used an experimental or quasi-experimental design. Eight of the studies used an educational approach in the intervention and three used audit and feedback. Poor intervention description and quality of studies limited recommendations.  Conclusions: Increased attention to testing interventions focused on known barriers, matched to behavior change techniques, and with stronger designs is warranted

Review of contemporary sound installation practices in Québec

Continuing a trend of publications investigating sound art within a specific geographical context, this paper proposes an original view of the sound installation practice in Que´bec. This study is part of a research project aiming at building new theoretical and practical tools for the documentation of such artworks. In this paper we present the outcomes of the first phase and its connection with the bigger picture of the project, which is the questioning of the relevance of spatial audio recordings with six degrees of freedom (6DoF) for mediating the capture of knowledge relating to the sensory experience of a work. During the first phase, we developed a conceptual descriptive framework based on a mixed-methods approach, top-down and bottom-up, consisting in a systematic review of literature paralleled with a categorization of contemporary sound art production in Que´bec based on publicly available documentation. This process led to a formal and quantitative depiction of the Que´bec scene, which aims to guide both the selection of case studies for the next phases but also to be part of the conceptual tools for investigating the sensory experience of these works. This quantitative depiction of the scene will thus foster a qualitative investigation of the sensory experience of sound art installations and the knowledge that may be lost in standard written documentation practice with an original methodological framework

Spatial variability mapping of crop residue using hyperion (EO-1) hyperspectral data

Sherpa Romeo green journal; open accessSoil management practices that maintain crop residue cover and reduce tillage improve soil structure, increase organic matter content in the soil, positively influence water infiltration, evaporation and soil temperature, and play an important role in fixing CO2 in the soil. Consequently, good residue management practices on agricultural land have many positive impacts on soil quality, crop production quality and decrease the rate of soil erosion. Several studies have been undertaken to develop and test methods to derive information on crop residue cover and soil tillage using empirical and semi-empirical methods in combination with remote sensing data. However, these methods are generally not sufficiently rigorous and accurate for characterizing the spatial variability of crop residue cover in agricultural fields. The goal of this research is to investigate the potential of hyperspectral Hyperion (Earth Observing-1, EO-1) data and constrained linear spectral mixture analysis (CLSMA) for percent crop residue cover estimation and mapping. Hyperion data were acquired together with ground-reference measurements for validation purposes at the beginning of the agricultural season (prior to spring crop planting) in Saskatchewan (Canada). At this time, only bare soil and crop residue were present with no crop cover development. In order to extract the crop residue fraction, the images were preprocessed, and then unmixed considering the entire spectral range (427 nm–2355 nm) and the pure spectra (endmember). The results showed that the correlation between ground-reference measurements and extracted fractions from the Hyperion data using CLMSA showed that the model was overall a very good predictor for crop residue percent cover (index of agreement (D) of 0.94, coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.73 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 8.7%) and soil percent cover (D of 0.91, R2 of 0.68 and RMSE of 10.3%). This performance of Hyperion is mainly due to the spectral band characteristics, especially the availability of contiguous narrow bands in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) region, which is sensitive to the residue (lignin and cellulose absorption features).Ye

Glycemic index and glycemic load are associated with some cardiovascular risk factors among the PREMIER study participants

Background: The clinical significance of glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) is inconclusive. Objective : This study was conducted to examine the association of GI and GL with clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors including body weight, blood pressure (BP), serum lipids, fasting glucose, insulin and homocysteine over time among the PREMIER participants. Design: PREMIER was an 18-month randomized lifestyle intervention trial, conducted from 2000 to 2002, designed to help participants reduce BP by following the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern, losing weight, reducing sodium and increasing physical activity. GI and GL were estimated from 24 h diet recall data at baseline, 6 and 18 months after intervention. PROC MIXED model was used to examine the association of changes in GI or GL with changes in CVD risk factors. Results: A total of 756 randomized participants, 62% females and 34% African Americans and who averaged 50.0±0.3 years old and 95.3±0.7 kg, were included in this report. Neither GI nor GL changes was associated with changes in any risk factors at 6 months. At 18 months, however, the GI change was significantly and positively associated with total cholesterol (TC) change only (p<0.05, β = 23.80±12.11 mg/dL or 0.62±0.31 mmol/L) with a significant age interaction. The GL change was significantly associated with TC (p=0.02, β = 0.28±0.15 mg/dL or 0.01±0.00 mmol/L) positively and with low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) changes negatively (p=0.03, β = − 0.01±0.00 mg/dL or −0.00±0.00 mmol/L), and significant age interactions were observed for both. Conclusion: GI and GL was associated with TC and LDL-C after controlling for energy, fat and fiber intake and other potential confounders and the associations were modified by age. Further investigation into this relationship is important because of its potential clinical impact