Maths in Prison

I teach maths to all levels in an adult male remand prison in Ireland and am also studying for a PhD in maths in prison education in Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT). This paper describes recent initiatives piloted by maths teachers and school management to increase attendance, engagement and certification in maths. It assesses the effects of the initiatives and looks at future potential in this setting and in others. To set the paper in context, I begin by describing a typical day as a prison maths teacher

Able-bodied wild chimpanzees imitate a motor procedure used by a disabled individual to overcome handicap

Fieldwork of CH was generously supported by grants from the Wenner-Gren Foundation (http://wennergren.org) and the Russell Trust. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Chimpanzee culture has generated intense recent interest, fueled by the technical complexity of chimpanzee tool-using traditions; yet it is seriously doubted whether chimpanzees are able to learn motor procedures by imitation under natural conditions. Here we take advantage of an unusual chimpanzee population as a 'natural experiment' to identify evidence for imitative learning of this kind in wild chimpanzees. The Sonso chimpanzee community has suffered from high levels of snare injury and now has several manually disabled members. Adult male Tinka, with near-total paralysis of both hands, compensates inability to scratch his back manually by employing a distinctive technique of holding a growing liana taut while making side-to-side body movements against it. We found that seven able-bodied young chimpanzees also used this 'liana-scratch' technique, although they had no need to. The distribution of the liana-scratch technique was statistically associated with individuals' range overlap with Tinka and the extent of time they spent in parties with him, confirming that the technique is acquired by social learning. The motivation for able-bodied chimpanzees copying his variant is unknown, but the fact that they do is evidence that the imitative learning of motor procedures from others is a natural trait of wild chimpanzees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Investing for Retirement in a Low Returns Environment: Making the Right Decisions to Make the Money Last

Low returns on financial assets and increasing longevity mean saving for retirement is becoming more challenging than it has been in the past. Generations retiring in the near term (boomers) face increased longevity, but have lived through periods with strong market returns boosting their assets, and many also have DB entitlements. Younger generations also face increasing longevity, and in addition are likely to earn much lower investment returns on their retirement assets and few have DB. The challenge for them is tougher. We model the likely outcomes for different cohorts under scenarios for savings behavior, investment returns and life expectancy. We take account of likely pillar one entitlements and varying replacement rate requirements and expected longevity in different demographic and income groups. We show that younger generations do face substantial challenges, but there are plausible courses of action involving increased contributions and delayed or partial retirement that can provide reasonable income replacement rates in retirement. We map out the steps that the retirement industry (government, employers, financial services providers) needs to take to support people in following these courses of action, such as providing more flexibility over social security

Maths in Prison

I teach maths to all levels in an adult male remand prison in Ireland and am also studying for a PhD in maths in prison education in Technological University Dublin (DIT). This paper describes recent initiatives piloted by maths teachers and school management to increase attendance, engagement and certification in maths. It assesses the effects of the initiatives and looks at future potential in this setting and in others. To set the paper in context, I begin by describing a typical day as a prison maths teacher

Telemedicine of family-based treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa: A protocol of a treatment development study.

BackgroundFamily-based treatment is an efficacious treatment available for adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Yet the implementation of this treatment, at least in the United States, is challenging due to a limited number of trained family-based treatment therapists and the concentration of these therapists in a limited number of urban centers. The use of telemedicine in the delivery of family-based treatment can increase access to this therapy for this patient population.Methods/designThis two-year treatment development study (December 2013-November 2015) follows a two-wave iterative case series design. The study is ongoing and addresses the treatment needs of families in remote, rural, or underrepresented parts of the United States by delivering family-based treatment via telemedicine (video chat). The first six months of the study was dedicated to selecting a cloud-based secure telemedicine portal for use with participants. Recruitment for the first of two consecutive case series (N = 5) began during month seven. After these five patients completed treatment, a systematic review of treatment via feedback from participants and therapists related to the delivery of this model and use of technology was completed. A second wave of recruitment is underway (N = 5). At the end of both waves (N = 10), and after a second review of treatment, we should be able to establish the feasibility and acceptability of family-based treatment delivered via telemedicine for this patient population.DiscussionThis study is the first attempt to deliver family-based treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa via telemedicine. If delivering family-based treatment in this format is feasible, it will provide access to an evidence-based treatment for families heretofore unable to participate in specialist treatment for their child's eating disorder

Projecting habitat of the nonbreeding Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea) under various climate scenarios

Understanding a species’ range, and how it may change over time, allows researchers to develop more robust species management plans and to identify vital habitat for conservation planning. For migratory bird species, different habitats are utilized during different times of year. While a neotropical migratory species’ breeding grounds may be adequate, its wintering ground or various stopover areas may be under threat. In what is known as a carry over effect, the degradation of wintering grounds can lead to poor quality individuals in the breeding range (Rockwell et al., 2012), thus reduced fitness. The tropics are predicted to experience changes in temperature and precipitation as a result of climate change (Neelin et al., 2006). These changes may result in the decline of food resources required by migratory species wintering in the tropics. Resource rich mangrove ecosystems and riparian habitats are highly threatened by climate-induced sea level rise and storm surges (Şekercioğlu et al., 2012). The Prothonotary warbler (Protonotaria citrea) is a habitat specialist that relies on the endangered mangrove forests of coastal wetlands. The effects of climate change may cause species with narrow environmental niches, such as the Prothonotary warbler, to shift their ranges to less suitable habitat (Şekercioğlu et al., 2008)

A stable isotope stratigraphy for the Axel Heiberg Fossil Forest and its application to Eocene climate

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-107).The Eocene era was a warm, climatically dynamic transitional period between the Paleocene greenhouse world and the Oligocene icehouse world. This study details carbon and hydrogen isotopic and biomarker analyses of samples of lignite (bulk fossil leaves), wood, paleosol, and resinite from the Middle to Late Eocene age fossil forest stratigraphy on Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, Canada. Bulk carbon isotopes show a record of frequent, large fluctuations on the scale of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum benthic carbon excursion of [approx.] 2.6%₀ (Zachos 1999). However, terrestrial flora are less sensitive to CO₂ fluctuations given their capacity to regulate stomatal intake and the comparatively easy diffusion of CO₂ in air. Resinites (-22.8 +/- 1.7%₀) are enriched relative to bulk lignite (-24.7 +/- 0.75%₀), and wood (-21.66 +/- 0.45%₀) is also enriched relative to bulk lignite. Both 1) a scenario of periodic methane hydrate pulses and 2) a scenario of fluctuating forest stand LAI (leaf area index) are not inconsistent with our data. Either mechanism could be responsible for large carbon isotope shifts. Higher plant input dominated the n-alkane signature. Compound-specific hydrogen isotopes in n-alkanes show a record of marked secular change, with isotopes becoming generally lighter over the time span of the stratigraphy, though punctuated by singular fluctuations as large as 32%₀.(cont.) Polycyclic isoprenoid lipids (-266%₀ to -375%₀, mean 300%₀ +/- 38%₀) are characteristically depleted relative to n-alkanes (-238%₀ to -295%₀, mean -268%₀ +/- 10%₀). From the n-alkanes, we estimate that environmental water in the Eocene on Axel Heiberg Island was depleted -150%o +/- 24.8%o, which agrees with an estimate derived from cellulose, [delta]D-environmental = -133%₀ (Jahren 2003). (For comparison, modern precipitation at the site has a [delta]D value of [approx.] -213%₀, though precipitation should not be considered equivalent to environmental water.) This datum is consistent with a meridional weather patterns that may have carried moisture over continents towards high latitudes in the absence of a polar front, isotopically depleting precipitation to a greater extent than occurs today. However, seasonality cannot be discounted as a mechanism, given that colder temperatures would lead to colder condensation temperatures and thus, isotopically lighter precipitation.Monica C. Byrne.S.M

Esperienze e forme di scrittura online

L’esperienza dello scrivere online varia in misura notevole col variare delle forme e dei contesti di comunicazione in cui si dà a vedere. Prendendo in esame quattro ambienti di comunicazione scritta online (non unidirezionali) – posta elettronica, Twitter, chat, gruppi di discussione – è possibile far emergere alcuni tratti distintivi, riguardanti le strategie e gli stili di scrittura. Un fattore differenziale di cui tenere conto è anche la relazione tra scrittura e tempo, ovvero le diverse attese in termini di durata e permanenza del testo scritto

Curing Composite Materials Using Lower-Energy Electron Beams

In an improved method of fabricating composite-material structures by laying up prepreg tapes (tapes of fiber reinforcement impregnated by uncured matrix materials) and then curing them, one cures the layups by use of beams of electrons having kinetic energies in the range of 200 to 300 keV. In contrast, in a prior method, one used electron beams characterized by kinetic energies up to 20 MeV. The improved method was first suggested by an Italian group in 1993, but had not been demonstrated until recently. With respect to both the prior method and the present improved method, the impetus for the use of electron- beam curing is a desire to avoid the high costs of autoclaves large enough to effect thermal curing of large composite-material structures. Unfortunately, in the prior method, the advantages of electron-beam curing are offset by the need for special walls and ceilings on curing chambers to shield personnel from x rays generated by impacts of energetic electrons. These shields must be thick [typically 2 to 3 ft (about 0.6 to 0.9 m) if made of concrete] and are therefore expensive. They also make it difficult to bring large structures into and out of the curing chambers. Currently, all major companies that fabricate composite-material spacecraft and aircraft structures form their layups by use of automated tape placement (ATP) machines. In the present improved method, an electron-beam gun is attached to an ATP head and used to irradiate the tape as it is pressed onto the workpiece. The electron kinetic energy between 200 and 300 keV is sufficient for penetration of the ply being laid plus one or two of the plies underneath it. Provided that the electron-beam gun is properly positioned, it is possible to administer the required electron dose and, at the same time, to protect personnel with less shielding than is needed in the prior method. Adequate shielding can be provided by concrete walls 6 ft (approximately equal to 1.8 m) high and 16 in. (approximately equal to 41 cm) thick, without a ceiling. The success of the present method depends on the use of a cationic epoxy as the matrix material in the prepreg tape, heating the prepreg tape to a temperature of 50 C immediately prior to layup, and exposing the workpiece to an electron-beam dose of approximately 2 Mrad. Experiments have shown that structures fabricated by the present method have the same mechanical properties as those of nominally identical structures fabricated by the prior method with electron beams of 3 to 4 MeV