Un nuovo approccio alla traduzione computerizzata: l’utilizzo integrato dei sistemi HAMT e MAHT. Resoconto di un’esperienza traduttiva.

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of a translation project, carried out with an innovative approach to computer translation: the combined use of machine translation systems and translation memory tools. The text Osnovy primenenija technologij komp’juternych perevodov (CAT technologij), Càast 1, a handbook about computer translation tools, has been collaboratively translated by two students as their dissertations in the field of translational studies. This collaboration was made possible by the combined use of the HAMT and MAHT systems. The paper begins with a presentation of the various types of computer translation tools on the market, and a description of their key role in the translation process. It then continues with an explanation of the combined use of computer translation technologies and the advantages their use provides to the translator. The core of the paper is dedicated to a detailed description of the translation process applied to the text of the manual. After a short preamble about the type of text being translated, every single phase (terminology extraction, automatic translation with HAMT systems, creation of a translation memory, post-editing) is explained with the help of schematics. The paper ends with some conclusions about the overall experience

Reversible Self-Assembly of Fluorescein Amyloid Beta Peptides over Gold Colloids

The fiber formation of amyloid beta peptides is known to be an essential step of fibrillogenesis, the hallmark mechanism of Alzheimer\u27s disease. One type of amyloid beta which is critically important in the mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease is a hydrophilic amyloid beta of sequences 1-40. A fluorescein-attached amyloid beta monomer (Faβ1-40) of this sequence was used to probe the conformational change of the peptide into its oligomeric formation. The folded and unfolded conformations of the monomer were induced by fluctuating the pH environment between 10 and 4, respectively. This was studied at an interfacial environment using gold colloidal surfaces, ranging between 10 nm and 100 nm in diameter. The bonding dynamics for the Faβ1-40 was determined from fluorescence decay times. Faster dynamics were observed in acidic environments as well as in the presence of the larger gold colloids due to an enhancement in fluorescence from the peptide

Mulheres mils impact assessment : building research capacity across nations; a reflection paper for the 2013 IDRC Canadian Learning Forum

Given the distinction between knowledge for understanding and knowledge for action, it is arguable that additional criteria should be considered in defining and promoting research excellence in development contexts. Research excellence for development is, or should be, rigorous, adhering to foundational standards of ethics, and as well, include knowledge for action – enhancing capacity building, and helping communities to create the capacity to act. The Mulheres Mil program (meaning a thousand strong women) successfully worked to improve women’s quality of family life, economic opportunities and greater participation in the political process

Editorial: The Interplay Between Immune Activation and Cardiovascular Disease During Infection, Autoimmunity and Aging: The Role of T Cells

Chronic activation of cells of the immune system including T cells and systemic inflammation are well known risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Many human pathological conditions including viral infections, autoimmune diseases and aging are recognized drivers of increased risk of CVD. Among viral infections, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a contributing risk element to the existing traditional risk factors of atherogenesis; Influenza infection is correlated with ncreased the risk of cardiovascular events leading to deaths and HIV infection is an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk. The pandemic of SARS-COV2 infection showed that the severe presentation of the disease manifests with vascular damage and cardiovascular events. Autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic disease are also associated with cardiovascular disease. Lastly, in adults over 65 years, the accumulation of age-related phenotypic and functional alterations in immune cells parallels with a decline of the cardiovascular system with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms behind are not well defined, and while the role of innate immune cells has been established, the involvement of T cells in promoting vascular pathology and cardiovascular disease has emerged more recently (1). Chronic systemic inflammation and increased circulating levels of cytokines and chemokines can indeed contribute to vascular damage by promoting endothelial cell activation and oxidative stress thus linking to the increased risk of CVD (2, 3). Activation of endothelial cells promotes recruitment of circulating immune cells including T cells that will be activated and differentiate into distinct effector cells contributing to the pathology of the disease (4–6). Endothelial cells in this context have also been proposed to act as “semiprofessional” antigen presenting cells (APC) presenting antigens and providing several costimulatory signals to T cells leading to T cell activation especially at sites defined as endothelium-dependent microvascular reactivity sites by Laser Doppler Flowmetry Assessment (7). A milestone in the understanding the role of T cells in promoting vascular inflammation has been reached with the characterization of the immune cell infiltrate in human atherosclerotic plaque by scRNA-seq technology which defined the main subsets of T cells in atherosclerosis (8). This data paved the way for further investigations about the role of T cells as a putative mechanistic link in pathologies associated with an increased risk of CVD. The proposed mechanisms by which T cells contribute to the pathology of the disease include dysregulated T helper and CD8 T cell function, expansion of terminally differentiated cytotoxic effectors CD4+ CD28- T cells and impaired Tregs function. This Research Topic has the aim to provide an overview of the latest advances in the study of the role of T cell activation and endothelial inflammation in cardiovascular risk and disease in the context of infection, autoimmunity and aging. The Research Topic highlights the emerging common and distinctive features of the putative immune mechanistic links between the pathophysiological conditions and the associated cardiovascular disease. The Research Topic comprises 11 articles, original research articles, 5 review and one systematic review and was divided into 3 sections. 1. Endothelial inflammation and T cell activation in CVD associated with infection. 2. T cell mechanisms involved in CVD associated with autoimmune diseases. 3. The immunology of cardiovascular disease during aging

Melo Freni: «Esquilo en Sicilia y sobre Elicona»

El escritor siciliano Melo Freni escribió varias novelas ambientadas en su tierra natal: La famiglia Ceravolo (1980), Le passioni di Petra (1985), Marta d’Elicona (1987) y La valle della luna (1994). Estas obras señalan claramente en su construcción un vínculo fundamental con la historia y el espacio geográfico en el que se desarrollan las acciones de sus personajes. Valiéndose del concepto más amplio de “biogeografía”, este artículo traza algunos rasgos de la poética de Freni y analiza aspectos culturales presentes en las novelas mencionadas, enfatizando especialmente en el componente mítico, característico en buena parte de esta literatura del sur de Italia, en la que las diversas civilizaciones que allí se sucedieron dejaron su impronta en diversos aspectos de la vida cultural

Principi e implementazione dei piani personalizzati nella scuola

La realtà sociale in cui viviamo è connotata dalla complessità e dal continuo cambiamento, ragion per cui la scuola è stata costretta a ripensarsi e ad equipaggiarsi per fronteggiare le sfide che il tempo storico pone. Il punto nevralgico di tale rinnovamento appare incentrato sull’obiettivo delle competenze e sull’effettiva uguaglianza delle offerte formative rivolte a tutti gli alunni, in vista del loro ruolo di cittadini del mondo.In questa direzione, l’implementazione dei progetti formativi esige una complementarietà tra i piani delle competenze e quelli personalizzati.L’attuazione dei piani personalizzati consente la piena realizzazione delle competenze, in una feconda circolarità di sostegno reciproco, onde evitare esiti omologanti e consentire la valorizzazione dei talenti individuali. Il piano ritagliato sul benessere scolastico dell’alunno appare preliminare ad ogni forma di personalizzazione che la scuola può proporre, poichè atto alla formazione di personalità equilibrate. Il piano personalizzato che potenzia le differenza intellettive e attitudinali degli alunni appare quello più idoneo a sostenere progetti formativi proiettati nel futuro, dotando gli alunni di quegli strumenti che consentano loro di progettare e ri-progettare il loro destino.The social reality in which we live is characterized by complexity and constant change, which is why school has been obliged to rethink and equip itself to face today’s challenging requirements. The focal point of this renewal is centred on the acquisition of skills, and real equality regarding training opportunities for all pupils, in view of their role as citizens of the world. In this direction, the implementation of educational projects requires a complementarity between the skills themselves and their personalization.Implementation of customized plans gives space to the full realization of skills, in fruitful circular mutual support, in order to avoid type-standardizing results, and allowa the enhancement of individual talents. The plan regarding pupils' welfare at school is preliminary to any form of customization that schools may suggest, as it concerns the shaping of a balanced personality. The personalized plan that enhances pupils’ attitudinal and intellectual differences seems the most appropriate to support educational projects connected to the future, by providing pupils with tools enabling them to programme and re-programme their lives

Carlo Levi, a 120 años de su nacimiento: realismo como “creación” de la realidad

Cuando en 1945 fue publicado el libro Cristo si è fermato a Eboli de Carlo Levi, se generó una polémica vinculada especialmente al marxismo ortodoxo, el cual subrayaba negativamente el carácter “ahistórico” y “mítico” de esta obra. El presente artículo muestra los límites de esa crítica y busca subrayar la revalorización poética que llevó a cabo Levi del mundo campesino al entender su realismo como “creación” de la realidad. Para ello, el autor de este estudio apela al análisis de ciertos aspectos de la obra y a la experiencia vivida por el escritor durante su destierro en el sur de Italia

Giustizia riparativa: la mediazione “della sofferenza e del disordine”

Aborda a mediação penal como um método de resolução de conflitos. Explica que esse tipo de mediação vai além da negociação e conciliação. Afirma que na mediação penal, onde a assimetria das partes é um fator específico, o objetivo é aproximar o que geralmente é considerado intransponível, ou seja, a vítima e o infrator, e aceitar o que não é bem-vindo em nossa sociedade, ou seja, sofrimento e desordem

Characterization of turbine rim seal flow and its sealing effectiveness

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2013.This thesis was scanned as part of an electronic thesis pilot project.Cataloged from PDF version of thesisIncludes bibliographical references (p. 83-84).In a gas turbine engine, ingestion of hot gas from the flowpath into the gaps between the turbine rotor and stator can lead to elevated metal temperatures and a deterioration of component life. To prevent ingestion, bleed air from the compressor is used to "purge" the rim seal cavities. Establishing a quantitative understanding of the wheelspace and rim cavity flow processes driving ingestion is critical to optimizing seal design and minimizing the associated performance penalty. A computational model of the wheelspace that does not limit the spatial or temporal scales of flow processes is formulated. This allows the assessment of the response of the wheelspace to external stimuli set up by the turbine main flow path, and the development of causal links between flow processes and their drivers. Varying the axisymmetric turbine flowpath pressure on a quasi-steady basis when the purge flow supply seal is choked has no impact on ingestion; the pressure field in the wheelspace merely scales with the flowpath pressure, leaving the flow structure unchanged. Introducing circumferential variation in the external pressure field can, however, lead to ingestion with the ratio of disturbance wavelength to the trench depth emerging as a key parameter. Varying rotational speed alone does not drive ingestion as a stagnation point is formed on the outer shroud that is ingestion resistant. It is shown that excitation at frequencies corresponding to the natural modes of the wheelspace system can lead to large responses in pressure and seal flow rate, with the seal reduced frequency appearing as a characterizing parameter. The existence and parametric dependence of these modes is further assessed through a small disturbance flow analysis. A generalized small disturbance flow analysis is formulated that provides a direct enumeration of the key characterizing parameters.by Peter T. Catalfamo.S.M