Measured pedestrian movement and bodyworn terminal effects for the indoor channel at 5.2 GHz

[Summary]: Human body effects such as antenna-body interaction and scattering caused by pedestrian movement are important indoor radio propagation phenomena at microwave frequencies. This paper reports measurements and statistical analysis of the indoor narrowband propagation channel at 5.2 GHz for two scenarios: a fixed line-of-sight (LOS) link perturbed by pedestrian movement and a mobile link incorporating a moving bodyworn terminal. Two indoor environments were considered for both types of measurements: an 18 m long corridor and a 42 m2 office. The fixed-link results show that the statistical distribution of the received envelope was dependent on the number of pedestrians present. However, fading was slower than expected, with an average fade duration of more than 100 ms for a Doppler frequency of 8.67 Hz. For the bodyworn terminal, mean received power values were dependent on whether or not the user's body obstructed the LOS. For example, in the corridor the average non-line-of-sight (NLOS) pathloss was 5.4 dB greater than with LO

Repository profile: University of Glasgow: "Enlighten" IR & Research System

The University of Glasgow has established the “Enlighten” IR and Research system. The IR holds 72,000 items for institutional peer-reviewed journal articles, published conference papers, books and book chapters.<p></p> The Research System is an in-house-built system holding research information for institutional research activity, including people, organisations, projects and outputs. It is dynamically linked to the Enlighten IR.<p></p&gt

Plasma and testicular testosterone levels, volume density and number of Leydig cells and spermatogenic efficiency of rabbits

Plasma and tissue testosterone concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay in 12 eight-month-old sexually mature New Zealand White rabbits and evaluated for possible associations with spermatogenic efficiency as well as with volume density and number of Leydig cells. Testicular tissue was processed histologically and histometry was performed in order to quantify germ cells, Sertoli cells and Leydig cells. Spermatogenic efficiency, reported as the ratios among germ cells (spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes and round spermatids) and by the ratio of germ cells to Sertoli cells, was not associated with testosterone levels. However, Leydig cell parameters such as number of Leydig cells per gram of testis, total number of Leydig cells per testis and percent cell volume of Leydig cell nuclei were correlated significantly with testosterone levels. The statistically significant correlation (r = 0.82, P\u3c0.05) observed between testosterone levels and the number of Leydig cells per gram of testis suggests that, in the rabbit, the latter parameter can serve as a criterion for monitoring testosterone levels in this species under normal conditions

Roles de la Policía Nacional de Colombia en el posconflicto

El presente trabajo está orientado a definir los roles y cambios que puede asumir la Policía Nacional como garante de la protección en seguridad de la sociedad e institucionalidad colombiana ante potenciales escenarios de firma de acuerdos de paz del gobierno nacional con las FARC

Comparative analysis between a physicochemical treatment system and one of ceramic ultrafiltration membrane to treat wastewater from a beverage industry. Case study

Los estudios de diseño y operación de sistemas de saneamiento de aguas residuales industriales, condicionan la aplicación de metodologías que permitan definir criterios de purificación y establecer procesos de tratamiento óptimo para lograr los requerimientos de control de efluentes implantados. Por tal motivo se llevó a cabo un estudio comparativo entre un proceso fisicoquímico de tipo convencional a escala real y un sistema piloto de Ultrafiltración de Cerámica (CUF) de quinta generación, para la purificación del agua residual de una industria de bebidas. Posterior a un pretratamiento, un tratamiento anaerobio y aerobio, el agua residual es recibida por las unidades de tratamiento objeto de estudio. Para el proceso fisicoquímico se utilizó PAC (450-900ppm) como coagulante, Nalco8100 (40-60 ppm) como coadyuvante de coagulación y un polímero como auxiliar de la floculación (1-2 ppm). El valor promedio de eficiencia de remoción alcanzada de DQO fue de 83% y de SST de 93,5%. Por otra parte, el sistema CUF operó con cargas orgánicas en un intervalo de 357mg·l- 1 , al igual que las unidades de coagulación-floculación, y su eficiencia de remoción de DQO fue de 91% y una concentración de SST de 7ppm, resultados por debajo del límite legal de vertimientos y con una eficiencia mayor del 50% en comparación al sistema convencional. Cantidades y costos de productos químicos, generación de lodos, pago de nómina y gastos de mantenimiento son reducidos con la implementación de esta nueva tecnología. El sistema CUF reemplaza en su totalidad a una planta de tratamiento.The study design and operation of sanitation of industrial wastewater, condition the application of methodologies to define and establish criteria purification treatment processes to achieve optimal control requirements implanted effluents. Therefore it conducted a comparative study between a conventional physicochemical process real scale and pilot system Ceramic Ultrafiltration (CUF) fifth generation, for the purification of wastewater from a beverage industry. Following pretreatment, aerobic and anaerobic treatment, the waste water is received by the processing units under study. PAC for the physicochemical process (450-900ppm) was used as coagulant, Nalco8100 (40-60 ppm) as coagulant aid and a polymer as flocculation auxiliary (1-2 ppm). The average value achieved removal efficiency of COD was 83% and 93.5% TSS. Furthermore, the CUF system operated with organic fillers in a range of 357mg·l -1 , like units of coagulation-flocculation, and efficiency of COD removal was 91% and a concentration of TSS 7ppm, results below the legal limit of dumping and greater efficiency of 50% compared to the conventional system. Quantities and costs of chemicals, sludge generation, payroll and maintenance costs are reduced with the implementation of this new technology. The CUF system replaces in its entirety to a treatment plant

Effect of bird age and storage system on physical properties of eggs from brown laying hens

A total of 108 eggs from a group of 100 brown laying hens housed in standard cages were analyzed. Thirty-six eggs were retired when the hens had 30 week of age, other 36 eggs were retired when the hens had 35 week of age and the remaining 36 eggs were retired five weeks afterwards. Each group of 36 eggs was radomly divided in three groups of 12 eggs. First group was analyzed at once, second group one was kept during one week in the refrigerator (5°C) and third group was kept also one week but on ambient temperature (25°C). Shell color, shell thickness, specific gravity, albumen height and Haugh units wre obtained. The bird age had significant effect on shell color and shell thickness, but the storage system had not influence on such variables. The hen age had not effect on specific gravity, but the storage system affected to this variable. Hen age and storage system had significant influence (P<0.05) on albumen height and Haugh units, and the interaction age × storage system was significant for these variables. The specific gravity had positive relations with shell thickness, yolk color, albumen height and Haugh units. It is concluded that bird age and storage system under high temperatures reduced the egg quality

A Bio-Inspired Tensegrity Manipulator with Multi-DOF, Structurally Compliant Joints

Most traditional robotic mechanisms feature inelastic joints that are unable to robustly handle large deformations and off-axis moments. As a result, the applied loads are transferred rigidly throughout the entire structure. The disadvantage of this approach is that the exerted leverage is magnified at each subsequent joint possibly damaging the mechanism. In this paper, we present two lightweight, elastic, bio-inspired tensegrity robotics arms which mitigate this danger while improving their mechanism's functionality. Our solutions feature modular tensegrity structures that function similarly to the human elbow and the human shoulder when connected. Like their biological counterparts, the proposed robotic joints are flexible and comply with unanticipated forces. Both proposed structures have multiple passive degrees of freedom and four active degrees of freedom (two from the shoulder and two from the elbow). The structural advantages demonstrated by the joints in these manipulators illustrate a solution to the fundamental issue of elegantly handling off-axis compliance.Comment: IROS 201

Contributions of Tunneling in 8π-6π Electrocyclic Cascade Reactions of Bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-2,4-diene Moieties

Six-electron electrocyclic reactions usually require relatively high temperatures; however recent research has shown that such reactions can occur at significantly lower temperatures in biosynthetic and biomimetic pathways. Pathways resulting in bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-2,4-diene moieties arise from thermally allowed 8π-6π electrocyclization cascade reactions of 1,3,5,7-octatetraenes, as in the biosynthesis of endiandric acids, elysiapyrones, and numerous other natural products. We report multidimensional tunneling calculations to explore the possible contribution of heavy-atom tunneling (e.g. by carbon) to biosynthetic pathways and biomimetic syntheses, and thus to provide a more complete picture of biochemical kinetics. M06-2X/cc-pVDZ calculations on the 8π-6π cascade cyclizations of methylated octatetraene model systems suggest that at 240 to 340K, tunneling contributions were low at 20% to 10% during the 8π electrocyclization, and moderate at around 32% to 17% during the 6π electrocyclization. These values suggested tunneling contributes significantly to––but does not dominate––the thermally allowed 8π-6π cascade