Uniformes da Guarda Nacional (1831-1852): a indumentária na organização e funcionamento de uma associação armada

The aim of this research about the National Guard uniforms was to examine the use of this apparel in the organization and functioning of a military force. An initial step in order to study the apparel as a material vector of the social production and reproduction. It is not, therefore, from the study of an artefact, but from its functions, pragmatic, diacritical and symbolic, means to analyse bigger problems regarding organization, development and change in the societies.O objetivo desta pesquisa sobre uniformes da Guarda Nacional foi examinar a utilização de indumentária na organização e funcionamento de uma associação armada. Um passo inicial para estudarmos o vestuário como um vetor material da produção e reprodução social. Não se trata, portanto, do estudo de um artefato, mas de suas funções, pragmáticas, diacríticas e simbólicas, meios para análise de problemas mais amplos relativos à organização, desenvolvimento e mudança de sociedades

Inquérito sorológico sôbre leptospiroses realizado no Vale do Cariri, Estado do Ceará, pela III Bandeira Científica do Centro Acadêmico Oswaldo Cruz da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo

Agglutination-tests for leptospirosis were performed in 376 sera. The following sero-types of Leptospira were used: L. icterohemorrhagiae, L. canicola, L. grippo-typhosa, L. pomona, L. bataviae, L. australis B, L. sejroe, L. pyrogenes and L. suis. Six sera (1.59%) were positive for L. icterohemorrhagiae. From the whole group two people were born in this region, what makes possible the conclusion that the disease exists in the region.Com o propósito de estudar o problema das leptospiroses no Vale do Cariri, Ceará, foram examinados 376 soros colhidos entre moradores da região. Foram feitas provas de sôro-aglutinação usando-se os seguintes sôro-tipos de Leptospira: L. icterohemorrhagiae, L. canícola, L. grippo-typhosa, L. pomona, L. bataviae, L. australis B, L. sejroe, L. pyrogenes e L. suis. Seis soros reagiram positivamente frente à L. icterohemorrhagiae, o que dá percentual de 1,59%. Dois dos indivíduos haviam nascido e vivido no Vale, donde foi possível concluir que a leptospirose existe, autóctone, na região

Assessment of the quality of measures of child oral health-related quality of life

Background Several measures of oral health-related quality of life have been developed for children. The most frequently used are the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ), the Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (C-OIDP) and the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP). The aim of this study was to assess the methodological quality of the development and testing of these three measures. Methods A systematic search strategy was used to identify eligible studies published up to December 2012, using both MEDLINE and Web of Science. Titles and abstracts were read independently by two investigators and full papers retrieved where the inclusion criteria were met. Data were extracted by two teams of two investigators using a piloted protocol. The data were used to describe the development of the measures and their use against existing criteria. The methodological quality and measurement properties of the measures were assessed using standards proposed by the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) group. Results The search strategy yielded 653 papers, of which 417 were duplicates. Following analysis of the abstracts, 119 papers met the inclusion criteria. The majority of papers reported cross-sectional studies (n = 117) with three of longitudinal design. Fifteen studies which had used the original version of the measures in their original language were included in the COSMIN analysis. The most frequently used measure was the CPQ. Reliability and construct validity appear to be adequate for all three measures. Children were not fully involved in item generation which may compromise their content validity. Internal consistency was measured using classic test theory with no evidence of modern psychometric techniques being used to test unidimensionality of the measures included in the COSMIN analysis. Conclusion The three measures evaluated appear to be able to discriminate between groups. CPQ has been most widely tested and several versions are available. COHIP employed a rigorous development strategy but has been tested in fewer populations. C-OIDP is shorter and has been used successfully in epidemiological studies. Further testing using modern psychometric techniques such as item response theory is recommended. Future developments should also focus on the development of measures which can evaluate longitudinal change