Dairy products consumption in Brazil is associated with socioeconomic and demographic factors: Results from the National Dietary Survey 2008-2009

Objective To estimate the consumption of dairy products in the Brazilian population. Methods Data from two non-consecutive food records from 34,003 individuals (aged >= 10 years) in the first Brazilian nationally representative dietary survey (2008-2009) were used to estimate the dairy products intake. Dairy products were divided into four major subgroups: cow's milk, cheese, yogurt and other dairy products. Absolute and relative frequencies of individuals in the population who reported consumption of dairy products in at least one of the two-day food record according to sex, age, geographic region and levels of per capita monthly family income were calculated. Moreover, the mean consumption of dairy products, as well as their nutritional contribution in total energy, protein, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium intake was estimated. Results It was observed that only 43.0% of the population reported consuming dairy products, being the milk subgroup the most frequently consumed (21.1%). The prevalence of consumption was higher among females, elderly, residents of the South region, and among individuals from higher per capita monthly family income. The nutritional contribution of dairy products was less than 10.0% of total energy intake and for most nutrients and the mean daily consumption are justified was 101.8g. Conclusion Therefore, in view of the low intake of dairy products by Brazilian population and the nutritional benefits associated with this food group, public health strategies to increase dairy consumption are justified.Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Pediat, Programa Posgrad Pediat & Ciencias Aplicadas Pedi, R Botucatu,715,Vila Clementino, BR-04023062 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Saude Publ, Dept Nutr, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Estado Rio De Janeiro, Inst Med Social, Dept Epidemiol, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Pediatria, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Pediatria e Ciências Aplicadas à Pediatria. R. Botucatu, 715, Vila Clementino, 04023-062, São Paulo, SP, BrasilWeb of Scienc

Consumo de ácidos graxos trans na população da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the monounsaturated and polyunsaturated trans fatty acid intake among the general population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, in 2003, on a representative sample of 2,298 male and female subjects, including 803 adolescents (12 to 19 years), 713 adults (20 to 59 years) and 782 elderly people (60 years or over). Food intake was measured using 24-hour recall. Mean trans fatty acid intake was described according to gender and age group. RESULTS: The mean trans fatty acid intake was 5.0 g/day (SE = 0.1), accounting for 2.4% (SE = 0.1) of total energy and 6.8% (SE = 0.1) of total lipids. The adolescents had the highest mean intake levels (7.4 g/day; 2.9% of energy) while the adults and the elderly had similar intake (2.2% of energy for both; 6.4% of lipids and 6.5% of lipids, respectively). The mean trans fatty acid intake among adult and elderly women (approximately 2.5% of energy and 7.0% of lipids) was higher than among men in the same age group. The food item with the highest contribution towards trans fatty acids was margarine, accounting for more than 30% of total intake, followed by filled cookies among adolescents and meat among adults and the elderly. CONCLUSIONS: The trans fatty acid intake is above the level recommended by the World Health Organization. Replacement of the trans fatty acids in manufactured food items may be an effective measure for reducing trans fatty acid intake in Brazil.OBJETIVO: Analizar el consumo de ácidos grasos moninsaturados y polinsaturados de configuración trans en la población general. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal realizado en Sao Paulo, Sureste de Brasil, 2003, con muestra representativa de 2.298 individuos, siendo 803 adolescentes (12 a 19 años), 713 adultos (20 a 59 años) y 782 ancianos (60 años o más), de ambos sexos. El consumo alimentario fue medido por medio del recordatorio alimentario de 24 horas. Los valores promedios de ingestión de ácidos grasos trans fueron descrito según sexo y grupo etario. RESULTADOS: El consumo promedio de ácidos grasos trans fue de 5,0 g/día (EP=0,1), correspondiendo a 2,4% (EP=0,1) del total calórico y 6,8% (EP=0,1) del total de lípidos. Los adolescentes presentaron los mayores promedios de ingestión (7,4g/día y 2,9% energía), mientras que los adultos y ancianos registraron ingestión semejante (2,2% energía; 6,4% lípidos y 6,5% lípidos, respectivamente). Los promedios de consumo de ácidos grasos trans entre mujeres adultas y ancianas (aproximadamente 2,5% energía y 7,0% lípidos) fueron mayores que los promedios de los hombres del mismo grupo etario. El alimento de mayor contribución para el consumo de ácidos grasos trans fue la margarina, representando más de 30% del total ingerido, seguido de la galleta rellena para los adolescentes y de la carne bovina para los adultos y ancianos. CONCLUSIONES: El consumo de ácidos grasos trans se encuentra por encima del preestablecido por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. La sustitución de los ácidos grasos trans de los alimentos industrializados puede ser una medida eficaz para la reducción del consumo de este tipo de grasa en Brasil.OBJETIVO: Analisar o consumo de ácidos graxos monoinsaturados e poliinsaturados de configuração trans na população geral. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado em São Paulo, SP, 2003, com amostra representativa de 2.298 indivíduos, sendo 803 adolescentes (12 a 19 anos), 713 adultos (20 a 59 anos) e 782 idosos (60 anos ou mais), de ambos os sexos. O consumo alimentar foi medido por meio do recordatório alimentar de 24 horas. Os valores médios de ingestão de ácidos graxos trans foram descritos segundo sexo e faixa etária. RESULTADOS: O consumo médio de ácidos graxos trans foi de 5,0g/dia (EP=0,1), correspondendo a 2,4% (EP=0,1) do total calórico e 6,8% (EP=0,1) do total de lipídios. Os adolescentes apresentaram as maiores médias de ingestão (7,4g/dia e 2,9% energia), enquanto os adultos e idosos registraram ingestão semelhante (2,2% energia; 6,4% lipídios e 6,5% lipídios, respectivamente). As médias de consumo de ácidos graxos trans entre mulheres adultas e idosas (aproximadamente 2,5% energia e 7,0% lipídios) foram maiores que as médias dos homens de mesma faixa etária. O alimento de maior contribuição para o consumo de ácidos graxos trans foi a margarina, representando mais de 30% do total ingerido, seguido do biscoito recheado para os adolescentes e da carne bovina para os adultos e idosos. CONCLUSÕES: O consumo de ácidos graxos trans encontra-se acima do preconizado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. A substituição dos ácidos graxos trans dos alimentos industrializados pode ser uma medida eficaz para a redução do consumo desse tipo de gordura no Brasil

Ingestão inadequada de nutrientes na população de idosos do Brasil: Inquérito Nacional de Alimentação 2008-2009

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de ingestão inadequada de nutrientes na população idosa brasileira. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados dados do Inquérito Nacional de Alimentação como parte da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares, em 2008-2009. Dados de consumo alimentar individual de 4.322 indivíduos com 60 anos ou mais foram obtidos por meio do registro alimentar de dois dias não consecutivos. A ingestão habitual para cada nutriente foi estimada pelo método do National Cancer Institute, cujos modelos tiveram como covariáveis sexo e região. As prevalências de inadequação de ingestão de micronutrientes foram estimadas segundo sexo e região utilizando o método da EAR como ponte de corte. RESULTADOS: Elevadas prevalências de inadequação (>; 50%) foram observadas para as vitaminas E, D, A, cálcio, magnésio e piridoxina em ambos os sexos. Em todas as regiões, observou-se 100% de inadequação de vitamina E. Vitamina D obteve percentuais de inadequação próximos de 100% em todas as regiões, exceto para a região Norte. As prevalências de inadequação de vitamina A foram superiores a 70% nas regiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste. Cálcio e magnésio foram os minerais com maior prevalência de ingestão inadequada (>; 80%) em todas as regiões. CONCLUSÕES: Idosos brasileiros apresentam elevada inadequação da ingestão de nutrientes, reconhecidos como protetores contra doenças crônicas.OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de ingestión inadecuada de nutrientes en la población anciana brasileña. MÉTODOS: Se analizaron datos de la Pesquisa Nacional de Alimentación como parte de la Investigación de Presupuestos Familiares, en 2008-2009. Datos de consumo alimentario individual de 4.322 individuos con 60 años o más se obtuvieron por medio de registro alimentario de dos días no consecutivos. La ingestión habitual para cada nutriente fue estimada por el método del National Cancer Institute, cuyos modelos tuvieron como co-variables sexo y región. Las prevalencias de inadecuación de ingestión de micronutrientes se estimaron según sexo y región utilizando el método de la EAR como punto de corte. RESULTADOS: Elevadas prevalencias de inadecuación (>;50%) se observaron para las vitaminas E, D, A, calcio, magnesio y piridoxina en ambos sexos. En todas las regiones, se observó 100% de inadecuación de vitamina E. Vitamina D obtuvo porcentajes de inadecuación próximos a 100% en todas las regiones, excepto para la región Norte. Las prevalencias de inadecuación de vitamina A fueron superiores a 70% en las regiones Norte, Noreste y Centro-oeste. Calcio y magnesio fueron los minerales con mayor prevalencia de ingestión inadecuada (>;80%) en todas las regiones. CONCLUSIONES: Ancianos brasileños presentaban elevada inadecuación de ingestión de nutrientes, reconocidos como protectores contra enfermedades crónicas.OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake in the Brazilian elderly. METHODS: This study was based on data from the National Dietary Survey, part of the Household Budget Survey 2008-2009. All individuals aged 60 and over, totaling 4,322 individuals, were included. Individual food intake was obtained from food records from two non-consecutive days. The habitual intake for each nutrient was estimated by the National Cancer Institute method, in which sex and region were included as covariates. The prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake was estimated stratified by sex and region using the EAR method to define cut-off points. RESULTS: A high prevalence of inadequate intake (>; 50%) of vitamins E, D and A, calcium, magnesium and pyridoxine was observed for both sexes. In all regions, 100% inadequate vitamin E intake was observed. Vitamin D showed almost 100% inadequate intake except in the North region. The prevalence of inadequate vitamin A intake was higher than 70% in the North, Northeast, and Midwest regions. Among the minerals evaluated, calcium and magnesium showed the highest prevalence of inadequate intake (>; 80%) in all regions. CONCLUSIONS: The present study found a high prevalence of inadequate intake of nutrients recognized as being protective against chronic diseases among the Brazilian elderly

Validation of self-reported diabetes in a representative sample of São Paulo city

OBJECTIVE To validate the self-reported diabetes mellitus in adults and older adults living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS We have used data of 569 subjects (284 adults and 285 older adults), participants of the population-based cross-sectional study Inquérito de Saúde do Município de São Paulo (Health Survey of São Paulo). Fasting glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) and/or use of drugs (oral hypoglycemic and/or insulin) defined the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. We have validated the self-reported diabetes mellitus by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values. We have used Poisson regression with robust variance to verify the factors associated with the sensitivity of the self-reported datum. For all analyses, we have considered the sample design of the study. RESULTS The sensitivity of self-reported diabetes mellitus was 63.8% (95%CI 49.2–76.3), specificity was 99.7% (95%CI 99.1–99.9), positive predictive value was 95.5% (95%CI 84.4–98.8), and negative predictive value was 96.9% (95%CI 94.9–98.2). The correct reporting of diabetes mellitus was more prevalent among older adults (PR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.2–3.5) than among adults. CONCLUSIONS The use of the datum of self-reported diabetes mellitus is valid, especially among older adults living in the city of São Paulo. The results highlight the need to track diabetes mellitus in asymptomatic subjects who have one or more risk factors for it, mainly in the adult population of this city

Remoção de fibrocimento: amianto

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil Ramo EdificaçõesO trabalho desenvolvido visa possibilitar um enquadramento objectivo e sustentado, entre as práticas existentes no sector da construção civil, no contacto e na remoção de fibrocimento e em simultâneo, responder às exigências e instruções existentes na legislação em vigor. A experiencia acumulada há vários anos, na remoção de chapas de fibrocimento com amianto, as pesquisas efectuadas e o contacto com empresas especializadas e laboratórios, permitem desenvolver um trabalho, que será importante no desenvolvimento de boas práticas, permitindo que as empresas do sector de construção civil, que trabalhem com materiais com amianto, possam cumprir a legislação em vigor e em simultâneo contribuam para a prevenção contra o risco de se contrair doenças, como a asbestose, mesotelioma, cancro do pulmão e cancro gastrointestinal. O desenvolvimento do tema, servirá para evidenciar um trabalho, que terá como resultado final, dar a conhecer os riscos existentes nos contactos com materiais que contenham amianto, as doenças a que podem estar sujeitos, o conhecimentos da legislação em vigor, o desenvolvimento de boas práticas e a gestão de custos.Abstract: The work is to give an objective framework and sustained between the practices in the construction industry, the contact and the removal of asbestos and simultaneously meets the requirements and instructions on the law. The experience accumulated for many years, the removal of asbestos cement sheets with asbestos, surveys and contact with specialist companies and laboratories, to develop a work permit, which will be important in the development of good practice, allowing the business of building who work with asbestos-containing materials, to comply with current legislation and simultaneously contribute to the prevention of the risk of contracting asbestosis, mesothelioma, lung cancer and gastrointestinal cancer. The development of the theme, serve to show a work that will ultimately bring to disclose the risks in dealing with materials containing asbestos, the diseases that may be subject to the knowledge of current legislation, the development of good practices and cost management

Determinantes do consumo de frutas e hortaliças em adolescentes por regressão quantílica

OBJETIVO: Analizar el consumo de frutas, legumbres y verduras (FLV) de adolescentes e identificar factores asociados. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal de base poblacional con muestra representativa de 812 adolescentes de ambos sexos de Sao Paulo, Sureste de Brasil, en 2003. El consumo alimentario fue medido por el recordatorio alimentario de 24 horas. El consumo de FLV fue descrito en percentiles y para investigar la asociación entre la ingestión de FLV y variables explicativas fueron utilizados modelos de regresión cuantílica. RESULTADOS: De los adolescentes entrevistados, 6,4% consumieron la recomendación mínima de 400g/día de FLV y 22% no consumieron ningún tipo de FLV. En los modelos de regresión cuantílica, ajustados por el consumo energético, el intervalo etario y sexo, la renta domiciliar per capita y la escolaridad del jefe de familia se asociaron positivamente al consumo de FLV, mientras que el hábito de fumar se asoció negativamente. Renta se asoció significativamente a los menores percentiles de ingestión (p20 al p55); tabaquismo a los percentiles intermediarios (p45 al p75) y escolaridad del jefe de familia a los percentiles finales de consumo de FLV (p70 al p95). CONCLUSIONES: El consumo de FLV por adolescentes de Sao Paulo se mostró por debajo de las recomendaciones del Ministerio de la Salud Brasileño y es influenciado por la renta domiciliaria per capita, por la escolaridad del jefe de familia y por el hábito de fumar.OBJETIVO: Analisar o consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras (FLV) de adolescentes e identificar fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional com amostra representativa de 812 adolescentes de ambos os sexos de São Paulo, SP, em 2003. O consumo alimentar foi medido pelo recordatório alimentar de 24 horas. O consumo de FLV foi descrito em percentis e para investigar a associação entre a ingestão de FLV e variáveis explanatórias; foram utilizados modelos de regressão quantílica. RESULTADOS: Dos adolescentes entrevistados, 6,4% consumiram a recomendação mínima de 400 g/dia de FLV e 22% não consumiram nenhum tipo de FLV. Nos modelos de regressão quantílica, ajustados pelo consumo energético, faixa etária e sexo, a renda domiciliar per capita e a escolaridade do chefe de família associaram-se positivamente ao consumo de FLV, enquanto o hábito de fumar associou-se negativamente. Renda associou-se significativamente aos menores percentis de ingestão (p20 ao p55); tabagismo aos percentis intermediários (p45 ao p75) e escolaridade do chefe de família aos percentis finais de consumo de FLV (p70 ao p95). CONCLUSÕES: O consumo de FLV por adolescentes paulistanos mostrou-se abaixo das recomendações do Ministério da Saúde e é influenciado pela renda domiciliar per capita, pela escolaridade do chefe de família e pelo hábito de fumar.OBJECTIVE: To analyze fruit and vegetable intake in adolescents and to identify associated factors. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 812 adolescents of both sexes in the city of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, in 2003. Food consumption was measured with the 24-hour dietary recall. Fruit and vegetable intake was described in percentiles. Quantile regression models were used to investigate the association between this intake and explanatory variables. RESULTS: Of all adolescents interviewed, 6.4% consumed the minimum recommendation of 400 g/day of fruits and vegetables and 22% did not consume any type of fruits and vegetables. According to quantile regression models, adjusted for energy intake, age group and sex, per capita household income and head of household's level of education were positively associated with fruit and vegetable intake, whereas smoking habit showed a negative association. Income was significantly associated with lower intake percentiles (p20 to p55); smoking, with intermediate percentiles (p45 to p75); and head of household's level of education, with higher percentiles (p70 to 95). CONCLUSIONS: Fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents of São Paulo was below the Ministry of Health's recommendations and it is influenced by per capita household income, head of family's level of education and smoking habit

High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and low vaccine response in children and adolescents in Northeastern Brazil

Children have an increased likelihood of becoming carriers of the chronic hepatitis B virus. A total of 1,381 children and adolescents were assessed in five municipalities of Maranhao State, Brazil, for detection of anti-HBc, HBsAg and anti-HBs serologic markers and sociodemographic and behavioral features. Among those who were HBsAg negative and anti-HBc negative, the proportion of anti-HBs positives was calculated after the individuals had completed the vaccination schedule. The robust variance of the Poisson’s regression model was used in order to have adjusted tables and calculate the prevalence ratio. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with the prevalence of anti-HBc with or without HBsAg and the vaccine response. It was observed that 163 children were anti-HBc positive and nine individuals were HBsAg positive. The factors associated with the infection were: municipality of residence (residing in Morros municipality or Humberto de Campos municipality), residence in a rural area, aged between 13 and 15 years old, and illicit drug use. The percentage of individuals who were anti-HBc negative and received all three doses of the vaccine was 48.5%. Among these, only 276 (38.9%) had antibodies at protective concentrations. In an adjusted analysis, Morros municipality presented an increased positivity of vaccine response (p < 0.001), and the age ranging between 6 and 10 years old presented a reduced frequency of response. This study reveals a high prevalence of current and past HBV infection within the targeted age group which, in addition to the low vaccination coverage and serological responses, raises concerns about the management of prevention measures, especially the quality of vaccination in these locations