Past expectations as a determinant of equilibrium prices - hysteresis in a simple economy

We give an illustration of hysteresis (path-dependence) in a simple economy. In the presence of multiple possible equilibrium prices, we find that past expectations determine present prices. This phenomenon of path-dependence is robust under perturbations of the economy.Hysteresis, Path-dependence, Tatônnement, Equilibrium selection

Alignment in Product Development: How Different Disciplines Successfully Interact within an Organizational Environment

Student research poste

Understory clearing in open grazed mediterranean oak forests: assessing the impact on vegetation

Over recent years, rural abandonment and climate change have challenged grazed wooded landscapes in Mediterranean mountain regions. Fire hazard management procedures such as grazing, prescribed burning, or mechanical clearing must be adjusted to the new socioeconomic and environmental situation and according to the context and circumstances of each territory. This study contributes to adjusting vegetation management techniques in response to low grazing pressure by evaluating the combined effect of mechanical clearing and grazing on the structural and floristic dynamics of understory vegetation in the open-grazed Mediterranean oak forests of northern Portugal. To this end, three treatments were established: mechanical clearing with grazing, mechanical clearing without grazing, and grazing without clearing (the control). The floristic inventories were carried out using the point quadrat method, and the structure was evaluated using line transects. Herbaceous biomass was determined by destructive methods. This study shows that mechanical vegetation clearing effectively reduces phytovolume and, thus, fire hazards. However, for its effects to endure, it must be combined with subsequent grazing, which does not always occur. No consistent pattern was found in the floristic dynamics of the shrub-grassland mosaic (species richness and diversity) related to shrub-clearing or grazing over the short term (24 months)his research was funded by the EU SUDOE, grant number SOE2/P5E0804, project OPEN2PRESERVE. This article was also supported by the FCT/MCTES Project CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The status of interactivity in computer art: formal apories

Contemporary art, particularly that which is produced by computer technologies capable of receiving data input via interactive devices (sensors and controllers), constitutes an emerging expressive medium of interdisciplinary nature, which implies the need for a critical look at its constitution and artistic functions. To consider interactive art as a form of artistic expression that files under the present categorization, implies the acceptance of the participation of the spectator in the production of the work of art, supposedly at the time of its origin / or during its creation. When we examine the significance of the formal status of interactivity, assuming as a theoretical starting point the referred premises and reducing it to a phenomenological point of view of artistic creation, we quickly fall into difficulties of conceptual definitions and structural apories [1]. The fundamental aim of this research is to formally define the status of interactive art, by perpetrating a phenomenological examination on the creative process of this specific art, establishing crucial distinctions in order to develop a hermeneutics in favor of creation of new perspectives and aesthetic frameworks. What is interactive creation? Is interactivity, from the computing artistic creativity point of view, the exponentiation of the concept of the open work of art (ECO 2009)? Does interactive art correspond to an a priori projective and unachievable meta-art? What is the status of the artist and of the spectator in relation to an interactive work of art? What ontic and factical conditions are postulated as necessary in order to determine an artistic product as co-created? What apories do we find along the progres- sive process of reaching to a clarifying conceptual definition?This brief investigation will seek to contribute to the study of this issue, intending ultimately, and above all, to expose pertinent lines of inquiry rather than to provide definite scientific and aesthetic answers

Landscape changes and carbon sequestration in the Deilão Parish, Northeastern Portugal

Estimaram-se estoques de carbono ao nível da paisagem ao longo dos últimos 48 anos na freguesia de Deilão (4.197 ha), Distrito de Bragança, Nordeste de Portugal, com o objectivo de analisar a dinâmica do carbono sequestrado numa paisagem em transformação. Construíram-se cartas de uso do solo com base em coberturas aerofotográficas de 1958, 1968, 1980, 1992 e 2006. A classificação do uso do solo foi baseada no sistema COS2005 (Instituto Geográfico Português), sendo a estrutura da paisagem descrita por métricas da paisagem. A biomassa viva e a folhada, bem como os estoques de carbono foram estimados com base em equações de biomassa e carbono e em dados de inventários. A freguesia de Deilão apresentava sinais de abandono, com redução da área agrícola e aumento da área florestal. O carbono sequestrado aumentou de 20.572 tC em 1958 para 75.449 tC em 2006, alteração essa que corresponde a um incremento de 267% durante o período de tempo considerado. Corresponde também a uma taxa média anual de sequestro de 0,27 tC/ha/ano à escala da paisagem. As alterações recentes da paisagem na freguesia de Deilão são acompanhadas pelo aumento muito significativo do carbono fixado na paisagem

Landscape change in a mountainous area in Northeastern Portugal: implications for management

In this paper we analyzed changes in landscape composition and structure over the 1958-2005 period in the França parish (Bragança, northeastern Portugal). Agriculture decreased from 22% to 5% of the area of study. Forests and shrublands became the dominant land uses occupying together 73% of the area of study in 2005. Structurally the landscape became more homogeneous. We speculate that the types of change observed and the tendency for their magnification in the near future will have functional effects on this landscape, namely the creation of condition for the occurrence of catastrophic disturbance events such as wildfires

A third sector in the core-periphery model: non-tradable goods

We extend an analytically solvable core-periphery model by introducing a monopolistically competitive sector of non-tradable goods. We study how trade costs affect the spatial distribution of economic activity. Trade costs have no effect when the elasticity of substitution among non-tradable goods is low. In this case, concentration of all production (of tradable and non-tradable goods) is the unique equilibrium. When the elasticity of substitution among non-tradable goods is high, we find two equilibrium configurations: symmetric dispersion of the production of tradable and non-tradable goods, if trade costs are high; and concentration of production of tradable goods with asymmetric dispersion of production of non-tradable goods, if trade costs are low.New economic geography, Core-periphery model, Footloose entrepreneur, Nontradable goods