1,841 research outputs found
VUV photo-processing of PAH cations: quantitative study on the ionization versus fragmentation processes
Interstellar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are strongly affected by
the absorption of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photons in the interstellar medium
(ISM), yet the branching ratio between ionization and fragmentation is poorly
studied. This is crucial for the stability and charge state of PAHs in the ISM
in different environments, affecting in turn the chemistry, the energy balance,
and the contribution of PAHs to the extinction and emission curves. We studied
the interaction of PAH cations with VUV photons in the 7-20 eV range from the
synchrotron SOLEIL beamline, DESIRS. We recorded by action spectroscopy the
relative intensities of photo-fragmentation and photo-ionization for a set of
eight PAH cations ranging in size from 14 to 24 carbon atoms, with different
structures. At photon energies below ~13.6 eV fragmentation dominates for the
smaller species, while for larger species ionization is immediately competitive
after the second ionization potential (IP). At higher photon energies, all
species behave similarly, the ionization yield gradually increases, leveling
off between 0.8 and 0.9 at ~18 eV. Among isomers, PAH structure appears to
mainly affect the fragmentation cross section, but not the ionization cross
section. We also measured the second IP for all species and the third IP for
two of them, all are in good agreement with theoretical ones confirming that
PAH cations can be further ionized in the diffuse ISM. Determining actual PAH
dication abundances in the ISM will require detailed modeling. Our measured
photo-ionization yields for several PAH cations provide a necessary ingredient
for such models
Estimation de sources de chaleur dans les matériaux minces
Dans ce travail, une méthode d'estimation de source est mise au point et elle est associée à une méthode de filtrage des données par décomposition en valeurs singulières. Cette méthode testée dans un premier temps sur des données numériques, est ensuite appliquée à des mesures de températures par thermographie infrarouge obtenues lors d'une expérience dédiée où la position et l'intensité des sources sont connues. L'objectif final de cette étude (non détaillée dans ce papier) sera d'utiliser cette méthode sur des mesures de températures obtenues lors de tests de traction sur des polymères
Achieving rotorcraft noise and emissions reduction for 'Clean Sky' - The measurement of success
This paper describes the work done and strong interaction between
Cranfield University as member of
the
Technology Evaluator (TE)
team
, Green Rotorcraft (GRC) Integrated Technology Demonstrator
(ITD) and Sustainable and Green Engine (SAGE) ITD of the Clean Sky Joint Technology Initiative
(JTI). The aim of Clean Sky is to develop and integrate new and innovative technologies that will hel
p
meeting the emission and noise reduction targets set by the Advisory Council for Aviation Research
and Innovation in Europe (ACARE) for aircraft of next generation. The GRC and SAGE ITDs are
responsible for developing new helicopter airframe and engine t
echnologies respectively, whilst the
TE has the distinctive role of assessing the environmental impact of these technologies at single flight
(mission), airport and Air Transport System levels (ATS).
Cranfield University as a member of the TE
is responsibl
e for the mission trajectory definition and for conducting the environmental performance
assessments
.
The assessments reported herein have been performed by using a GRC
-
developed
multi
-
disciplinary simulation framework called PhoeniX (Platform Hosting Oper
ational and
Environmental Investigations for Rotorcraft) that comprises various computational modules. These
modules include a rotorcraft performance code (EUROPA), an engine performance and emissions
simulation tool (GSP) and a noise prediction code (HELE
NA). PhoeniX can predict the performance of
a helicopter along a prescribed 4D trajectory offering a complete helicopter mission analysis. In the
context of the TE assessments reported herein, three helicopter classes are examined, namely a Twin
Engine Lig
ht (TEL) configuration, for Emergency Medical Service (EMS) and Police missions, and a
Single Engine Light (SEL) configuration for Passenger/Transport missions, and a Twin Engine Heavy
(TEH) configuration for Oil & Gas missions. The different technologies
assessed reflect three
simulation points which are the ‘Baseline’ Year 2000 technology, ‘Reference’ Y2020 technology,
without Clean Sky benefits, and finally the ‘Conceptual’, reflecting Y2020 technology with Clean Sky
benefits. The results of this study i
llustrate the potential that incorporated technologies possess in
terms of improving performance and gas emission metrics such as fuel burn, CO2, NOx as well as the
noise footprint on the ground
Electrodynamics with Lorentz-violating operators of arbitrary dimension
The behavior of photons in the presence of Lorentz and CPT violation is
studied. Allowing for operators of arbitrary mass dimension, we classify all
gauge-invariant Lorentz- and CPT-violating terms in the quadratic Lagrange
density associated with the effective photon propagator. The covariant
dispersion relation is obtained, and conditions for birefringence are
discussed. We provide a complete characterization of the coefficients for
Lorentz violation for all mass dimensions via a decomposition using
spin-weighted spherical harmonics. The resulting nine independent sets of
spherical coefficients control birefringence, dispersion, and anisotropy. We
discuss the restriction of the general theory to various special models,
including among others the minimal Standard-Model Extension, the isotropic
limit, the case of vacuum propagation, the nonbirefringent limit, and the
vacuum-orthogonal model. The transformation of the spherical coefficients for
Lorentz violation between the laboratory frame and the standard Sun-centered
frame is provided. We apply the results to various astrophysical observations
and laboratory experiments. Astrophysical searches of relevance include studies
of birefringence and of dispersion. We use polarimetric and dispersive data
from gamma-ray bursts to set constraints on coefficients for Lorentz violation
involving operators of dimensions four through nine, and we describe the mixing
of polarizations induced by Lorentz and CPT violation in the cosmic-microwave
background. Laboratory searches of interest include cavity experiments. We
present the theory for searches with cavities, derive the experiment-dependent
factors for coefficients in the vacuum-orthogonal model, and predict the
corresponding frequency shift for a circular-cylindrical cavity.Comment: 58 pages two-column REVTeX, accepted in Physical Review
Distributed path planning for controlling a fleet of UAVs : application to a team of quadrotors
International audienc
Grammatikee têes glóossees helleenikees en teê dialecttoo iberikeê = Grammatica de la lengua griega en idioma español
Precede al tÃt. transliterado, el mismo en caracteres griegos.Texto en latÃn y griego.Sign.: ã-e8, A-Z8, 2A-2M8.Copia digital : Junta de Castilla y León. ConsejerÃa de Cultura y Turismo, 201
Publisher Correction: Carbon dioxide sink in the Arctic Ocean from cross-shelf transport of dense Barents Sea water
In the version of this article initially published, author Cora Hörstmann was wrongly listed with a second affiliation with the Department of Ecoscience–Applied Marine Ecology and Modelling, Aarhus University rather than the Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Marseille, France. Furthermore, references 83–97, now found in the Supplementary Tables caption, were wrongly cited in the Data Availability section. The errors have been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article
Data-Driven Constitutive Model for the Inelastic Response of Metals:Application to 316H Steel
Predictions of the mechanical response of structural elements are conditioned by the accuracy of constitutive models used at the engineering length-scale. In this regard, a prospect of mechanistic crystal-plasticity-based constitutive models is that they could be used for extrapolation beyond regimes in which they are calibrated. However, their use for assessing the performance of a component is computationally onerous. To address this limitation, a new approach is proposed whereby a surrogate constitutive model (SM) of the inelastic response of 316H steel is derived from a mechanistic crystal plasticity-based polycrystal model tracking the evolution of dislocation densities on all slip systems. The latter is used to generate a database of the expected plastic response and dislocation content evolution associated with several instances of creep loading. From the database, a SM is developed. It relies on the use of orthogonal polynomial regression to describe the evolution of the dislocation content. The SM is then validated against predictions of the dead load creep response given by the polycrystal model across a range of temperatures and stresses. When the SM is used to predict the response of 316H during complex non monotonic loading, extrapolating to new loading conditions, it is found that predictions compare particularly well against those from the physics-based polycrystal model
Complex interaction between dengue virus replication and expression of miRNA-133a
Background: Dengue virus (DENV) is the most common vector-borne viral infection worldwide with approximately 390 million cases and 25,000 reported deaths each year. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules responsible for the regulation of gene expression by repressing mRNA translation or inducing mRNA degradation. Although miRNAs possess antiviral activity against many mammalian-infecting viruses, their involvement in DENV replication is poorly understood. Methods: Here, we explored the relationship between DENV and cellular microRNAs using bioinformatics tools. We overexpressed miRNA-133a in Vero cells to test its role in DENV replication and analyzed its expression using RT-qPCR. Furthermore, the expression of polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB), a protein involved in DENV replication, was analyzed by western blot. In addition, we profiled miRNA-133a expression in Vero cells challenged with DENV-2, using Taqman miRNA. Results: Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the DENV genome of all four DENV serotypes is targeted by several cellular miRNAs, including miRNA-133a. We found that overexpression of synthetic miRNA-133a suppressed DENV replication. Additionally, we observed that PTB transcription, a miRNA-133a target, is down-regulated during DENV infection. Based in our results we propose that 3' UTR of DENV downregulates endogenous expression of miRNA-133a in Vero cells during the first hours of infection. Conclusions: miRNA-133a regulates DENV replication possibly through the modulation of a host factor such as PTB. Further investigations are needed to verify whether miRNA-133a has an anti-DENV effect in vivo
- …