Diversidad del género Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) en el río Caldera, Chriquí, Panamá.

Uno de los grupos más primitivos de la clase Insecto es el orden Plecoptera, también conocidos como "moscas de piedra". Con el objetivo de contribuir al conocimiento taxonómico y ecológico del género Ánacroneuria, se realizaron muestreos en siete estaciones en el río Caldera durante el 2015. Cada estación fue muestreada una vez al mes, durante una a dos horas recolectando organismos de rocas y hojarasca sumergida mediante una red triangular y en forma manual, para su posterior crianza en sistemas de acuarios en el laboratorio (MUPADI). Se recolectaron 485 ninfas de las cuales 138 llegaron a su etapa adulta (g=83 y d=55) identificadas en cinco especies Anacroneuria annulipalpis, A. marca, 4. quetzali (entre 1,147 m s.n.m. y los 1,882 m s.n.m.), Á. benedettoi, A. planicollis (entre 360 m s.n.m. y 1,065 m s.n.m.) y dos especies aún por identificar. Se amplía el ámbito de Distribución de ,4. benedettoi para la provincia de Carriquí y se reporta por Primera vez a .4. quetzalli para Panamá. Se realizan claves para adultos y ninfas Del género, Anacroneuria para este río y la asociación de las ninfas .A planicollis Á. quetzalli, y ,Anacroneuria sp.l con su adulto. La cría de ninfas en el laboratorio es el método más simple, de bajo costo y fácil mantenimiento, siempre que sea manipulado rigurosa y correctamente. Las múltiples intervenciones antropogénicas que se están realizando sobre los sistemas fluviales de nuestro país, pueden provocar la desaparición de estas especies, sin que lleguen a ser conocidas. Por ello, se plantea la urgente necesidad de su estudio en aquellos sistemas fluviales donde aún se carece de información de estos organismos.One of the most primitive groups of the Insects class is the order Plecoptera, also known as "stoneflies." in order to contribute to the taxonomic and ecological knowledge of the genus 4r7acroneuda, samples were carried out at seven stations on the Caldera River during 2015. Each station was sampled once a month for one to two hours by collecting rock organisms and submerged leaf litter a triangular network and in manual form, for later breeding in aquarium systems in the laboratory (MUPADI). We collected 485 nymphs of which 138 reached adulthood (g = 83 and d ' = 55) identified Hive species Anacroneuia annulipalpis , ,4. marco, .4. quetzalli (between 1,147 m s.m. and 1,882 m s.n.m), .4. Benedottoi, ,4. planicollis (between 360 m s.n.m. and 1,065 m s.n.m.) and two species yet to be identified. Keys are made for adults and nymphs of the genus .4nacroneuda for this river and the association of nymphs .A. planicollis .A. quetzalli, and , anacroneuria sp. 7 with its adult. Raising nymphs in the laboratory is the simplest, inexpensive and easy to maintain method, provided it is handled rigorously and correctly. The multiple. anthropogenic interventions that are being carried out on the fluvial systems of our country, can cause the disappearance of these species, without they become known. Therefore, the urgent need for their study in river systems where there is stilla lack of information of these organisms

Maternal BMI, Breastfeeding and Perinatal Factors that Influence Early Childhood Growth Trajectories

Obesity among children is a global concern. Fetal programming and early life nutrition have been implicated in both childhood and adult obesity. Perinatal interventions aimed at reducing the risk of child obesity may be important for prevention. It was hypothesized that anthropometric and genetic analysis can identify a priority population that would benefit from an exclusive breastfeeding intervention. To test this hypothesis, a scoping review was conducted, and ALSPAC cohort data was analyzed. The scoping review results show early life risk factors were multi-factorial, they were also socially patterned and accumulative. These data suggest children with overweight and obese mothers, who were low income and from an ethnic minority group were at higher risk for obesity and could be targeted for preventive intervention. The results from the ALSPAC study show maternal BMI and the genetic risk score are the strongest independent predictors of obesity at 17 years of age.M.Sc.2021-11-30 00:00:0

The Plecoptera of Panama. IV. Description of the last nymphal instar for two species of Anacroneuria Klapálek (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from the Caldera River, Chiriquí, Panamá

Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Aguirre, Yusseff P., Ríos González, Tomás A., Bernal Vega, Juan A. (2019): The Plecoptera of Panama. IV. Description of the last nymphal instar for two species of Anacroneuria Klapálek (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from the Caldera River, Chiriquí, Panamá. Zootaxa 4711 (3): 446-458, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4711.3.

Maternal BMI, breastfeeding and perinatal factors that influence early childhood growth trajectories: a scoping review

Obesity rates among children are rapidly rising internationally and have been linked to noncommunicable diseases in adulthood. Individual preventive strategies have not effectively reduced global obesity rates, leading to a gap in clinical services regarding the development of early perinatal interventions. The objective of this scoping review is to explore the relationship between maternal BMI and breastfeeding behaviors on child growth trajectories to determine their relevance in developing interventions aimed at preventing childhood obesity.The scoping review was guided and informed by the Arksey and O\u27Malley (2005) framework. A systematic search was performed in four databases. Studies included in the final review were collated and sorted into relevant themes. A systematic search yielded a total of 5831 records (MEDLINE: 1242, EMBASE: 2629, CINAHL: 820, PubMed: 1140). Results without duplicates (n = 4190) were screened based on relevancy of which 197 relevant-full-text articles were retrieved and assessed for eligibility resulting in 14 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted and charted for the studies and six themes were identified: (1) healthy behaviors, lifestyle, and social economic status; (2) parental anthropometrics and perinatal weight status; (3) genetics, epigenetics, and fetal programming; (4) early infant feeding; (5) infant growth trajectories; and (6) targeted prevention and interventions. Early life risk factors for child obesity are multifactorial and potentially modifiable. Several at-risk groups were identified who would benefit from early preventative interventions targeting the importance of healthy weight gain, exclusive breastfeeding to 6 months, and healthy lifestyle behaviors

Cave-dwelling crocodiles of Central Belize

We provide the results on the first systematic effort to study cave-dwelling crocodiles in central Belize. For nearly three decades, managers at Runaway Creek Nature Reserve have frequently observed crocodile tracks and trackways in caves, while subterranean observations of crocodiles were less frequent. We surveyed five caves previously identified as crocodile habitat by wading (up to waist deep) and kayaking; we also deployed trail cameras in five of six flooded caves. Crocodiles were directly observed in two caves and trail camera footage was captured of a crocodile exiting a third cave. Given that introgression between Morelet’s Crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii (A.H.A. Duméril & Bibron, 1851)) and the American Crocodile (Crocodylus acutus Cuvier, 1807) is high throughout their sympatric range and none of the crocodiles were captured, all individuals were identified as Crocodylus acutus x C. moreletii?. Additionally, in the five caves previously identified as crocodile habitat, we identified at least 16 potential prey species including two invertebrate, four fish, one turtle, one bird, several bat, and eight non-bat mammal species via direct observation and trail cameras. Capture, examination, and stomach flushes of cave-dwelling crocodiles, as well as continued monitoring of vertebrates via trail cameras, additional prey species surveys, monitoring of cave temperatures, and developing detailed cave maps of crocodile caves are highly recommended to obtain the information to both characterize crocodile cave use and optimally manage cave resources

Use of Telecommunication and Diabetes-Related Technologies in Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes During a Time of Sudden Isolation: Mixed Methods Study

BackgroundThe COVID-19 lockdown imposed a sudden change in lifestyle with self-isolation and a rapid shift to the use of technology to maintain clinical care and social connections. ObjectiveIn this mixed methods study, we explored the impact of isolation during the lockdown on the use of technology in older adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). MethodsOlder adults (aged ≥65 years) with T1D using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) participated in semistructured interviews during the COVID-19 lockdown. A multidisciplinary team coded the interviews. In addition, CGM metrics from a subgroup of participants were collected before and during the lockdown. ResultsWe evaluated 34 participants (mean age 71, SD 5 years). Three themes related to technology use emerged from the thematic analysis regarding the impact of isolation on (1) insulin pump and CGM use to manage diabetes, including timely access to supplies, and changing Medicare eligibility regulations; (2) technology use for social interaction; and (3) telehealth use to maintain medical care. The CGM data from a subgroup (19/34, 56%; mean age 74, SD 5 years) showed an increase in time in range (mean 57%, SD 17% vs mean 63%, SD 15%; P=.001), a decrease in hyperglycemia (>180 mg/dL; mean 41%, SD 19% vs mean 35%, SD 17%; P<.001), and no change in hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL; median 0.7%, IQR 0%-2% vs median 1.1%, IQR 0%-4%; P=.40) during the lockdown compared to before the lockdown. ConclusionsThese findings show that our cohort of older adults successfully used technology during isolation. Participants provided the positive and negative perceptions of technology use. Clinicians can benefit from our findings by identifying barriers to technology use during times of isolation and developing strategies to overcome these barriers

Emtricitabine-Triphosphate in Dried Blood Spots as a Marker of Recent Dosing

New objective measures of antiretroviral adherence are needed. We determined if emtricitabine triphosphate (FTC-TP) in dried blood spots (DBS) can be used as a marker of recent dosing with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-emtricitabine (TDF-FTC). The half-life of FTC-TP was estimated in DBS samples obtained from an intensive pharmacokinetic (PK) study of coformulated TDF-FTC in HIV-negative and HIV-infected participants. The concordance of quantifiable FTC-TP in DBS with tenofovir (TFV)/FTC in plasma was evaluated by utilizing paired plasma-DBS samples from participants enrolled in 2 large preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) open-label trials. The time to FTC-TP nondetectability after TDF-FTC dosing was evaluated utilizing DBS from HIV-negative participants enrolled in a directly observed therapy study of variable adherence to TDF-FTC. The mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) terminal half-life of FTC-TP in the PK study was 35 (23 to 47) h. A total of 143/163 (88%) samples obtained 0 to 48 h post-TDF-FTC dose had quantifiable FTC-TP in DBS, compared with 2/93 (2%) and 0/87 (0%) obtained >48 and >96 h postdose. In 746 paired plasma-DBS samples from 445 participants enrolled in PrEP trials, when both TFV/FTC in plasma were below the limit of quantification, FTC-TP was as well in 98.9% of the samples, and when either TFV or FTC in plasma was quantifiable, FTC-TP was as well in 90.5% of the samples. The half-life of FTC-TP in DBS is short relative to that of TFV-diphosphate (TFV-DP), making it a surrogate for TFV-FTC detection in plasma. FTC-TP can be quantified in DBS simultaneously with TFV-DP, which quantifies cumulative adherence to TDF-FTC. (The clinical trials discussed in this article have been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifiers NCT01040091, NCT02022657, NCT00458393, NCT01772823, and NCT02012621.

The complete mitochondrial and plastid genomes of the invasive marine red alga Caulacanthus okamurae (Caulacanthaceae, Rhodophyta) from Moss Landing, California, USA

Caulacanthus okamurae is an invasive red alga that forms extensive mats in sheltered marine habitats around the world. To determine its genomic structure and genetic relationship to native and other non-native populations of C. okamurae, high-throughput sequencing analysis was performed on an introduced specimen from Bennett Slough, Moss Landing, California, USA. Assembly of 23,146,595 filtered 150 bp paired-end Illumina sequencing reads yielded its complete mitogenome (GenBank accession MT193839) and plastid genome (GenBank accession MT193838). The mitogenome is 25,995 bp in length and contains 50 genes. The plastid genome is 173,516 bp and contains 234 genes. Comparison of the organellar chromosomes to other Gigartinales revealed a high-level of gene synteny. BLAST analysis of marker sequences (rbcL, cox1, cox2) of C. okamurae from Moss Landing identified four identical DNA sequences: one from a specimen from a native population of C. okamurae from South Korea and three from specimens representing invasive populations from France, Spain, and the USA. These genetic results confirm the presence of C. okamurae in central California, USA, and represent the first complete mitogenome and plastid genome from the Caulacanthaceae