Les importacions etrusques del segle V a.C. al nord-est peninsular i el comerç mediterrani

Afí d'ubicar geogràfica i històricament les importacions etrusques del segle V a.e. al nord-est peninsular, partim d'un estudi actualitzat deis objectes en si i de llur context arqueològic. Tot seguit, observem quina és la situació històrica a Etrúria, tenint en compte els esdeveniments interns i la seva política comercial. A través de l'anillisi de les influències púniques i gregues en les nostres terres, esbossem la situació interna de la societat ibèrica, receptora d'aquestes importacions mediterranies. És així com arribem a tenir una visió força completa de tot el procés que segueixen els diversos productes etruscs i com en podem treure conclusions tant pel que fa al context de fabricació i exportació com pe! que fa al moment d'arribada a la Península Iberica. _____________________________________________ Dans le but de situer geographiquement et historiquement les importations étrusques du Veme siecle ay. Je. du nord-est de la Péninsule Ibérique, nous proposons une étude mise a jour de ces différents objets ainsi que de leur contexte archéologique. Nous examinons ensuite quelle est la situation historique en Etrurie en tenant compte des évenements internes et de sa politique commerciale. A partir de l'analyse des influences puniques et grecques dans la zone étudiée, nous observons la situation interne de la société ibérique, réceptrice de ces importations méditerranéennes. Arrivés a ce point, nous disposons d'une vision assez large de tout le chemin suivit par les produits étrusques et nous sommes, donc, capables d' en tirer des conclusions sur leur contexte de fabrication et exportation mais aussi sur leur moment d'arrivée a la Péninsule Ibérique

Interrelació de les estructures comercials protohistòriques a l'àrea del Mediterrani Centre-Occidental: dos casos d'estudi: Etrúria i Iberia

Tesi de Llicenciatura per a la obtenció del Grau d'Història i Geografia. Universitat de Barcelona. Directora: Glòria Munilla Cabrillana. Setembre de 1995.El nostre estudi es basa fonamentalment en les importacions etrusques localitzades a Catalunya. Hem procurat fer-ne un inventari, el més complet i exhaustiu possible, a partir de les diferents publicicions i d'algun fragment inèdit procedent de les antigues excavacions de la Palaiàpolis emporitana. Tot i això, donada la relació de l'àrea de l'Ebre amb el Llevant peninsular i Eivissa, hem cregut igualment necessari d'incloure dins del nostre treball la problemàtica referent a aquestes dues àrees i les importacions etrusques que s'hi han localitzat, si més no, de manera representativa. Pel que fa al sud peninsular, durant aquests últims anys, hom ha realitzat nombrosos treballs on s'han posat al descobert noves troballes etrusques que fan replantejar-se la qüestió de les relacions comercials d'aquesta àrea amb el món etrusc. A causa de la complexitat i de la magnitud del tema, creiem que mereix ser tractat degudament en un estudi més específic. Per tant, nosaltres ens hem limitat a mencionar els trets més representatius del que s'esdevé en aquesta àrea i que mantenen alguna mena de relació directa el nord-est peninsular

How do women living with HIV experience menopause? Menopausal symptoms, anxiety and depression according to reproductive age in a multicenter cohort

CatedresBackground: To estimate the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression and to assess the differences according to menopausal status among women living with HIV aged 45-60 years from the cohort of Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Methods: Women were interviewed by phone between September 2017 and December 2018 to determine whether they had experienced menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression. The Menopause Rating Scale was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of symptoms related to menopause in three subscales: somatic, psychologic and urogenital; and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used for anxiety/depression. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of association between menopausal status, and other potential risk factors, the presence and severity of somatic, psychological and urogenital symptoms and of anxiety/depression. Results: Of 251 women included, 137 (54.6%) were post-, 70 (27.9%) peri- and 44 (17.5%) pre-menopausal, respectively. Median age of onset menopause was 48 years (IQR 45-50). The proportions of pre-, peri- and post-menopausal women who had experienced any menopausal symptoms were 45.5%, 60.0% and 66.4%, respectively. Both peri- and post-menopause were associated with a higher likelihood of having somatic symptoms (aOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.38-6.55 and 2.63; 1.44-4.81, respectively), while post-menopause increased the likelihood of having psychological (2.16; 1.13-4.14) and urogenital symptoms (2.54; 1.42-4.85). By other hand, post-menopausal women had a statistically significant five-fold increase in the likelihood of presenting severe urogenital symptoms than pre-menopausal women (4.90; 1.74-13.84). No significant differences by menopausal status were found for anxiety/depression. Joint/muscle problems, exhaustion and sleeping disorders were the most commonly reported symptoms among all women. Differences in the prevalences of vaginal dryness (p = 0.002), joint/muscle complaints (p = 0.032), and sweating/flush (p = 0.032) were found among the three groups. Conclusions: Women living with HIV experienced a wide variety of menopausal symptoms, some of them initiated before women had any menstrual irregularity. We found a higher likelihood of somatic symptoms in peri- and post-menopausal women, while a higher likelihood of psychological and urogenital symptoms was found in post-menopausal women. Most somatic symptoms were of low or moderate severity, probably due to the good clinical and immunological situation of these women

Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Results From the CREDENCE Trial and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Chronic kidney disease with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate or elevated albuminuria increases risk for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. This study assessed the effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on stroke and atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) from CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation) and a meta-analysis of large cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of SGLT2i in type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS: CREDENCE randomized 4401 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease to canagliflozin or placebo. Post hoc, we estimated effects on fatal or nonfatal stroke, stroke subtypes, and intermediate markers of stroke risk including AF/AFL. Stroke and AF/AFL data from 3 other completed large CVOTs and CREDENCE were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.RESULTS: In CREDENCE, 142 participants experienced a stroke during follow-up (10.9/1000 patient-years with canagliflozin, 14.2/1000 patient-years with placebo; hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.55-1.08]). Effects by stroke subtypes were: ischemic (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.61-1.28]; n=111), hemorrhagic (HR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.19-1.32]; n=18), and undetermined (HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.20-1.46]; n=17). There was no clear effect on AF/AFL (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.53-1.10]; n=115). The overall effects in the 4 CVOTs combined were: total stroke (HRpooled, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.82-1.12]), ischemic stroke (HRpooled, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.89-1.14]), hemorrhagic stroke (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.30-0.83]), undetermined stroke (HRpooled, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.49-1.51]), and AF/AFL (HRpooled, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.71-0.93]). There was evidence that SGLT2i effects on total stroke varied by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (P=0.01), with protection in the lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate (<45 mL/min/1.73 m2]) subgroup (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.31-0.79]).CONCLUSIONS: Although we found no clear effect of SGLT2i on total stroke in CREDENCE or across trials combined, there was some evidence of benefit in preventing hemorrhagic stroke and AF/AFL, as well as total stroke for those with lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate. Future research should focus on confirming these data and exploring potential mechanisms. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02065791