Efectos del tramadol sobre la respiración y el metabolismo basal

We have studied the action of Tramadol (a potent anagesic) over the respiratory center and the metabolism in rats. We used the minute respiratory volume and the metabolic rate as parameters of our study. We found that variations in both parameters had close relationship. The minute respiratory volume and the metabolic rate got a significant increase by the action of Tramadol.Estudiamos la acción del Tramadol (un potente analgésico), en ratones, sobre el centro respiratorio y el metabolismo; como parámetros tomamos el volumen respiratorio minuto y el metabolismo basa!. Encontramos que las variaciones de ambos parámetros guardan estrecha relación y tanto el volumen minuto respiratorio como el metabolismo basal se incrementan significativamente por acción de Tramado!

Mathematical Modeling for 2D Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy image reconstruction

We study an inverse problem for Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM), where the density of fluorescent molecules needs to be reconstructed. Our first step is to present a mathematical model to describe the measurements obtained by an optic camera during an LSFM experiment. Two meaningful stages are considered: excitation and fluorescence. We propose a paraxial model to describe the excitation process which is directly related with the Fermi pencil-beam equation. For the fluorescence stage, we use the transport equation to describe the transport of photons towards the detection camera. For the mathematical inverse problem that we obtain after the modeling, we present a uniqueness result, recasting the problem as the recovery of the initial condition for the heat equation in $\mathbb{R}\times(0,\infty)$ from measurements in a space-time curve. Additionally, we present numerical experiments to recover the density of the fluorescent molecules by discretizing the proposed model and facing this problem as the solution of a large and sparse linear system. Some iterative and regularized methods are used to achieve this objective. The results show that solving the inverse problem achieves better reconstructions than the direct acquisition method that is currently used

Description of a hamartoma-type odontoma in Angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare)

Constancia de exposiciónFish present the same variety of tumors as described in mammals and birds. Odontogenic tumors are related to alterations in epithelial and/or mesenchymal tissues involved in the formation and development of teeth. Histologically, the odontoma is a tumor characterized by abortive tooth formations and dental tissues (i.e. enamel, dentin, and cementum) that are normally formed but present a more or less disorganized pattern. In small fish species, odontogenic tumors have almost exclusively been described in angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) and ocellaris clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris). These tumors are macroscopically characterized as a nodular mass located in the frontal regions of the mouth. In angelfish these tumors have been described only as individual cases either as lip fibroma (in captive specimens) or as ameloblastoma (in wild specimens), but in this report we describe the occurrence of tumors in the frontal region of the mouth in a group of twenty aquarium angelfish.Ciencia Básica CONACYT México: reference 287537

Description of a hamartoma-type odontoma in Angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare)

Archivo de memoriaFish present the same variety of tumors as described in mammals and birds. Odontogenic tumors are related to alterations in epithelial and/or mesenchymal tissues involved in the formation and development of teeth. Histologically, the odontoma is a tumor characterized by abortive tooth formations and dental tissues (i.e. enamel, dentin, and cementum) that are normally formed but present a more or less disorganized pattern. In small fish species, odontogenic tumors have almost exclusively been described in angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) and ocellaris clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris). These tumors are macroscopically characterized as a nodular mass located in the frontal regions of the mouth. In angelfish these tumors have been described only as individual cases either as lip fibroma (in captive specimens) or as ameloblastoma (in wild specimens), but in this report we describe the occurrence of tumors in the frontal region of the mouth in a group of twenty aquarium angelfish.Conacyt, proyecto 287537 (UAEM 4618-2018-C

Public tourism policy as a tool for social cohesion and a solidarity tourism model in 4Q: situation and challenges

Se pretende mostrar el reto que representa asumir el turismo como una herramienta de cohesión social que permita delinear un modelo de turismo solidario en la administración pública federal 2018-2024

Efecto del extracto atomizado de las hojas de Calophyllum brasiliense “lagarto caspi” sobre la glicemia

OBJETIVOEvaluar el efecto hipoglicemiante del Calophylum brasiliense.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOPreparamos los extractos atomizado, acuoso, hexánico, diclorometánico, metanólico y etanólico de las hojas de Calophyllum brasiliense. La diabetes experimental fue inducida por administración intraperitoneal de 100 mg/kg de estreptozotocina. El efecto hipoglicemiante de Calophyllum brasiliense fue evaluado en ratas hiperglicémicas, con niveles de glucosa superiores a 300 mg/dLy la dosis usada fue 250, 500, 1000 y 1500 mg/kg, comparándolo con el grupo control negativo que recibió 10 ml de agua destilada vía oral y un grupo control positivo al que se le administró Glibenclamida a la dosis de 10 mg/Kg. Los valores de glucosa fueron determinados a las 1, 2, 3 y 4 horas, después de administrar los extractos y los controles. Finalmente el extracto atomizado fue fraccionado con el fin de caracterizar los principios activos de la planta.RESULTADOSObservamos efecto hipoglicemiante una hora después de administrados los extractos. El mayor efecto observado con la dosis de 1000 mg/Kg, fue 69.28% superior a la Glibenclamida, duró todo el tiempo del experimento (4 horas), y demostramos la presencia de Calanólidas por Resonancia Magnética Nuclear (RMNH/RMNC).CONCLUSIONESEl extracto atomizado de Calophyllum brasiliense posee un buen efecto hipoglicemiante a la dosis de 1000 mg/Kg (100%), en comparación con Glibenclamida.

Associations of diabetes, hypertension and obesity with COVID-19 mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction Despite a growing body of scholarly research on the risks of severe COVID-19 associated with diabetes, hypertension and obesity, there is a need for estimating pooled risk estimates with adjustment for confounding effects. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled adjusted risk ratios of diabetes, hypertension and obesity on COVID-19 mortality. Methods We searched 16 literature databases for original studies published between 1 December 2019 and 31 December 2020. We used the adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess the risk of bias. Pooled risk ratios were estimated based on the adjusted effect sizes. We applied random-effects meta-analysis to account for the uncertainty in residual heterogeneity. We used contour-funnel plots and Egger’s test to assess possible publication bias. Results We reviewed 34 830 records identified in literature search, of which 145 original studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled adjusted risk ratios were 1.43 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.54), 1.19 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.30) and 1.39 (95% CI 1.27 to 1.52) for diabetes, hypertension and obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) on COVID-19 mortality, respectively. The pooled adjusted risk ratios appeared to be stronger in studies conducted before April 2020, Western Pacific Region, low- and middle-income countries, and countries with low Global Health Security Index scores, when compared with their counterparts. Conclusions Diabetes, hypertension and obesity were associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 mortality independent of other known risk factors, particularly in low-resource settings. Addressing these chronic diseases could be important for global pandemic preparedness and mortality prevention. PROSPERO registration number CRD4202120437

Two new phreatic snails (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda, Cochliopidae) from the Edwards and Edwards-Trinity aquifers, Texas

The Edwards and Edwards-Trinity Aquifers of Texas have diverse stygofauna, including fifteen species of snails found in phreatic and hyporheic habitats. These species have the hallmarks of adaptation to subterranean environments including extremely small body size and the loss of pigmentation and eyes. Here we use an integrative taxonomic approach, using shell, radula, and anatomical features as well as mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data, to circumscribe a new genus and two new cavesnail species from Central Texas. Vitropyrgus lillianae gen. et sp. nov. is described from Comal Springs (Comal County) and Fessenden Springs (Kerr County) and distinguished by a glassy, highly sculptured shell and distinctively simple, unornamented penial morphology. We also describe Phreatodrobia bulla sp. nov. from Hidden Springs (Bell County), and several other springs in Bell & Williamson Counties, Texas. This species has a smooth, unsculptured teleoconch, a reflected and flared lip, and deeply concave operculum

A study of the neglected Galactic HII region NGC 2579 and its companion ESO 370-9

The Galactic HII region NGC 2579 has stayed undeservedly unexplored due to identification problems which persisted until recently. Both NGC 2579 and its companion ESO 370-9 have been misclassified as planetary or reflection nebula, confused with each other and with other objects. Due to its high surface brightness, high excitation, angular size of few arcminutes and relatively low interstellar extinction, NGC 2579 is an ideal object for investigations in the optical range. Located in the outer Galaxy, NGC 2579 is an excellent object for studying the Galactic chemical abundance gradients. In this paper we present the first comprehensive observational study on the nebular and stellar properties of NGC 2579 and ESO 370-9, including the determination of electron temperature, density structure, chemical composition, kinematics, distance, and the identification and spectral classification of the ionizing stars, and discuss the nature of ESO 370-9. Long slit spectrophotometric data in the optical range were used to derive the nebular electron temperature, density and chemical abundances and for the spectral classification of the ionizing star candidates. Halpha and UBV CCD photometry was carried out to derive stellar distances from spectroscopic parallax and to measure the ionizing photon flux.Comment: To be published in Astronomy & Astrophysic

Ultrasound assisted one-pot synthesis of benzo-fused indole-4, 9-dinones from 1,4-naphthoquinone and α-aminoacetals

A one-pot synthesis of benzo[f]indole-4,9-diones from 1,4-naphthoquinone with α-aminoacetals has been developed. This method provides a straightforward synthesis of benzo[f]indole-4,9-diones via intramolecular nucleophilic attack of aminoquinones to aldehydes under mild reaction conditions. The detailed mechanism was also investigated