Pulmonary thromboembolism and alveolar hemorrhage as initial manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs. SLE can affect the lung, the pulmonary vasculature, and the pleura. A 38-year-old female with limb pain and ecchymosis who later developed pulmonary thromboembolism and alveolar hemorrhage is presented here. Clinical, imaging, laboratory, and histopathological evidence is presented. The patient met the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for SLE. Furthermore, the patient had a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) score of 35; thus, indicating severe disease. This case is an example of concomitant venous and arterial lung complications in an SLE patient

Experimental Brain Death Models in Liver Transplantation

Most organs for transplantation are currently procured from brain-dead donors; however, brain death is an important risk factor in liver transplantation. In addition, to counteract the shortage of liver grafts, transplant centers accept the use of sub-optimal livers, which may show higher risk of primary non-function or initial poor function. Very few literatures exist regarding liver transplantation using brain-dead donors, or about brain death and its effects on sub-optimal grafts in such surgical situation. This chapter aims to describe the pathophysiological changes occurring in liver grafts during brain death and focuses on the strengths and limitations of experimental models used to study the effect of brain death on optimal and sub-optimal (specially steatotic) liver grafts. Depending on the use of experimental models that simulate as much as possible the surgical conditions present in clinical practice, therapeutic strategies designed in animal models could be more successfully translated to the bedside

Cause of Death estimation from Verbal Autopsies: Is the Open Response redundant or synergistic?

Civil registration and vital statistics systems capture birth and death events to compile vital statistics and to provide legal rights to citizens. Vital statistics are a key factor in promoting public health policies and the health of the population. Medical certification of cause of death is the preferred source of cause of death information. However, two thirds of all deaths worldwide are not captured in routine mortality information systems and their cause of death is unknown. Verbal autopsy is an interim solution for estimating the cause of death distribution at the population level in the absence of medical certification. A Verbal Autopsy (VA) consists of an interview with the relative or the caregiver of the deceased. The VA includes both Closed Questions (CQs) with structured answer options, and an Open Response (OR) consisting of a free narrative of the events expressed in natural language and without any pre-determined structure. There are a number of automated systems to analyze the CQs to obtain cause specific mortality fractions with limited performance. We hypothesize that the incorporation of the text provided by the OR might convey relevant information to discern the CoD. The experimental layout compares existing Computer Coding Verbal Autopsy methods such as Tariff 2.0 with other approaches well suited to the processing of structured inputs as is the case of the CQs. Next, alternative approaches based on language models are employed to analyze the OR. Finally, we propose a new method with a bi-modal input that combines the CQs and the OR. Empirical results corroborated that the CoD prediction capability of the Tariff 2.0 algorithm is outperformed by our method taking into account the valuable information conveyed by the OR. As an added value, with this work we made available the software to enable the reproducibility of the results attained with a version implemented in R to make the comparison with Tariff 2.0 evident.This work was partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (DOTT-HEALTH/PAT-MED PID2019-106942RB-C31); by both Antidote PCI2020-120717-2 and Lotu TED2021-130398B-C22 funded by the MCIN/AEI / 10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/ PRTR; by the Basque Government (IXA IT-1570-22); and by Misiones Euskampus 2.0 (EXTEPA)

Aportaciones de las técnicas de aprendizaje automático a la clasificación de partes de alta hospitalarios reales en castellano

Hospitals attached to the Spanish Ministry of Health are currently using the International Classification of Diseases 9 Clinical Modification (ICD9-CM) to classify health discharge records. Nowadays, this work is manually done by experts. This paper tackles the automatic classification of real Discharge Records in Spanish following the ICD9-CM standard. The challenge is that the Discharge Records are written in spontaneous language. We explore several machine learning techniques to deal with the classification problem. Random Forest resulted in the most competitive one, achieving an F-measure of 0.876.La red de hospitales que configuran el sistema español de sanidad utiliza la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades Modificación Clínica (ICD9-CM) para codificar partes de alta hospitalaria. Hoy en día, este trabajo lo realizan a mano los expertos. Este artículo aborda la problemática de clasificar automáticamente partes reales de alta hospitalaria escritos en español teniendo en cuenta el estándar ICD9-CM. El desafío radica en que los partes hospitalarios están escritos con lenguaje espontáneo. Hemos experimentado con varios sistemas de aprendizaje automático para solventar este problema de clasificación. El algoritmo Random Forest es el más competitivo de los probados, obtiene un F-measure de 0.876.This work was partially supported by the European Commission (SEP-210087649), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (TIN2012-38584-C06-02) and the Industry of the Basque Government (IT344-10)

Espermioestasis y adenomiosis en epididimo de macho cabrío: informe de un caso

Las alteraciones del testículo de los pequeños rumiantes tienen gran Importancia porque repercuten en la reproducción de estas especies

The Current State of Knowledge of Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Based on Its Study in Experimental Models

The present review focuses on the numerous experimental models used to study the complexity of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Although experimental models of hepatic I/R injury represent a compromise between the clinical reality and experimental simplification, the clinical transfer of experimental results is problematic because of anatomical and physiological differences and the inevitable simplification of experimental work. In this review, the strengths and limitations of the various models of hepatic I/R are discussed. Several strategies to protect the liver from I/R injury have been developed in animal models and, some of these, might find their way into clinical practice. We also attempt to highlight the fact that the mechanisms responsible for hepatic I/R injury depend on the experimental model used, and therefore the therapeutic strategies also differ according to the model used. Thus, the choice of model must therefore be adapted to the clinical question being answered

Digital Processing Techniques for Fringe Analysis

Digital image processing techniques are needed in order to recover the object information encoded in fringe patterns generated in a determined interferometric setup. Main fringe analysis techniques are reviewed in order to give the reader the most fundamental insights for the interpretation of interferograms. Phase shifted, open fringe, lateral shear and other types of interferograms make use of specific procedures to correctly retrieving the searched phase. Here, algorithms are described and tested in numerical simulations and real data

Infección experimental de linfadenitis caseosa en ovinos

Se llevó a cabo un estudio experimental con Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis comparándose las rutas de infección intravenosa y subcutánea con la finalidad de contribuir a esclarecer la patogénesis de la linfadenitis caseosa. Se utilizaron tres grupos,

Habilitación tecnológica de profesores universitarios y docentes de educación básica

En este artículo se presenta una revisión de las tendencias e implicaciones generales de la educación superior y educación continua de profesores y docentes en modalidad no presencial en México –de inicio– y en Veracruz –en un segundo lugar–, estado donde la educación a distancia con mediación digital ha sido una opción de formación de estudiantes y profesores de alcance considerable. La habilitación tecnológica de docentes y profesores a través de medios digitales es cada vez más conveniente y para atender las necesidades actuales se requiere una ruptura del paradigma imperante de saber computación ligado usualmente a la ofimática. Como propuesta de cambio a la estructura de formación docente, construimos dos diplomados virtuales de habilitación tecnológica cuya base es la teoría de los saberes digitales. Los diplomados diseñados en 2017 y 2018, hoy se ofrecen por la Asociación Nacional de Universidades e Instituciones de Educación Superior y por el Sistema Nacional de Educación a Distancia; además de la teoría de los saberes digitales, los programas consideran el nivel educativo de los docentes de educación básica y el campo disciplinario en el que se desempeñan los profesores universitarios como ejes de articulación de una formación pertinente de los profesionales de la educación