Multifacet holographic optical elements

New types of holographic optical elements, combining the flexibility of computer generated holograms with the large space bandwidth product and high diffraction efficiency of interferometrically recorded volume phase holograms, are demonstrated. The optical elements are recorded by subdividing a volume hologram film surface into numerous small areas (facets), each of which is individually exposed under computer control. Each facet is used to produce a portion of the desired final wavefront. Three different optical elements are demonstrated

TOPEX satellite concept. TOPEX option study report

Candidate bus equipment from the Viking, Applications Explorer Mission, and Small Scientific Satellite programs for application to the TOPEX mission options is assessed. Propulsion module equipment and subsystem candidates from the Applications Explorer Mission satellites and the Small Scientific Satellite spacecraft are evaluated for those TOPEX options. Several subsystem concepts appropriate to the TOPEX options are described. These descriptions consider performance characteristics of the subsystems. Cost and availability information on the candidate equipment and subsystems are also provided

The Death of Jesus and the Truth of the Triune God in Wolfhart Pannenberg and Eberhard Juengel

For Pannenberg and Juengel the death of Christ has an integral role to play in instantiating in the life of God the critical moment necessary to their respective conceptions of truth. For Pannenberg a claim\u27s capacity for truth lies in its ability to be disputed. Confirmation must follow if a claim is to be judged true, but even this confirmation is open to subsequent challenge. Truth is hence a historical process, only the end of which will bring about a definitive conclusion. Given this understanding of truth, the death of Christ on the cross is to be understood as a disputation to the deity of God, since the Father\u27s lordship is dependent upon the Son, and God\u27s lordship is not external to God\u27s deity. In the resurrection of Jesus the Holy Spirit confirms Jesus and his claims about the Father\u27s lordship, but the confirmation of this claim remains open to challenge by history. For Juengel, truth is approached phenomenologically, by attending to the event of interruption in our lives which occurs when we are apprehended by an external reality. Our self-continuity is interrupted, and if this interruption can be assimilated, an enhancement of our lives takes place in which new possibilities for being emerge. Considered in this light, Christ is the \u27two-fold\u27 interruption, in whom God draws closer to us than we are able to ourselves, and in whom God has allowed his own life to be interrupted by our sin and death. The Holy Spirit in the resurrection reveals that such an interruption did not end in the termination of God\u27s existence, but that the nothingness of death is taken up into God\u27s differentiated life

Some triviality results for quasi-Einstein manifolds and Einstein warped products

In this paper we prove a number of triviality results for Einstein warped products and quasi-Einstein manifolds using different techniques and under assumptions of various nature. In particular we obtain and exploit gradient estimates for solutions of weighted Poisson-type equations and adaptations to the weighted setting of some Liouville-type theorems.Comment: 15 pages, fixed minor mistakes in Section

Probing the Interstellar Medium of External Galaxies Using Quasar Absorption Lines: the 3C 232/NGC 3067 System

Quasar absorption lines offer unique opportunities to probe the interstellar medium of external galaxies. Researchers present new optical and UV absorption line spectroscopy of the quasar 3C232 (z=0.55) revealing new detail in the foreground absorption system due to the bright, spiral galaxy NGC 3067 (cz=1420 km/s). Specifically, the spectra show evidence for two and possibly three separate absorption components in CaII and Na I spanning approx. 150 km/s. The original HI detection of Haschick and Burke (1975) corresponds to the strongest of these metal systems which exhibits doublet ratios consistent with saturation in both CaII and Na I. Due to the recent detection in HI emission of a tidal tail or finger of HI extending from the western edge of NGC 3067 through the position of 3C 232 (Carilli, van Gorkom and Stocke, 1989), the morphology of the HI absorber is now known and is not either a warped disk nor a spherical halo as had been proposed. New deep continuum and H alpha imaging provides a sensitive upper limit on the the ionizing continuum impinging upon this cloud (and thus a limit on the intensity of the extragalactic ionizing radiation field). Together with the observed UV spectrum of 3C 232, the optical emission line ratios and the deep H alpha imaging set a minimum distance between the quasar and the HI cloud disregarding redshift information. This limit strains the non-cosmological redshift interpretation for 3C 232 -- and this quasar is one of the original 5 3C quasars found to be too close to NGC galaxies as if by chance (Burbidge, Burbidge, Solomon and Strittmatter, 1972)

Stochastic evolution of four species in cyclic competition

We study the stochastic evolution of four species in cyclic competition in a well mixed environment. In systems composed of a finite number $N$ of particles these simple interaction rules result in a rich variety of extinction scenarios, from single species domination to coexistence between non-interacting species. Using exact results and numerical simulations we discuss the temporal evolution of the system for different values of $N$, for different values of the reaction rates, as well as for different initial conditions. As expected, the stochastic evolution is found to closely follow the mean-field result for large $N$, with notable deviations appearing in proximity of extinction events. Different ways of characterizing and predicting extinction events are discussed.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures, submitted to J. Stat. Mec

Brief Note: The Status of Ermine (Mustela erminea) in Ohio

Author Institution: Ohio Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, The Ohio State University and Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of WildlifeThe status of ermine as regular inhabitants of Ohio has been unclear. Previously, only three records were known from the state. In this study, size 0 leghold traps and 8 x 8 x 25 cm Sherman traps were used to capture five ermine in Ashtabula and Trumbull Counties during summer 1987 and two in Trumbull County in 1988. Ermine are permanent residents in at least Trumbull County