A self-adaptive automatic incident detection system for road surveillance based on deep learning

Producción CientíficaWe present an automatic road incident detector characterised by a low computational complexity for easy implementation in affordable devices, automatic adaptability to changes in scenery and road conditions, and automatic detection of the most common incidents (vehicles with abnormal speed, pedestrians or objects falling on the road, vehicles stopped on the shoulder, and detection of kamikaze vehicles). To achieve these goals, different tasks have been addressed: lane segmentation, identification of traffic directions, and elimination of unnecessary objects in the foreground. The proposed system has been tested on a collection of videos recorded in real scenarios with real traffic, including areas with different lighting. Self-adaptability (plug and play) to different scenarios has been tested using videos with significant scene changes. The achieved system can process a minimum of 80 video frames within the camera’s field of view, covering a distance of 400 m, all within a span of 12 s. This capability ensures that vehicles travelling at speeds of 120 km/h are seamlessly detected with more than enough margin. Additionally, our analysis has revealed a substantial improvement in incident detection with respect to previous approaches. Specifically, an increase in accuracy of 2–5% in automatic mode and 2–7% in semi-automatic mode. The proposed classifier module only needs 2.3 MBytes of GPU to carry out the inference, thus allowing implementation in low-cost devices.Junta de Castilla y León, Instituto de Competitividad Empresarial y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) - (grants 04/18/VA/0008, 04/18/VA/0013, 04/20/VA/0130)European Union’s Horizon 2020 and Innovation Program Marie Skłodowska-Curie - (Grant 101008297

A Self-Adaptive Automatic Incident Detection System for Road Surveillance Based on Deep Learning

first_page settings Order Article Reprints Open AccessArticle A Self-Adaptive Automatic Incident Detection System for Road Surveillance Based on Deep Learning by César Bartolomé-Hornillos 1, Luis M. San-José-Revuelta 1 [ORCID] , Javier M. Aguiar-Pérez 1 [ORCID] , Carlos García-Serrada 2, Eduardo Vara-Pazos 2 and Pablo Casaseca-de-la-Higuera 1,* [ORCID] 1 ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain 2 Construcciones y Obras Llorente, S.A., 47012 Valladolid, Spain * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Sensors 2024, 24(6), 1822; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061822 Submission received: 7 February 2024 / Revised: 2 March 2024 / Accepted: 8 March 2024 / Published: 12 March 2024 (This article belongs to the Section Vehicular Sensing) Download keyboard_arrow_down Browse Figures Versions Notes Abstract We present an automatic road incident detector characterised by a low computational complexity for easy implementation in affordable devices, automatic adaptability to changes in scenery and road conditions, and automatic detection of the most common incidents (vehicles with abnormal speed, pedestrians or objects falling on the road, vehicles stopped on the shoulder, and detection of kamikaze vehicles). To achieve these goals, different tasks have been addressed: lane segmentation, identification of traffic directions, and elimination of unnecessary objects in the foreground. The proposed system has been tested on a collection of videos recorded in real scenarios with real traffic, including areas with different lighting. Self-adaptability (plug and play) to different scenarios has been tested using videos with significant scene changes. The achieved system can process a minimum of 80 video frames within the camera’s field of view, covering a distance of 400 m, all within a span of 12 s. This capability ensures that vehicles travelling at speeds of 120 km/h are seamlessly detected with more than enough margin. Additionally, our analysis has revealed a substantial improvement in incident detection with respect to previous approaches. Specifically, an increase in accuracy of 2–5% in automatic mode and 2–7% in semi-automatic mode. The proposed classifier module only needs 2.3 MBytes of GPU to carry out the inference, thus allowing implementation in low-cost devices.This work was supported in part by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF-FEDER) through the Instituto de Competitividad Empresarial (Junta de Castilla y León, Spain) under Grants (04/18/VA/0008, 04/18/VA/0013, 04/20/VA/0130) and in part by Construcciones y Obras Llorente S.A. The work was also partly supported by the EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 101008297. This article reflects only the authors’ view. The European Union Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contain

Fast 4D elastic group-wise image registration. Convolutional interpolation revisited

Background and Objective:This paper proposes a new and highly efficient implementation of 3D+t groupwise registration based on the free-form deformation paradigm. Methods:Deformation is posed as a cascade of 1D convolutions, achieving great reduction in execution time for evaluation of transformations and gradients. Results:The proposed method has been applied to 4D cardiac MRI and 4D thoracic CT monomodal datasets. Results show an average runtime reduction above 90%, both in CPU and GPU executions, compared with the classical tensor product formulation. Conclusions:Our implementation, although fully developed for the metric sum of squared differences, can be extended to other metrics and its adaptation to multiresolution strategies is straightforward. Therefore, it can be extremely useful to speed up image registration procedures in different applications where high dimensional data are involved.MEC-TEC2017-82408-

Study, diagnosis and proposal for the conservation and restoration of the sculpture "San Cristóbal" by Gil de Ronza, from the church of San Sebastián de los Caballeros, Toro (Zamora)

La escultura de San Cristobal es una de las pocas piezas que se conservan del magnífico conjunto que decoraba la capilla funeraria del deán don Diego Vázquez de Cepeda, realizada por Gil de Ronza en el primer cuarto del siglo XVI y que se encontraba en el convento de San Francisco en la ciudad de Zamora. La obra de este autor procedente de Flandes se encuadra dentro del contexto cultural tardogótico, donde las influencias de la escultura germano-flamenca de su época empiezan a dar paso algunas características renacentistas. Tras el abandono del convento las obras que contenía se desperdigaron y, tras un penoso periplo, San Cristóbal ha terminado expuesta en la colección que alberga la iglesia de San Sebastián de los Caballeros en Toro (Zamora). Tallada en madera y policromada, esta escultura de gran formato representa al gigante y legendario santo que porta sobre sus hombros al Niño Jesús mientras vadea un río. En este trabajo se estudia la obra en su contexto histórico-artístico, se estudia su naturaleza material y técnica con ayuda de distintos estudios previos de carácter científico y se diagnostica su estado de conservación. El factor que más ha comprometido su conservación ha sido la acción del hombre, afectando gravemente la integridad de la escultura, fruto de su antigua función religiosa, de las distintas ubicaciones, del abandono en otras épocas en condiciones ambientales muy desfavorables y cuyo resultado han sido patologías severas, fundamentalmente de tipo estructural, pérdidas de policromía y de material escultórico y un grave ataque de xilófagos. Finalmente, se propone un tratamiento de conservación y de restauración atendiendo también a aspectos preventivos, ajustados a los criterios, normas y legislación actuales.The sculpture of San Cristobal is one of the few pieces that remain from the magnificent set that decorated the funeral chapel of the dean Don Diego Vázquez de Cepeda, made by Gil de Ronza in the first quarter of the sixteenth century and originally located the convent of San Francisco in the city of Zamora. The work of this Flemish author is framed within the late Gothic cultural context, where the influences of German-Flemish sculpture of his time begin to give way to some Renaissance characteristics. After the abandonment of the convent, the works it contained were scattered and, after a painful journey, San Cristóbal has ended up on display in the collection housed in the church of San Sebastián de los Caballeros in Toro (Zamora). Carved in wood and polychromed, this large-format sculpture represents the giant and legendary saint who carries the Child Jesus on his shoulders while fording a river. In this work, the piece is studied in its historical-artistic context, its material and technical nature is studied with the help of different previous scientific studies and its state of conservation is diagnosed. The main factor that has most compromised its conservation has been the action of man, seriously affecting the integrity of the sculpture, the result of its ancient religious function, the different locations, the abandonment in other times in very unfavorable environmental conditions and whose result has been severe pathologies, mainly structural, loss of polychrome and sculptoric material and a serious attack of xylophages. Finally, a conservation and restoration treatment is proposed taking into account preventive aspects, in accordance with current criteria, standards and legislation.Depto. de Pintura y Conservación-RestauraciónFac. de Bellas ArtesTRUEunpu

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Esta tesis constituye el resultado de un trabajo de investigación cuyo objetivo ha sido el estudio de la técnica de la tela encolada en la escultura en sus diversas facetas, histórica, artística, procedimental, material y estética, centrándose especialmente en obras ubicadas en Castilla y León. La carencia de información y de estudios hasta el momento sobre esta técnica ha sido el principal motivo para abordar este trabajo, cuyas conclusiones resultan imprescindibles para el adecuado análisis de esculturas realizadas con tela encolada y para poder aplicarles tratamientos adecuados de conservación y restauración. La metodología empleada ha desarrollado estrategias en distintos niveles. Primeramente se ha hecho una revisión histórica y artística de las esculturas elaboradas con tela encolada en distintos periodos y contextos culturales, constatando que el origen del su empleo en Europa se remonta al siglo XIV, difundiéndose por América en el XVI y que continúa empleándose actualmente. En un segundo nivel se han recopilado y analizado fuentes escritas y tratados que abordan aspectos técnicos y materiales sobre esta técnica. En tercer nivel se ha repasado la tela encolada en un ámbito internacional y se han localizado y estudiado las esculturas realizadas en España, profundizando en las de Castilla y León. El resultado constituye un material novedoso que puede ser de ayuda y de referencia para investigadores, historiadores y restauradores. Describe los aspectos de la multimaterialidad presente habitualmente en su elaboración: fibras, tejidos, prendas, endurecedores, estructuras sustentantes y policromías. Se ha establecido la metodología técnica y procedimental de su proceso escultórico, en distintos periodos históricos y contextos culturales, agrupándose en dos métodos principales: tela encolada vaciada en molde y tela encolada modelada libremente. Se han podido completar aspectos procedimentales claves que eran obviados en las fuentes escritas y tratados gracias a los resultados obtenidos en la parte experimental y que han permitido relacionar las obras estudiadas con los métodos descritos. Además se han estudiado los factores implicados en su alteración y degradación, relativos a causas intrínsecas, ambientales, biológicas y antropogénicas, que nos pueden ayudar a su correcta conservación y restauración