Especialidad procesos químicos y sanitarios

Síntesis del máster en profesorado de formación profesional donde se destaca la justificación de varias asignaturas cursadas, las reflexiones y conclusiones así como las propuestas de futur

Alternativas terapéuticas de reciente desarrollo en la dermatitis atópica

La dermatitis atópica es una dermatopatía de gran importancia en la especie canina por la frecuencia de presentación. Una vez que debuta en el paciente, sabemos que le va a acompañar durante toda su vida en forma de proceso inflamatorio crónico con diferentes grados de prurito y lesiones cutáneas. El abordaje terapéutico es complejo ya que se deben tener en cuenta diferentes factores como la alimentación, el hábitat del animal, la estación del año, la edad y la raza del paciente, o la forma clínica. El éxito del control de la dermatitis atópica canina se considera un verdadero arte clínico porque será el resultado de una combinación de terapia tópica y sistémica muy adaptada a cada uno de los individuos y sus circunstancias ambientales. En los últimos años se ha investigado en el desarrollo de nuevas moléculas, como es el caso de oclacitinib, un inhibidor selectivo de las JAK o el lokivetmab que es un tratamiento monoclonal. Estas moléculas suponen una alternativa con muchas ventajas frente a los corticosteroides, que han sido las drogas base de la terapia para la mayoría de los pacientes hasta hace escasos años

REPlicating RAPid microfluidics: self-replicating printer for hydrophobic pattern deposition

Paper-based microfluidics broadens the use of point-of-care devices to applications and situations wherein cost is an important restriction. This study focuses on the REPRAP PRUSA i3 Printer that can print itself a part that combined with an infusion pump extends the capabilities of this printer, which can now create different types of hydrophobic patterns on an abundant, renewable substrate: paper. Different flow rates of the syringe pump and printing velocities are combined to optimize the resolution of this new manufacturing process. Besides different papers are used to print patterns to either check the influence of the paper type on the printing resolution or to choose the more suitable paper to build blood typing assays. The resolution improves decreasing flow rate and increasing printing velocity to a minimum value ~10% higher than the needle diameter. The printer working with a G25 needle prints microfluidic patterns that can be used to evaluate the blood type on different types of chromatographic papers. Two blood types (A- and O-) are evaluated with this new approach with results equivalent to traditional methods, validating its feasibility in clinical practice. This novel printing method for paper-based microfluidics manufacturing does not require specialized equipment or skills, it is fast and inexpensive, and thus can help to introduce the advantage of healthcare in areas where access to health systems is not guaranteed.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Novel applications of nonwood cellulose for blood typing assays

Paper-based microfluidics devices can create a new healthcare model. Cellulose is carbohydrate polymer biocompatible and hydrophilic. These characteristics enhance the development of user-friendly diagnostic devices, but the link between paper manufacturing process and performance of the devices is still unclear. Previous studies focused on either commercial papers or lab papers from wood-cellulose fibers, with different basis-weight. This work introduces the effect of refining process and lab paper from nonwood-cellulose fibers, focusing on sisal fibers to overcome the aforementioned challenge. Structural characteristics of paper, such as basis-weight and degree of refining, are optimized and correlated with blood typing test resolution. Unrefined sisal paper of 50 g/m2 and 100 g/m2 basis-weight exhibit a higher gray intensity level than refined paper, and also maximal capillary rise and a pore size suitable for blood grouping tests. Two different blood types were evaluated with results consistent with the traditional methods, testifying the usefulness of this methodology.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Enhanced fully cellulose based forward and reverse blood typing assay

This study presents an enhanced paper-based analytical device (PAD) for forward and reverse group blood typing. The proposed PAD uses a novel methodology, which provides highly reliable results on a fully cellulose based device. The PAD was printed on different cellulose substrates. These substrates were made of different cellulose fibers (sisal and eucalyptus), different grammages, refining steps, and wet additive content. Best parameters were chosen to achieve high reliability on both forward and reverse blood typing. The substrates were patterned with five hydrophilic channels and two hydrophobic areas. For reverse blood typing, the hemoagglutination reaction took place on the hydrophobic surface of the paper before being transferred to the paper web, where together with the forward blood typing tests were all washed with saline solution to read the results by elution. This device allows direct read-out of results; the stains show were agglutination happens. Different blood types were in full agreement between the reverse and forward method and in agreement with traditional methods. The time and simplicity of this methodology confirmed its utilityPostprint (author's final draft

Tuberculosis treatment adherence and fatality in Spain

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The adherence to long tuberculosis (TB) treatment is a key factor in TB control programs. Always some patients abandon the treatment or die. The objective of this study is to identify factors associated with defaulting from or dying during antituberculosis treatment.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Prospective study of a large cohort of TB cases diagnosed during 2006-2007 by 61 members of the Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR). Predictive factors of completion outcome (cured plus completed treatment vs. defaulters plus lost to follow-up) and fatality (died <it>vs. </it>the rest of patients) were based on logistic regression, calculating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the 1490 patients included, 29.7% were foreign-born. The treatment outcomes were: cured 792 (53.2%), completed treatment 540 (36.2%), failure 2 (0.1%), transfer-out 33 (2.2%), default 27 (1.8%), death 27 (1.8%), lost to follow-up 65 (4.4%), other 4 (0.3%). Completion outcome reached 93.5% and poor adherence was associated with: being an immigrant (OR = 2.03; CI:1.06-3.88), living alone (OR = 2.35; CI:1.05-5.26), residents of confined institutions (OR = 4.79; CI:1.74-13.14), previous treatment (OR = 2.93; CI:1.44-5.98), being an injecting drug user (IDU) (OR = 9.51; CI:2.70-33.47) and treatment comprehension difficulties (OR = 2.93; CI:1.44-5.98). Case fatality was 1.8% and it was associated with the following variables: age 50 or over (OR = 10.88; CI:1.12-105.01), retired (OR = 12.26;CI:1.74-86.04), HIV-infected (OR = 9.93; CI:1.48-66.34), comprehension difficulties (OR = 4.07; CI:1.24-13.29), IDU (OR = 23.59; CI:2.46-225.99) and Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) (OR = 3.54; CI:1.07-11.77).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Immigrants, those living alone, residents of confined institutions, patients treated previously, those with treatment comprehension difficulties, and IDU patients have poor adherence and should be targeted for DOT. To reduce fatality rates, stricter monitoring is required for patients who are retired, HIV-infected, IDU, and those with treatment comprehension difficulties.</p

Carrera de fondo para normalizar la aceptación de fondos documentales en la Universitat de Barcelona

[spa] Esa experiencia pretende dar a conocer los fondos documentales custodiados en la Universidad pero que no han sido generados por la propia universidad, sino que son donaciones de productores externos. Sumando esfuerzos entre el equipo de la Oficina de Archivo Histórico y Patrimonio Documental (OAHPD) que aporta los criterios de descripción archivística y la herramienta de gestión de archivo UBDOC y el equipo del CRAI bibliotecas en cuanto a descripción y custodia, se ponen éstos a disposición de la ciudadanía. Ello ha llevado, como efecto colateral, a la búsqueda de un consenso para establecer una normativa suficientemente amplia que permita establecer criterios homogéneos para gestionar las propuestas de donaciones de fondos documentales a la Universidad de Barcelona.[eng] This project aims to shed light on the documentary collections housed at the University of Barcelona, which do not originate from the institution itself but that have been generously donated by external producers. Through collaborative efforts between the Office of Historical Archives and Documentary Heritage (OAHPD), responsible for setting archival description standards and utilizing the UBDOC (University of Barcelona Documents) file management tool, and the team at the CRAI Libraries (Learning and Research Resource Center), focused on description and custody, these resources are made accessible to the public. As an unintended outcome, this initiative has spurred the exploration of a consensus-driven approach to establish comprehensive regulations, ensuring consistent criteria for managing proposals concerning documentary fund donations to the University of Barcelona

Global Emergence of Resistance to Fluconazole and Voriconazole in Candida parapsilosis in Tertiary Hospitals in Spain During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Candida parapsilosis; Antifungal resistance; OutbreaksCandida parapsilosis; Resistencia antifúngica; BrotesCandida parapsilosis; Resistència antifúngica; BrotsBackground Candida parapsilosis is a frequent cause of candidemia worldwide. Its incidence is associated with the use of medical implants, such as central venous catheters or parenteral nutrition. This species has reduced susceptibility to echinocandins, and it is susceptible to polyenes and azoles. Multiple outbreaks caused by fluconazole-nonsusceptible strains have been reported recently. A similar trend has been observed among the C. parapsilosis isolates received in the last 2 years at the Spanish Mycology Reference Laboratory. Methods Yeast were identified by molecular biology, and antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing protocol. The ERG11 gene was sequenced to identify resistance mechanisms, and strain typing was carried out by microsatellite analysis. Results We examined the susceptibility profile of 1315 C. parapsilosis isolates available at our reference laboratory between 2000 and 2021, noticing an increase in the number of isolates with acquired resistance to fluconazole, and voriconazole has increased in at least 8 different Spanish hospitals in 2020–2021. From 121 recorded clones, 3 were identified as the most prevalent in Spain (clone 10 in Catalonia and clone 96 in Castilla-Leon and Madrid, whereas clone 67 was found in 2 geographically unrelated regions, Cantabria and the Balearic Islands). Conclusions Our data suggest that concurrently with the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, a selection of fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis isolates has occurred in Spain, and the expansion of specific clones has been noted across centers. Further research is needed to determine the factors that underlie the successful expansion of these clones and their potential genetic relatedness.O.Z. was funded by grants SAF2017–86912-R and PID2020–114546RB-I00 from the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation. This work was also funded by the National Centre for Microbiology (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) through the Surveillance Program of Antifungal Resistance and the Center for Biomedical Research in Network of Infectious Diseases CIBERINFECTCB21/13/00105 (O.Z. and L.A.F.), CIBERINFEC-CB21/13/00009 (M.P.-A.), CIBERES-CB06/06/0037 (C.A.-T.), and CIBERES-CB06/06/0058 (J.G). L.A.-F. was supported by Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (MPY 117/18 and MPY 305/20). We thank Dr. David Campany Herrero (Vall d’Hebron Hospital), Noelia Garrido Peño (Móstoles Hospital), David Gómez Gómez y Aitziber Illaro Uranga (Marqués de Valdecilla Hospital), María Ángeles Machín Morón (Burgos Hospital), Jose Manuel Caro Teller (Doce de Octubre Hospital), Marina Calvo (Puerta de Hierro Hospital), and Ariadna Padulles (Bellvitge Hospital) for providing the data on antifungal consumption from their hospitals. We also thank Ángel Zaballos and Pilar Jiménez from the Genomics Core Facility from Instituto de Salud Carlos III for their technical help with the microsatellite analysis technique