A manutenção da ordem ao sul do império : os delegados e subdelegados de polícia na Comarca de Rio Pardo/RS (1846-1871)

A Reforma do Código Criminal de 1841 foi responsável por mudanças na estrutura da administração da justiça no Império e modificou a distribuição dos cargos, nomeações e suas funções principalmente ao que se refere ao papel da polícia. Essa, constituindo-se como uma área prioritária do Estado, desempenhou diferentes atividades de manutenção da ordem e serviu de um importante espaço de criação ou fortalecimento de laços políticos da elite local. Através de uma cadeia de comando que partia do chefe de polícia para os cargos de delegados e subdelegados de polícia, escrivães, inspetores de quarteirões e oficiais de justiça, buscava-se um controle dos homens que ocupariam esses postos e a governabilidade nas vilas. Nesse sentido, esse presente trabalho dedicou-se a investigar as atividades desenvolvidas por essas instâncias policiais para a conformação da polícia na Comarca de Rio Pardo entre os anos de 1846 a 1871. As fontes históricas utilizadas foram os livros da Chefatura de Polícia, correspondências expedidas, posturas municipais e processos criminais que tramitaram pelas delegacias e subdelegacias de polícias.The Reform of the Criminal Code of 1841 was responsible for changes in the structure of the administration of justice in the Empire and modified the distribution of positions, appointments and their functions, especially with regard to the role of the police. As a priority area of the state, the police performed various activities to maintain order and served as an important space for creating or strengthening political ties with the local elite. Through a chain of command from the chief of police to the positions of police delegates and sub-delegates, clerks, block inspectors and bailiffs, the aim was to control the men who would occupy these positions and to ensure governance in the villages. In this sense, this work was dedicated to investigate the activities developed by these police instances for the conformation of the police in the District of Rio Pardo between the years 1846 to 1871.The historical sources used were the books of the Chief of Police, issued correspondence, municipal ordinances and criminal cases that were processed by the police stations and sub-delegations of police

História e Crime - Fontes e acervos sobre a História da criminalidade: Entrevista realizada com o Historiador Doutor Ivan de Andrade Vellasco

Entre os dias 31 de maio a 02 de junho de 2017 o historiador Ivan de Andrade Vellasco esteve na Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos- UNISINOS em São Leopoldo/RS compondo mesa redonda e participando do III Simpósio Nacional de História do Crime, da Polícia e Justiça Criminal e I Encontro Internacional de História do Crime, da Polícia, das práticas de Justiça e suas fontes.[1] Felizmente, sua vinda ao Rio Grande do Sul coincidiu com a divulgação do dossiê “História e crime”, o que possibilitou a entrevista ora apresentada. Atualmente, Ivan Vellasco é professor da Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei e coordena um importante projeto intitulado Forum Documenta cujo objetivo é a restauração e processamento em bancos de dados dos acervos judiciários espalhados nos arquivos cartoriais do estado de Minas Gerais. Ademais, amplamente reconhecido pelo uso farto da documentação em suas pesquisas, sua tese de doutorado “As seduções da Ordem: Violência, criminalidade e administração da justiça. Minas Gerais, século XIX”, premiada pelo Concurso Brasileiro CNPq - ANPOCS de Obras Científicas e Teses Universitárias em Ciências Sociais em 2003, apontou avanços na historiografia acerca da história da justiça e da criminalidade principalmente ao buscar em fontes como processos criminais, livros de rol de culpados e querelas uma análise mais afinada sobre o longo e complexo processo de interação entre a população e sua relação com o aparato judiciário em formação ao longo do século XIX, bem como, os usos da justiça para o alargamento de participação de diferentes camadas sociais.[1] Agradecemos a Professora Maíra Vendrame que, gentilmente, nos disponibilizou um espaço para a realização das entrevistas que compõem o dossiê “História e Crime”

A função do pesquisador(a) e professor(a) de História: possibilidades e limites da atuação profissional e O ofício do(a) historiador(a) e as fontes

A função do pesquisador(a) e professor(a) de História: possibilidades e limites da atuação profissional e O ofício do(a) historiador(a) e as fonte

Extreme phenotypic heterogeneity in non-expansion spinocerebellar ataxias

Although the best-known spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are triplet repeat diseases, many SCAs are not caused by repeat expansions. The rarity of individual non-expansion SCAs, however, has made it difficult to discern genotype-phenotype correlations. We therefore screened individuals who had been found to bear variants in a non-expansion SCA-associated gene through genetic testing, and after we eliminated genetic groups that had fewer than 30 subjects, there were 756 subjects bearing single-nucleotide variants or deletions in one of seven genes: CACNA1A (239 subjects), PRKCG (175), AFG3L2 (101), ITPR1 (91), STUB1 (77), SPTBN2 (39), or KCNC3 (34). We compared age at onset, disease features, and progression by gene and variant. There were no features that reliably distinguished one of these SCAs from another, and several genes—CACNA1A, ITPR1, SPTBN2, and KCNC3—were associated with both adult-onset and infantile-onset forms of disease, which also differed in presentation. Nevertheless, progression was overall very slow, and STUB1-associated disease was the fastest. Several variants in CACNA1A showed particularly wide ranges in age at onset: one variant produced anything from infantile developmental delay to ataxia onset at 64 years of age within the same family. For CACNA1A, ITPR1, and SPTBN2, the type of variant and charge change on the protein greatly affected the phenotype, defying pathogenicity prediction algorithms. Even with next-generation sequencing, accurate diagnosis requires dialogue between the clinician and the geneticist. Neurological Motor Disorder

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

A magistratura leiga e eletiva : os juízes de paz em Rio Pardo (1828-1850)

A presente pesquisa dedica-se a estudar o perfil dos Juízes de Paz e sua atuação na política local na sede de Rio Pardo, Província do Rio Grande do Sul, entre 1828 a 1850. O funcionamento do Juizado de Paz esteve vinculado a um contexto de reorganização administrativa-judiciária e ao distanciamento dos moldes da justiça portuguesa. Em 1827, com sua efetiva regulamentação, foram introduzidos nas paróquias como importantes agentes para as demandas locais. Constatou-se que devido a sua independência e eletividade aliado ao aumento expressivo de suas funções no decorrer da década de 1830, o cargo se tornou a autoridade mais requisitada e com amplos poderes em sua jurisdição. Ademais, investigando os eleitos para o cargo e sua ação em processos que transcorreram em seu juízo, foi possível revelar a transitoriedade de um elite política no espaço camarário e o seu potencial de agente político na localidade. As principais fontes utilizadas foram os registros eclesiásticos, documentação cartorária, livros de posses e juramentos, livros de registros gerais e códices da Câmara Municipal, correspondências e processos do Juizado de Paz de Rio Pardo.The present research is dedicated to the study the profile of the Justices of the Peace and their acting in the local politics at the headquarters of Rio Pardo, Province of Rio Grande do Sul, between 1828 and 1850. The Court of Peace functioning was vinculated to a context of administrative-judiciary reorganization and to the distancing from the molds of the Portuguese Justice. In 1827, with its effective regulation, they were inserted in the parishes as important agents for the local demands. It was proved that due to its independence and electivity allied to the expressive increase of its functions during the decade of 1830, the post became the most requested authority and with wide powers in its jurisdiction. Moreover, investigating the elected ones for the position and their action in processes which elapsed in its judgement, it was possible to reveal the transience of a political elite in the Council environment and its potential of political agent at the locality. The main utilized sources were the ecclesiastic records, notary’s office documentation, possession books and oaths, general recording books and codexes of the City Council, correspondences and processes of the Court of Peace of Rio Pardo

A magistratura leiga e eletiva : os juízes de paz em Rio Pardo (1828-1850)

A presente pesquisa dedica-se a estudar o perfil dos Juízes de Paz e sua atuação na política local na sede de Rio Pardo, Província do Rio Grande do Sul, entre 1828 a 1850. O funcionamento do Juizado de Paz esteve vinculado a um contexto de reorganização administrativa-judiciária e ao distanciamento dos moldes da justiça portuguesa. Em 1827, com sua efetiva regulamentação, foram introduzidos nas paróquias como importantes agentes para as demandas locais. Constatou-se que devido a sua independência e eletividade aliado ao aumento expressivo de suas funções no decorrer da década de 1830, o cargo se tornou a autoridade mais requisitada e com amplos poderes em sua jurisdição. Ademais, investigando os eleitos para o cargo e sua ação em processos que transcorreram em seu juízo, foi possível revelar a transitoriedade de um elite política no espaço camarário e o seu potencial de agente político na localidade. As principais fontes utilizadas foram os registros eclesiásticos, documentação cartorária, livros de posses e juramentos, livros de registros gerais e códices da Câmara Municipal, correspondências e processos do Juizado de Paz de Rio Pardo.The present research is dedicated to the study the profile of the Justices of the Peace and their acting in the local politics at the headquarters of Rio Pardo, Province of Rio Grande do Sul, between 1828 and 1850. The Court of Peace functioning was vinculated to a context of administrative-judiciary reorganization and to the distancing from the molds of the Portuguese Justice. In 1827, with its effective regulation, they were inserted in the parishes as important agents for the local demands. It was proved that due to its independence and electivity allied to the expressive increase of its functions during the decade of 1830, the post became the most requested authority and with wide powers in its jurisdiction. Moreover, investigating the elected ones for the position and their action in processes which elapsed in its judgement, it was possible to reveal the transience of a political elite in the Council environment and its potential of political agent at the locality. The main utilized sources were the ecclesiastic records, notary’s office documentation, possession books and oaths, general recording books and codexes of the City Council, correspondences and processes of the Court of Peace of Rio Pardo