2015 Badminton World Championship: Singles final men’s vs women’s behaviours

[EN] The purpose of the current study was to identify players’ behaviours and to assess differences between genders at final singles matches of 2015 Badminton World Championship, focusing on time events, shots and court movements. Final men’s (MS) and women’s (WS) singles matches of 2015 Yakarta World Championship were analysed (150 points and 967 actions). Official videos from Badminton World Federation were used to carry out the post-event analysis. Variables analyzed were: ‘timing factors’, type of ‘shots’ and players’ trajectories executed during the match. Descriptive (mean and % of distribution) and comparative analysis between gender and result of events (successful vs. unsuccessful) were carried out. Generally speaking, time-related variables show higher figures in the men’s final than in the women’s. Smash, net and lob shots occur more frequently in the men’s final, whereas clear, drop and drive shots are used more often in the women’s final. The hitting of the shuttlecock without any previous movement redominates over the rest or movements for both genders. In the training field, these findings may be used by coaches in order to improve athletes’ performance. In research field, it could be a new way to obtain information that had not been previously taken into account.SIThis research has been made possible thanks to funding from the Generalitat Valenciana through the scholarship for hiring research personnel in training of VALi+d programme

Badminton World Championship stress zones and performance factors: The key to success through log-linear analysis

[EN] The main purpose was to analyse the frequency and effectiveness of different kind of shots and players’ footwork performed by single men badminton players on World Championship depending on court zone. 18 matches were randomly selected and evaluated with a total of 1,273 points and 5,710 play actions. The most stressed court zone is Z5 and Z8 (middle zone) followed by Z10 (deep and lateral zone), while the most successful areas are Z8 (left middle zone) and Z10. When analysing footwork depending on distance covered by players, large footwork is performed mostly to Z1 and Z2. Hitting the shuttlecock with no previous movement is the most common situation from Z4 and Z5. When gathering in three court zones, the most stressed one is middle zone with similar values for Net and deep court zone. On the contrary, the most successfully gathered court zone is deep one, followed by middle and Net zones.SIGeneralitat Valenciana ACIF projects [Grant number 2016/121], Universidad Católica de Valencia “San Vicente Mártir” project, Estudios en el deporte de élite desde los Mixed Methods, técnicas de análisis de estudios comparativos [UCV2017/230/002

Players’ On-Court Movements and Contextual Variables in Badminton World Championship

[EN] This study aimed to analyze the elite badminton players’ on-court movements related to contextual variables (game, round, and match status). A total of 18 matches of the Jakarta 2015 World Championship (1,273 points and 5,710 play actions) were examined by univariate and bivariate analyses. Significant differences were found when comparing the players’ on-court movements related to game, round, and match status (p < 0.05). All movements were executed more frequently in game 2, with the exception of diagonal large backward left (DLBL), diagonal short backward left (DSBL), diagonal short backward right (DSBR), and longitudinal short backward (LSB). The results obtained related to the round showed that longitudinal large backward (LLB) was the most frequent footwork in R1/16 and R1/2, diagonal short forward left (DSFL) was the most frequent one for R1/4, and transversal short right (TSR) was the most used movement for the final round. According to match status, no movement (NM) was the most common situation before hitting the shuttlecock at any moment during the match. This study shows how contextual variables modulate the elite players’ on-court movements. This information could be valuable for coaches and players, allowing them to better understand the players’ behavior in a competition, which could be used to design more specific training tasks and prepare match strategies in order to improve the players’ performance in competitions.SIGeneralitat Valenciana ACIF2016/121Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Márti

Análisis de la eficacia de los saques de esquina en la copa del mundo de fútbol 2010 : un intento de identificación de variables explicativas

Las acciones a balón parado (ABP) en fútbol son todas aquellas situaciones de juego que se inician con un saque desde parado después de una interrupción reglamentaria del mismo. En este trabajo se ha pretendido analizar la eficacia de una de estas acciones, el saque de esquina; identificar las variables más relevantes para conducir al éxito (el remate) a estas acciones y proponer un modelo de saque de esquina exitoso. Después del registro de 554 saques de esquina ejecutados en el Mundial de Sudáfrica 2010 y de realizar análisis a nivel univariado, bivariado y multivariado, los resultados indican una baja eficacia en el remate en este tipo de acciones, la identificación de una serie de variables que presentan una relación estadísticamente significativa y la propuesta de un modelo explicativo, que aunque presenta una capacidad explicativa limitada, ayuda a interpretar de forma práctica la ejecución de estas acciones.In soccer, dead-ball moves are those in which the ball is returned to play from a stationary position following an interruption of play. The aim of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of one such dead-ball move, namely corner kicks, and to identify the key variables that determine the success of a shot or header following a corner, thereby enabling a model of successful corner kicks to be proposed. We recorded 554 corner kicks performed during the 2010 World Cup in South Africa and carried out a univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis of the data. The results indicated that corners were of limited effectiveness in terms of the success of subsequent shots or headers. The analysis also revealed a series of variables that were significantly related to one another, and this enabled us to propose an explanatory model. Although this model had limited explanatory power, it nonetheless helps to understand the execution of corner kicks in practical terms.As acções de bola parada (ABP) no futebol são todas as situações de jogo que se iniciam depois de uma interrupção regulamentar do mesmo. Neste trabalho pretendeu-se analisar a eficácia de uma destas acções, o canto; identificar as variáveis mais relevantes para levar ao êxito (o remate) estas acções e propor um modelo de canto bem sucedido. Após o registo de 554 cantos executados no Mundial de 2010 na África do Sul e da realização de uma análise a nível univariado, bivariado e multivariado, os resultados indicam uma baixa eficácia no remate neste tipo de acções, a identificação de uma série de variáveis que apresentam uma relação estatisticamente significativa e a proposta de um modelo explicativo que, embora apresente capacidade explicativa limitada, ajuda a interpretar de forma prática a execução destas acções

Quantitative and associative analysis of the badminton lunge and hits at the 2015 Yakarta World Championships

[ES] Los jugadores de bádminton realizan diversos tipos de desplazamientos para golpear el volante y volver al centro de la pista lo antes posible, a esperar la devolución por el jugador contrario. Para ello, necesitan moverse de forma acíclica por la pista, y realizar un excelente trabajo de pies, que les permita un amplio rango de movimientos en todas las direcciones. El objetivo de este trabajo es cuantificar los lunges de bádminton, hacia la red y al fondo de la pista, realizados en el Campeonato del Mundo de bádminton 2015 e identificar los tipos de golpeos asociados a estos desplazamientos. Para ello, mediante la metodología observacional y el uso de la herramienta BOT, se analizaron 18 partidos, llevándose a cabo análisis descriptivos univariados y bivariados por medio del test de independencia chi-cuadrado y un análisis de correspondencias simples. Los resultados muestran que los desplazamientos más comunes fueron el diagonal hacia atrás largo a derecha e izquierda (Z5Z10 y Z8Z1), mientras que los menos realizados fueron el diagonal hacia delante izquierda largo y diagonal atrás derecha corto (Z5Z12 y Z5Z1). En los desplazamientos hacia el fondo de la pista, predominaron los golpes de mano alta, mientras que, en los desplazamientos hacia la zona de la red, los más empleados fueron los golpes de mano baja y aquellos considerados más técnicos. Estas consideraciones pueden ser tenidas en cuenta por los entrenadores y jugadores para realizar una mejor preparación táctica de los encuentros.[EN] Badminton players perform different kind of court movements for hit the shuttlecock and back to court centre as fast as possible and wait for the opponent shot to hit the shuttle back. For that reason, they need to move around the court in acyclic way and perform an excellent footwork that enables them a wide range of movements in every direction. The aim of this work is quantify badminton lunges (to the net and to the deep court zone) performed on Badminton World Championship and identify shots associated to the court movements. For that purpose, 18 matches were analysed using the Badminton Observational Tool (BOT). It was carried out a univariate and bivariate descriptive analysis through chi-square test and simple correspondence analysis. Results show left and right large diagonal backward lunges as the commonest court movements (Z5Z10 and Z8Z1), while left large diagonal forward and right short diagonal backward were the least common court movements (Z5Z12 and Z5Z1). High-hand shots were performed predominately when player plays the shuttle from the deep zone court, while for the net zone court, the most commons shots performed were those which low-hand is needed and the most skilled ones considered. These considerations could be taken into account by coaches and players to perform better tactical training.S

Possession in Football: More Than a Quantitative Aspect – A Mixed Method Study

The aim of the present study was to identify and differentiate the factors that determine the possession times of successful and unsuccessful elite football teams, with the purpose of identifying a more effective possession model. For this, match corresponding to the round of eighth-finals, quarter-finals, semi-finals and final of the 2016 UEFA Euro France in which 2,636 offensive sequences occurred, were analyzed. Video recordings of matches were analyzed and coded post-event using systematic observation. The performance indicators recorded and analyzed were: phase; match period; type of start-up; interaction context; intention; field zone; possession time, passes, attack outcome; match status and final outcome. An ANOVA was performed to analyze data in order to study the influence of a set of variables. A Box–Cox transformation was applied on the variable explained to achieve normal conditions. A study of the main effects and significant interactions was also carried out, complemented with a set of predictions with the variables that were more significant. It is hypothesized that possession analysis from a mixed methods perspective will identify a more effective offensive playstyle. Results show how, in successful teams, possession time is influenced by: Type of start-up, intention and field zone. On the other hand, in unsuccessful teams, possession time is determined fundamentally by intention and match status. In terms of the results of the predictive models, in the case of successful teams, they will have longer possessions in the offensive zone with the score in favor and, in the defensive zone with a draw score, in both situations, initiated with the intention of progressing by means of a transition. For unsuccessful teams, possessions will be of longer duration in the defensive zone with a draw score, regardless of the type of start-up and, in the offensive zone, losing and initiating the play by means of a set ball action and winning by means of a transition. Results obtained in this work identify key factors that determine possession time in teams and allow to differentiate the possessions of successful and unsuccessful teams, identifying a more effective ball possession model. This information can be used to design a possession model with greater probabilities of success and increase the offensive performance of teams

Design and Validity of a Badminton Observation Tool (BOT)

[ES] La metodología observacional permite analizar deportes en contexto y dinámicas habituales. El objetivo principal fue la construcción y validación de una herramienta observacional ad hoc para analizar el bádminton individual, que incluye la trayectoria de los desplazamientos como variable no analizada anteriormente. Constituida por 13 criterios y 47 categorías mutuamente excluyentes, fueron analizadas 287 acciones del Campeonato de Mundo de Bádminton 2015. Para la validación se utilizó el coeficiente Kappa de Cohen y la teoría de la generalizabilidad. Se han obtenido resultados, tanto para la herramienta como para cada uno de los criterios de forma individual, superiores a 0,98 estando por encima de 0,81 que propone la literatura como “casi perfecto”. El análisis de la generalizabilidad se realizó mediante un modelo de dos facetas (Categoría/Observador = C/O) y reveló que la fiabilidad era excelente (1,00). La herramienta diseñada es válida y fiable para el análisis de las conductas del bádminton individual.[EN] Observational methodology allows analysing sports’ specific behaviour context. The main purpose of this manuscript was to develop and validate an ad hoc observational tool for badminton singles games, which includes lunges trajectories as a non-analysed variable till this study. For that reason, the observational tool consists of 13 criteria and 47 categories mutually exclusive. 287actions of the 2015 Badminton World Championship were analysed. With the aim to assess the tool’s validity Cohen’s Kappa and generalizability theory were used. The outcomes for complete observational tool and for each criterion exceed 0.98, being above 0.81 proposed by literature as “almost perfect”. Generalizability analysis was done by two sides model (Category/Observer = C/O) and showed an excellent reliability (1.00). It could be said that it is a reliable tool designed for recording and analyzing the behaviour of badminton singles players.SIUniversidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente MártirGeneralitat Valencian

The corner kick as a performance profile in football. An empirical review

El presente trabajo consiste en una profunda revisión sobre los estudios cuantitativos y cualitativos relacionados con la eficacia de los saques de esquina en fútbol. Se han consultado cinco de las bases de datos con mayor reconocimiento internacional, Google Académico, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus y Web of Science. El criterio para la selección de los descriptores y del período de búsqueda tuvo como objetivo acceder a los principales trabajos empíricos que incluían los saques de esquina El objetivo principal es alcanzar un conocimiento más profundo (y con el soporte empírico adecuado) de los saques de esquina en fútbol. Se han clasificado los resultados en tres apartados: 1) A nivel descriptivo, conocer la regularidad, influencia e incidencia de estas acciones en el fútbol actual; 2) conocer las variables estadísticamente significativas asociadas al éxito en este tipo de acciones; 3) Por último, conocer y analizar los estudios que recogen diferentes modelos explicativos (análisis multivariante). Finalmente, se presentan orientaciones prácticas derivadas de los resultados de las investigaciones revisadas que pueden contribuir a la optimización de éste tipo de acciones en el fútbol profesionalThe present manuscript consists in a deep revision on the quantitative and qualitative studies related to the effectiveness of the corners in football. We have consulted five of the most internationally recognized databases, Google Scholar, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus and Web of Science. The criterion for the selection of the descriptors and the search period was aimed at accessing the main empirical works that included corner kicks. The main objective is to reach a deeper knowledge (and with the adequate empirical support) of the corner kicks in soccer. The results have been classified into three sections: 1) On a descriptive level, to know the regularity, influence and incidence of these actions in current football; 2) know the statistically significant variables associated with success in this type of actions; 3) Finally, to know and analyze the studies that collect different explanatory models (multivariate analysis). Finally, practical guidelines derived from the results of the reviewed research that can contribute to the optimization of this type of actions in professional football are presentedWe gratefully acknowledge the support of both Spanish government projects: Avances metodológicos y tecnológicos en el estudio observacional del comportamiento deportivo (Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad) during the period 2015-2017 [Grant PSI2015-71947-REDT; MINECO/FEDER, UE], and La actividad física y el deporte como potenciadores del estilo de vida saludable: Evaluación del comportamiento deportivo desde metodologías no intrusivas (Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad) during the period 2016-2018 [Grant DEP2015-66069-P; MINECO/FEDER, UE]. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Generalitat de Catalunya Research Group (GRUP DE RECERCA E INNOVACIÓ EN DISSENYS [GRID]). Tecnología i aplicació multimedia i digital als dissenys observacionals], [Grant 2014 SGR 971S