467 research outputs found
Anatomical dissection of the mimic facial musculature: iconographic review as a support to the complementary treatments in facial rejuvenation
A la hora de valorar las múltiples técnicas empleadas
en el rejuvenecimiento facial y centrándonos de manera
particular en aquellos procedimientos mínimamente invasivos
complementarios a las intervenciones habituales
en Cirugía Plástica-Estética, cobra especial relevancia el
conocimiento exhaustivo de las estructuras musculares
implicadas en la mímica facial. A tal efecto, se ha realizado
un estudio anatómico en cadáveres frescos, en los
que se han disecado las principales estructuras referidas.
Se presenta un resumen iconográfico de los músculos faciales
implicados, haciendo hincapié en su anatomía descriptiva
y funcional, así como un recuerdo de las
principales áreas problemáticas por alguna circunstancia
especial (presencia de un nervio sensitivo o motor).To value the multiple technologies involved in facial
rejuvenation and focusing in those minimally invasive
complementary procedures to the usual Plastic and Aesthetic
Surgeries, it´s very important the exhaustive knowledge
of the muscular structures involved in the facial
movements. To such an effect, an anatomical study has
been realized in fresh corpses, dissecting the principal
above-mentioned structures. We present an iconographic
summary of the facial implied muscles, emphasizing in
his descriptive and functional anatomy, as well as a recollection
of the principal problematic areas for some
special circumstance (presence of a sensory or motor
nerv
Quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno effects in surface diffusion of interacting adsorbates
Surface diffusion of interacting adsorbates is here analyzed within the
context of two fundamental phenomena of quantum dynamics, namely the quantum
Zeno effect and the anti-Zeno effect. The physical implications of these
effects are introduced here in a rather simple and general manner within the
framework of non-selective measurements and for two (surface) temperature
regimes: high and very low (including zero temperature). The quantum
intermediate scattering function describing the adsorbate diffusion process is
then evaluated for flat surfaces, since it is fully analytical in this case.
Finally, a generalization to corrugated surfaces is also discussed. In this
regard, it is found that, considering a Markovian framework and high surface
temperatures, the anti-Zeno effect has already been observed, though not
recognized as such.Comment: 17 pages, 1 figur
The relationship between perceived social support and psychological distress in carers of older relatives: A longitudinal cross-lagged analysis
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although a large body of research has examined the relationship between social support and psychological health of family carers of frail older people, the exact nature and direction of this relationship is not well understood with most research to date being cross-sectional. This longitudinal study explored the relationship between perceived social support and psychological distress in carers of older relatives. METHODS: We used data from two longitudinal cohorts which included a total of 332 family carers of frail older people. We used cross-lagged panel analysis to investigate the longitudinal association between perceived social support and carer psychological distress controlling for a number of covariates over time. RESULTS: Fully-adjusted Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE) and cross-lagged models indicated that higher social support was significantly associated with lower carer psychological distress over time (regression coefficient [B] = -0.178, standard error [SE] = 0.028), with levels of perceived social support exerting an effect on psychological distress rather than vice versa (β = 0.03, p = 0.32). LIMITATIONS: All observations were based on self-report data, and there may be other variables that may explain the results that we did not account for. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Our study finds that the directionality of the relationship appears to be from perceived social support to carer psychological distress suggesting that social support directly affects carer psychological health but not vice versa. This finding has important implications for the provision of social support interventions for carers of frail older people at risk of experiencing psychological distress
Combined use of vacuum assisted device and dermal monolayer substitutes
Artículo previamente
publicado en Cirugia Plástica Iberolatinoamericana
Vol. 36 - Nº 4. 2010 / Pag. 321-326El método de elección para la cobertura de algunos defectos cutáneos
es el autoinjerto de piel parcial; sin embargo, sufre retracciones que pueden
adquirir gran relevancia sobre áreas especiales. Diferentes autores han
intentado evitar estos déficits funcionales mediante la interposición de matrices
de regeneración dérmica monocapa e injerto en un solo tiempo quirúrgico.
Diseñamos un estudio para comparar la tasa de integración de los
injertos sobre una matriz monocapa con y sin la aplicación de terapia de
vacío tipo VAC® sobre ellos.
Se aleatorizaron 20 pacientes con defectos cutáneos sobre áreas especiales
en 2 grupos. Recogimos los datos epidemiológicos y la etiología
del defecto (quemadura aguda, secuelas de quemadura o defectos secundarios
a extracción de colgajo fasciocutáneo). En 10 casos (Grupo I) se
aplicó matriz dérmica monocapa Matriderm ® más un injerto cutáneo de
piel parcial, realizando un cambio de vendaje a los 7 días y luego cada 3-
4 días hasta su estabilización. En otros 10 pacientes (Grupo II), tras realizar
el mismo protocolo quirúrgico se aplicó VAC ® durante una semana
y se cambió hasta la estabilización del injerto. La evaluación del prendimiento
del injerto y su estabilidad la realizó un observador ciego. Se recogieron
todas las complicaciones surgidas en el postoperatorio hasta
3 meses después de la estabilidad del injerto.
Comprobamos la homogeneidad de ambos grupos para las variables
epidemiológicas de los pacientes, así como para la etiología de los defectos.
La media de tiempo hasta el prendimiento fue de 17,6 ± 8 días, de
forma global con una tasa de complicaciones del 20%. Al estratificar en
2 grupos encontramos que las diferencias en la tasa de complicaciones no
eran estadísticamente significativas. El tiempo hasta el prendimiento era
de 21,4 ± 9 días en el grupo I, frente a 13,9 ± 4 días en el grupo II. Estas
diferencias sí eran estadísticamente significativas.
Como conclusión, la aplicación de matrices de regeneración dérmica
monocapa es segura, con una tasa de prendimiento de los injertos sobre
ella del 85%. El uso del VAC ® sobre las láminas monocapa de dermis sintética
acorta el tiempo de integración de las mismas y el prendimiento de
los injertos sobre ellas, con una tasa de complicaciones similarSplit thickness autografts are the gold standard for wound coverage.
However, scars and retractions are frequent after skin grafts, and would be
severe over special regions. Different authors avoid these complications
using a dermal substitute interposed between the wound and the skin graft
in the first surgical time. A prospective study was designed to evaluate the
split thickness skin graft uptake time over a monolayer matrix, with and
without a vacuum assisted therapy device (VAC®).
Twenty patients with a full thickness wound over a special region were
randomized between 2 groups. Epidemiological data and wound etiology
(acute burn, burn sequelae or donor site after a fasciocutaneous flap raised)
were collected. Matriderm ® (mono layer dermal substitute) and a
split thickness skin graft was applied over 10 cases (Group I). The dressing
was changed after 7 days, and every 3-4 days until the skin graft was
uptake and stable. Another 10 cases were treated with the same surgical
strategy (Group II). After surgery, a vacuum assisted therapy device
(VAC®) was applied until the graft was uptake. The skin graft evaluation
was done by a blind observer. All complications were reported until 3
months after the skin graft was stable.
The homogeneity between groups was assessed. Averaged uptake time
was 17, 6 ± 8 days, and the total complication rate was 20%. Statistically
differences were not found between the 2 groups for the complication rate.
The uptake time was 21,4 ± 9 days in the Group I and 13,9 ± 4 days in the
Group II. These differences was statically significative.
As a conclusion, the use of monolayer dermal substitutes is safe, with
skin graft uptake rate of 85%. Time for skin graft uptake over a monolayer
dermal matrix is shorter using a VAC ® device over the skin graft,
with similar complication rat
The mediating role of sense of coherence on mental health outcomes in carers of older dependent relatives: a longitudinal study
Background:
Sense of coherence (SOC) is an important protective factor for carer well‐being but research to date remains cross‐sectional, focusing primarily on the direct effects of SOC on carers’ mental health. The study's aim was to investigate the mediating role of SOC in the longitudinal relationship between caregiver strain and carers’ psychological health, and its stability over time. /
Methods:
Prospective longitudinal study conducted in Jaén (Spain) with a probabilistic sample of 132 carers of older people, with data collected at baseline and at one‐year follow‐up. We measured SOC, caregiver strain, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and several care recipient characteristics and intensity of care provided. We used multiple linear regression modelling and the Sobel test to analyse mediation effects. /
Results:
SOC was significantly negatively longitudinally associated with both anxiety (β= ‐0.38, p= 0.001) and depressive symptoms (β= ‐0.28, p= 0.023), after controlling for several confounders. SOC mediated both the relationship between caregiver strain and anxiety and caregiver strain and depressive symptoms (Sobel test; p< 0.001 for anxiety and p< 0.001 for depressive symptoms). Differences between baseline and one‐year follow‐up SOC scores were not statistically significant (p= 0.617). /
Conclusions:
SOC appears to buffer the impact of caregiver strain on symptoms of depression and anxiety in informal carers of older people. Our data showed that SOC is an important psychological resource for carers that remained relatively stable under non‐experimental conditions over a period of one year in this sample. Findings suggest that interventions aimed at strengthening SOC may protect carer psychological well‐being
Subjective caregiver burden and anxiety in informal caregivers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
There is increasing evidence that subjective caregiver burden is an important determinant of clinically significant anxiety in family carers. This meta-analysis aims to synthesise this evidence and investigate the relationship between subjective caregiver burden and anxiety symptoms in informal caregivers. We searched PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO up to January 2020. Combined estimates were obtained using a random-effects model. After screening of 4,312 articles, 74 studies (with 75 independent samples) were included. There was a large, positive association between subjective caregiver burden and anxiety symptoms (r = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.47, 0.54; I2 = 0.0%). No differences were found in subgroup analyses by type of study design (cross-sectional vs. longitudinal), sampling, control of confounders or care-recipient characteristics. Subjective caregiver burden is an important risk factor for anxiety in informal caregivers. Targeting subjective caregiver burden could be beneficial in preventing clinically significant anxiety for the increasing number of family carers worldwide
Line Shape Broadening in Surface Diffusion of Interacting Adsorbates with Quasielastic He Atom Scattering
The experimental line shape broadening observed in adsorbate diffusion on
metal surfaces with increasing coverage is usually related to the nature of the
adsorbate-adsorbate interaction. Here we show that this broadening can also be
understood in terms of a fully stochastic model just considering two noise
sources: (i) a Gaussian white noise accounting for the surface friction, and
(ii) a shot noise replacing the physical adsorbate-adsorbate interaction
potential. Furthermore, contrary to what could be expected, for relatively weak
adsorbate-substrate interactions the opposite effect is predicted: line shapes
get narrower with increasing coverage.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures (slightly revised version
Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan is involved in lens vesicle morphogenesis in chick embryos
Producción CientíficaProteoglycans have been implicated in the invagination and formation of various embryonal cavitied
primordia. In this paper the expression of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan is analysed (CSPG) in the lens
primordium during lens vesicle formation, and demonstrate that this proteoglycan has a speci®c
distribution pattern with regard to invagination and fusion processes in the transformation of placode into
lens vesicle. More speci®cally, CSPG was detached in: (1) the apical surface of lens epithelial cells, where
early CSPG expression was observed in the whole of the lens placode whilst in the vesicle phase it was
restricted to the posterior epithelium; (2) intense CSPG expression in the basal lamina, which remained
constant for the entire period under study; (3) CSPG expression in the intercellular spaces of the lens
primordium epithelium, which increased during the invagination of the primordium and which at the
vesicle stage was more evident in the posterior epithelium; and (4) CSPG expression on the edges of the
lens placode both prior to and during fusion. Treatment with b-D-xyloside causes signi®cant CSPG
depletion in the lens primordium together with severe alterations in the invagination and fusion of the
lens vesicle; this leads to the formation of lens primordia which in some cases remain practically ¯at or
show partial invagination defects or fusion disruption. Similar results were obtained by enzyme digestion
with chondroitinase AC but not with type II heparinase, which indicates that alterations induced by b-Dxyloside
were due to interference in CSPG synthesis. The ®ndings demonstrate that CSPG is a common
component of the lens primordium at the earliest developmental stages during which it undergoes speci®c
modi®cations. It also includes experimental evidence to show that `in vivo' CSPG plays an important role
in the invagination and fusion processes of the lens primordium. # 2001 Academic Press
Key words: lens development; CSPG; b-D-xyloside; extracellular matrix; epithelial invaginatio
A Review of the 1170 Andújar (Jaén, South Spain) Earthquake, Including the First Likely Archeological Evidence
Quasi-elastic peak lineshapes in adsorbate diffusion on nearly flat surfaces at low coverages: the motional narrowing effect in Xe on Pt(111)
Quasi-elastic helium atom scattering measurements have provided clear
evidence for a two-dimensional free gas of Xe atoms on Pt(111) at low
coverages. Increasing the friction due to the surface, a gradual change of the
shape of the quasi-elastic peak is predicted and analyzed for this system in
terms of the so-called motional narrowing effect. The type of analysis
presented here for the quasi-elastic peak should be prior to any deconvolution
procedure carried out in order to better extract information from the process,
e.g. diffusion coefficients and jump distributions. Moreover, this analysis
also provides conditions for the free gas regime different than those reported
earlier.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures (revised version
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