Topographic Map Acquisition In U.S. Academic Libraries

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Effect of nitrogen fertilization on nutritive value of Midland bermudagrass pastures for yearling beef cattle

Midland berntudagrass pastures not fertilized with N (MID-1) or fertilized, in three equal installments, with either 112 CMID-2), 224 (MID-3) or 448 (MID-4) kg N/ha/year were compared to common bermudagrass (CB) fertilized with 112 kg N/ha/year and orchardgrass-ladino clover (OG) pastures. Forage constunption was determined by the cage-and-strip method from the middle of April to the middle of September during three consecutive years. Angus yearling steers, initially weighing about 215 kg, were used in a modified put-and-take grazing system. in vitro digestible dry matter (Tilley and Terry) and N (Auto-analyzer) were determined on all forage samples from the three years. During the last year, selected forage samples were analyzed for their amino acid content. In addition, jugular blood samples, obtained monthly from all tester animals, were analyzed for plasma urea nitrogen (PUN). The forage composition and intake data from the three years were reduced to polynomial equations describing the regression of in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) and crude protein (CP) content and the intake of estimated total digestible nutrients (ETON) and CP on elapsed days of grazing (D). The results of these regression equations were used to generate predicted percentages of IVDDM, ETDN and CP and also of ETDN and CP intake per unit of metabolic weight and above maintenance for 20-day intervals until 140 elapsed days of grazing. Nitrogen fertilization increased the IVDDM of Midland bermuda-grass (45.6, 46.5, 47.4 and 48.5% for MID-1, MID-2, MID-3 and MID-4, respectively) but only MID-4 was significantly greater than MID-1. A decrease (P\u3c.05) in IVDDM from April to September was observed in all treatments (50.8 to 37.7, 54.2 to 33.7, 56.6 to 34.2, 57.1 to 34.9, 49.8 to 40.2 and 69.2 to 58.3% for MID-1, MID-2, MID-2, MID-4, CB and OG, respectively). N fertilization increased CP\u3c.05) the CP content of Midland pastures at all levels of fertilization (9.5, 10.7, 13.0 and 16.1% for MID-1, MID-2, MID-3 and MID-4, respectively). However, over the entire season, OG pastures contained more (P\u3c.05) CP (17.7%) than all bermuda-grass forages. All forages decreased (P\u3c.05) in CP content from April to September (14.3 to 7.5, 17.6 to 7.8, 18.2 to 10.1, 23.2 to 12.6, 17.2 to 7.9 and 19.1 to 16.2% for MID-1, MID-2, MID-3, MID-4, CB and OG, respectively). OG contained more (P\u3c.05) ETDN in the consumed forage (61.7%) than the mean of all bermudagrasses (51.2%). The %ETDN in consumed forage decreased (P\u3c.05) during the season in all treatments (62.3 to 45.8, 59.8 to 42.3, 61.6 to 43.6, 65.8 to 49.9, 57.2 to 48.6 and 67.6 to 57.8% for MID-1, MID-2, MID-3, MID-4, CB and OG, respectively). The mean CP content of consumed OG forage during the entire season was 19% compared to 15% for all bermudagrasses (P\u3c.05). CB contained less (P\u3c.05) CP on the average (13.4%) than the mean of all Midland forages (15.4%). MID-1 contained less (P\u3c.05) CP (11.4%) than fertilized (MID-N) Midland (16.7%) but Midland fertilized\u27with 224 and 448 kg N/ha (MID-HN) contained more (P\u3c.05) CP (17.8%) in consumed forage than did MID-2. MID-4 contained 21.1% CP in consumed forage compared to 14.5% in MID-3 (P\u3c.05). The CP content of consumed forage in all treatments decreased (P\u3c.05) during the season (17.0 to 11.5, 17.3 to 12.0, 19.2 to 12.6, 30.2 to 17.3, 19.4 to 8.1 and 20.2 to 16.5% for MID-1, MID-2, MID-3, MID-4, CB and OG, respectively). ^ftIltiple regression equations were developed for the prediction of ADG from forage composition and consumption. All equations gave a more reliable prediction of ADG for steers grazing MID-N and CB pastures than for steers grazing MID-1 and OG pastures. Over the entire season, no significant difference was apparent between the mean PUN level of animals grazing OG (16.19 mg/100 ml) and that of animals grazing all bermudagrasses (14.41 mg/100 ml), nor did a significant difference exist between the PUN level of animals grazing CB (13.02 mg/100 ml) and that of animals grazing all Midland pastures (14.76 mg/100 ml). Animals grazing MID-1 had a lower (P\u3c.OS) PUN level (11.57 mg/100 ml) than did animals grazing MID-N (15.82 mg/100 ml). Animals consuming MID-2 had a lower (P\u3c.05) PUN level (13.97 mg/100 ml) than did animals grazing MID-HN (16.76 mg/100 ml). Animals consuming MID-3 had a lower (P\u3c.G5) PUN (14.34 mg/100 ml) than did animals grazing MID-4 (19.18 mg/100 ml). Regression equations were developed to predict ADG, %CP in consumed forage, %DDM content of consumed forage and CP intake per unit of metabolic weight from PUN levels. The general order of amino acid levels, from high to low, expressed as a percentage of forage CP was aspartic acid, alanine, glutamic acid, valine, phenylalanine, arginine, lysine, leucine, glycine, isoleucine, threonine, tryosine, serine, proline, histidine and methionine. The mean of MID-1 and MID-4 contained more (P\u3c.05) serine, lysine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and glycine than did OG. The latter contained more (P\u3c.05) methionine than the mean of MID-1 and MID-4. MID-1 contained significantly more arginine, threonine, serine, glycine and valine than did MID-4. The latter contained a higher per-centage of methionine (P\u3c.05) than did MID-1

A Survey of Practitioner’s Knowledge of Psychiatric Medication Costs

Introduction. Escalating medical costs continue to be an issue facing contemporary medicine. One factor contributing to this escalation may be physicians’ knowledge of medication costs. As physicians increasingly face opportunities to treat a variety of symptoms and conditions in a single patient, including co-morbid psychiatric disorders or complications, accurate knowledge of medication costs becomes increasingly important. Methods. Resident and attending physicians (N = 16) across the disciplines of internal medicine, psychiatry, and combined internal medicine/psychiatry from a large, mid-western medical school were surveyed on the costs of several medications that are used to manage physical and psychiatric symptoms. Results. Differences were found in the perceived estimated cost of medications among practitioners particularly with specialty internal medicine training as compared to those with additional psychiatric training/experience. Trends also were noted across practitioners with psychiatric and internal medicine/psychiatry training. Conclusions. The breadth of training and experience can affect accuracy in estimating anticipated costs of medication regimens

Complete Genome Sequence of the Complex Carbohydrate-Degrading Marine Bacterium, Saccharophagus degradans Strain 2-40T

The marine bacterium Saccharophagus degradans strain 2-40 (Sde 2-40) is emerging as a vanguard of a recently discovered group of marine and estuarine bacteria that recycles complex polysaccharides. We report its complete genome sequence, analysis of which identifies an unusually large number of enzymes that degrade >10 complex polysaccharides. Not only is this an extraordinary range of catabolic capability, many of the enzymes exhibit unusual architecture including novel combinations of catalytic and substrate-binding modules. We hypothesize that many of these features are adaptations that facilitate depolymerization of complex polysaccharides in the marine environment. This is the first sequenced genome of a marine bacterium that can degrade plant cell walls, an important component of the carbon cycle that is not well-characterized in the marine environment

Creating Short Instructional Videos for Online Learning

You don\u27t have to be Steven Spielberg to make exciting movies that capture a student\u27s interest. This session will demonstrate how easy it is to create and use videos for instruction in online and F2F classes. It will examine several inexpensive methods that can be easily used to produce videos and where to find FREE objects that enhance your presentation. This session will address the creation of videos using both Macs and PCs

Five Aces (Apps) to Win Your Class

This presentation will introduce five applications that can enhance a face-2-face or online classroom by improving content delivery and assignments. The applications will demonstrate new ways to create presentations, images, and screen capture

Storytelling: A Tool for Student Engagement

What do you remember easiest? Data, information or stories? No matter what discipline or course you teach, storytelling can be a useful tool in enabling students to research, grasp, synthesize and retain information. “Stories bring data to life.” This session will begin with a discussion of the art of storytelling and proceed to explore several useful tools that can be used by you and your students to tell a story. The presenters will cover online and desktop apps from Comic Life to Storyline to Xtranormal to ZooBurst and more

Reverse Transfer: Re-inventing Face-to-Face Instruction with Online Technologies

Online students are already online so it\u27s an easy segue to use cloud-based apps; but what about face-to-face instruction? This session will explore best practices for classroom instruction (both F2F and online) and explore the use of several cloud-based applications that may prove valuable to learners and instructors, whether they\u27re enrolled in online or on-ground classes. Among the apps that will be discussed are tools for handling student Q&A, providing collections of online readings, displaying data, gathering student feedback, creating online course materials, and more