A proposal to obtain a long quarterly chilean gdp series

An important limitation in order to specify and estimate a macroeconomic model that describes the Chilean economy resides in using variables with sufficient number of observations that allow for a reliable econometric estimation. Among these variables, the GDP constitutes a fundamental magnitude. Nevertheless, for this variable there is not quarterly information before 1980. This paper computes quarterly GDP series for the period 1966-1979 using the approach by Casals et al (2000). As result, the new series incorporates the cyclical dynamic in the quarterly series later to 1979 respecting, in addition, all the annual existing information before the above mentioned period

A Proposal to Obtain a Long Quarterly Chilean GDP Series

An important limitation in order to specify and estimate a macroeconomic model that describes the Chilean economy resides in using variables with sufficient number of observations that allow for a reliable econometric estimation. Among these variables, thSmoothing algorithm, arima model, transfer function model, chilean gdp

A PROPOSAL TO OBTAIN A LONG QUARTERLY CHILEAN GDP SERIES

An important limitation in order to specify and estimate a macroeconomic model that describes the Chilean economy resides in using variables with sufficient number of observations that allow for a reliable econometric estimation. Among these variables, the GDP constitutes a fundamental magnitude. Nevertheless, for this variable there is not quarterly information before 1980. This paper computes quarterly GDP series for the period 1966-1979 using the approach by Casals et al (2000). As result, the new series incorporates the cyclical dynamic in the quarterly series later to 1979 respecting, in addition, all the annual existing information before the above mentioned period.

Relación entre la Sintomatología Ansioso-Depresiva y el Tipo de Tratamiento en Tabaquismo

Introducción: El tabaquismo es la principal causa de muertes evitables en el mundo, y mata a más de 8 millones de personas cada año. En España, el 38% de la población consumen tabaco diariamente, lo que lo sitúa dentro de los diez primeros del mundo con mayor prevalencia de tabaquismo. Muchos de los fumadores conocen determinados efectos negativos que el tabaco produce sobre la salud, pero pocos relacionarían su adicción con la ansiedad o depresión. Objetivo: Analizar los niveles de ansiedad y depresión en función del tipo de tratamiento recibido. Método: Participaron un total de 49 sujetos consumidores de tabaco, derivados del Servicio de Neumología, de la Unidad de Tabaco del Hospital General Universitario de Alicante (HGUA). Se dividió la muestra en dos grupos en función del tipo de tratamiento recibido: Farmacológico (n=30) y Farmacológico + Terapia Psicológica Grupal (n=19). Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, variables psicológicas (ansiedad y depresión, y síntomas de abstinencia), así como otras variables. Se analizaron análisis descriptivos, prueba Chi-cuadrado y ANOVA de tres factores de medidas repetidas. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las medidas pre y post para las variables de ansiedad y depresión, aunque sí en la interacción entre Tipo de Tratamiento y Síntomas de Abstinencia (p< ,05). Conclusiones: Esto indica que los niveles de Ansiedad y Depresión dependerán del tratamiento recibido y de los síntomas de abstinencia presentados. Son necesarios estudios con mayor muestra y seguimientos longitudinales para seguir profundizando en futuras investigaciones.Introduction: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the world, killing more than 8 million people each year. In Spain, 38% of the population consumes tobacco daily, which places it in the top ten of the world's most prevalent smokers. Many of the smokers know certain negative effects that tobacco produces on health, but few would relate their addiction to anxiety or depression. Objective: To analyze rates of anxiety and depression according to the type of treatment received. Methods: A total of 49 tobacco consuming subjects, derived from the Pneumology Service of the Tobacco Unit of the Hospital General Universitario de Alicante (HGUA), participated. The sample was divided into two groups according to the type of treatment received: Pharmacological (n=30) and Pharmacological + Group Psychological Therapy (n=19). Sociodemographic variables, psychological variables (anxiety and depression, and withdrawal symptoms), and other variables were evaluated. Descriptive analyses, Chi-square test and ANOVA of three factors of repeated measures were analyzed. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between pre- and post-measures for the variables of anxiety and depression, although there is an interaction between Type of Treatment and Withdrawal Symptoms (p< ,05). Conclusions: This indicates that the levels of Anxiety and Depression will depend on the treatment received and the withdrawal symptoms. Further studies with larger sample and longitudinal follow-ups are needed to further investigate

Border Security of the Schengen Area from the Perspective of the Public Goods Theory

Radko Hokovský Border Security of the Schengen Area from the Perspective of the Public Goods Theory Abstract In the context of increasing illegal immigration to the European Union, doubts arise whether Schengen Area is fit to face this challenge, or whether it needs to be reformed. The aim of this dissertation thesis is to clarify questions surrounding functionality of the Border Security System of the Schengen Area by applying the theory of public goods. The main inquiry of the thesis is, whether it is necessary to further strengthen the EU competences in order to improve the functioning of the Schengen Border Security System (SBSS). First, a model of an ideal- type border security system is constructed in order to identify core functions of border security in relation to protection from illegal immigration: (a) deterrence of illegal immigrants, (b) prevention of illegal border crossings, (c) interdiction of illegal immigrants, (d) apprehension of illegal immigrants, (e) apprehension of illegal residents, and (f) removal of illegal population. Second, theory of public goods is introduced as an analytical framework, which allows to identify possible solutions to collective action problems associated with production of public goods such as security in transnational contexts comparable to the EU. Third, the..

Comparison of the summary histopathological scores between placebo and ibuprofen treated calves.

<p>This summary score includes selected histological features and amount of lung consolidation. This minimum possible score is 0, the maximum possible is 632. Ibuprofen treated group is in red, placebo in blue.</p

Comparison of clinical outcomes in ibuprofen and placebo groups.

<p>Sixteen calves were experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus by nebulizer on Day 0. Eight received ibuprofen and received eight placebo. (A) Shows the mean clinical score by treatment group for each day. The groups were statistically significantly different by Day 5 using a mixed effects model. (B) Shows the time taken to enter the most severe decile of illness as measured by the clinical score. Statistical significance was calculated using the log rank test. (C) Shows the percentage weight gain for each individual calf. Calves randomized to ibuprofen are in red; placebo is in blue. Statistical significance was calculated using ordinary least squares regression. (D) Shows the mean temperature by treatment group. Temperature was measured every eight hours. (E) Shows the mean respiratory rate per group. Respiratory rate was measured every eight hours. Statistical significance was calculated for both temperature and respiratory rate using a mixed effect model. (F) Shows the time taken to enter the most severe decile of tachypnea. Statistical significance for (F) was calculated using the log rank test.</p

The mean by treatment group daily viral shedding as measured by polymerase chain reaction of bovine respiratory syncytial virus from nasal swabs.

<p>Each sample was tested in duplicate and both duplicates shown with random jitter added to prevent overlapping of individual measurements. Ibuprofen is red, placebo blue. Statistical significance was calculated using a mixed effects model. The difference was statistically significant on post inoculation Days 6 through 8.</p