Emergence of Convolvulaceae family species influenced by sowing depth in the soil and sugarcane straw cover

Em casa de vegetação, cinco experimentos foram desenvolvidos com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da profundidade de semeadura e da condição de cobertura do solo na emergência de plântulas de cinco espécies da família Convolvulaceae (Ipomoea hederifolia, I. nil, I. quamoclit, I. triloba e Merremia cissoides). Foi utilizada combinação fatorial entre quatro profundidades de semeadura (0, 20, 40 e 80 mm) e duas condições de solo (exposto ou coberto com palha de cana-de-açúcar em quantidade proporcional a 10 t ha-1), com delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso e quatro repetições. Foi realizada contagem diária do número de plântulas emersas e, ao final dos experimentos, calculou-se o índice de velocidade de emergência. Quanto à profundidade de semeadura no solo, maior emergência foi observada para as sementes que foram dispostas na superfície, tanto na presença quanto na ausência de palha. Considerando-se I. hederifolia e I. nil, não foi observado efeito da cobertura do solo, nem mesmo interação de profundidade e cobertura, sobre a emergência das espécies. Para I. quamoclit, observaram-se efeitos isolados da cobertura do solo e da profundidade de alocação das sementes, que indicaram maior adaptação da espécie para emergir em solo sem palhada superficial. Também para as espécies I. triloba e M. cissoides, a emergência foi inferior nas parcelas com palha distribuída na superfície do solo, quando comparadas àquelas sem palha, e, ainda, a presença de palha reduziu a velocidade de emergência e estabelecimento das plântulas.Five trials were developed under greenhouse conditions aiming to evaluate the influence of sowing depth and soil cover condition on seedling emergence of five Convolvulaceae family species (Ipomoea hederifolia, I. nil, I. quamoclit, I. triloba and Merremia cissoides). A factorial scheme was used for four sowing depths (0, 20, 40 and 80 mm) and two soil conditions (exposed or covered with sugarcane straw in an amount proportional to 10 t ha-1);arranged in a randomized block design and four replicates. Emerged seedlings were counted daily and, at the end of the trials, emergence index speed was calculated. Regarding soil-sowing depth, higher emergence was observed for seeds distributed on the soil surface, both in the presence and absence of straw. Considering emergence of I. hederifolia and I. nil, no soil cover nor even depth x cover interaction effects were observed. For I. quamoclit, isolated soil cover effects and seed distribution depth were observed, indicating better adaptability of the species to emerge in soil without the presence of straw on the surface. Also for the species I. triloba and M. cissoides, emergence was lower in the plots with straw on the soil surface, compared to those without straw. In addition, straw distributed on the soil surface reduced emergence speed and seedling establishment

Controle Alternativo De Pinta-preta Em Genótipos De Mamoeiro

To find control forms alternative to fungicides, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of products with potential to control black spot (Asperisporium caricae) in different papaya genotypes. Installed in a greenhouse, the experiment was conducted in randomized blocks (RB) with factorial arrangement 5x6, three replicates, and spraying of four products (Bion®, Bordeaux mixture, Ecolife®, and Bordasul®) in six papaya genotypes (‘Sunrise Solo PT’, ‘STZ 03’, ‘Golden’, ‘Tailândia’, ‘Maradol’ and ‘UENF-CALIMAN 01’), while control was sprayed only with water. The severity (BSS) and the incidence (BSI) of black spot on the leaves were quantified, as well as the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). There was variability among the evaluated genotypes, highlighting ‘STZ 03’, ‘Maradol’ and ‘UENF/ CALIMAN 01’ as the most resistant genotypes. ‘Tailândia’ (susceptible) showed greater response to the products. Plants sprayed with Bion®, Bordeaux mixture and Bordasul® had reduced black spot means. © 2017, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). All rights reserved.431606

A retrospective analysis of colorectal serrated lesions from 2005 to 2014 in a single center: importance of the establishment of diagnostic patterns

sem informaçãoSerrated colorectal lesions are increasingly recognized as an important process in the development of colorectal cancer. Endoscopic and histological diagnosis may be difficult, and knowledge of the serrated lesions is important for the establishment of stsem informaçãosem informaçãosem informaçã

Size matters: fishing less and yielding more in smaller-scale fisheries

Several factors influence catches and the sustainability of fisheries, and such factors might be different depending on the scale on which fisheries work. We investigated the existence of possible subdivisions within small-scale fisheries (SSF) themselves, regarding their economic performance and relative social and environmental impacts to understand which categories of these two types of fleets are best positioned to support sustainability. By doing so, we investigated if it is a good strategy for SSF to aim to grow towards larger scales. We obtained economic and ecological data from landing samplings and information on technological efficiency of this fleet, using a northeastern Brazilian state as a case study. We defined a cut-off point to separate the SSF into two categories of boats, according to their size and gear. We compared their cpue and the factors affecting it within each category; we also compared economic (number of boats, number of landings, jobs, gears, catch, travel time and total time of the fishery, revenues, costs, profits, revenue per unit of effort, and profit per unit of effort) and ecological factors (vulnerability of species caught) between the two categories. We found that small boats spent less time fishing and employed comparatively more people per landed value and catch. The cpue and profits of small boats were also higher. Both large and small boats exploit species with the same overall vulnerability. Therefore, being smaller, even within the SSF category, seems to be a more advantageous social and economic strategy for guaranteeing higher catches and more employment opportunities per catch. These findings need to be taken into account when defining new policies, such as the distribution of subsidies that support or not the sustainable use of fishery resources

Analysis of access to hypertensive and diabetic drugs in the Family Health Strategy, State of Pernambuco, Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the access to drugs for hypertension and diabetes and the direct cost of buying them among users of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS: Population-based, cross-sectional study of a systematic random sample of 785 patients with hypertension and 823 patients with diabetes mellitus who were registered in 208 randomly selected FHS teams in 35 municipalities of the state of Pernambuco. The selected municipalities were classified into three levels with probability proportional to municipality size (LS, large-sized; MS, medium-sized; SS, small-sized). To verify differences between the cities, we used the χ2 test. RESULTS: Pharmacological treatment was used by 91.2% patients with hypertension whereas 85.6% patients with diabetes mellitus used oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs), and 15.4% used insulin. The FHS team itself provided antihypertensive medications to 69.0% patients with hypertension, OADs to 75.0% patients with diabetes mellitus, and insulin treatment to 65.4%. The 36.9% patients with hypertension and 29.8% with diabetes mellitus that had to buy all or part of their medications reported median monthly cost of R$18.30, R$ 14.00, and R$ 27.61 for antihypertensive drugs, OADs, and insulin, respectively

Livestock policy in the Brazilian Amazonia colonization

The objective of this chapter is to present, based on a diachronic analysis, the main steps of livestock farming in the Brazilian Amazonia and the policies that have been associated with it

Insulin therapy modulates mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, autophagy and tau protein phosphorylation in the brain of type 1 diabetic rats

AbstractThe main purpose of this study was to examine whether streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes (T1D) and insulin (INS) treatment affect mitochondrial function, fission/fusion and biogenesis, autophagy and tau protein phosphorylation in cerebral cortex from diabetic rats treated or not with INS. No significant alterations were observed in mitochondrial function as well as pyruvate levels, despite the significant increase in glucose levels observed in INS-treated diabetic rats. A significant increase in DRP1 protein phosphorylated at Ser616 residue was observed in the brain cortex of STZ rats. Also an increase in NRF2 protein levels and in the number of copies of mtDNA were observed in STZ diabetic rats, these alterations being normalized by INS. A slight decrease in LC3-II levels was observed in INS-treated rats when compared to STZ diabetic animals. An increase in tau protein phosphorylation at Ser396 residue was observed in STZ diabetic rats while INS treatment partially reversed that effect. Accordingly, a modest reduction in the activation of GSK3β and a significant increase in the activity of phosphatase 2A were found in INS-treated rats when compared to STZ diabetic animals. No significant alterations were observed in caspases 9 and 3 activity and synaptophysin and PSD95 levels. Altogether our results show that mitochondrial alterations induced by T1D seem to involve compensation mechanisms since no significant changes in mitochondrial function and synaptic integrity were observed in diabetic animals. In addition, INS treatment is able to normalize the alterations induced by T1D supporting the importance of INS signaling in the brain

Inhibition Of Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition And Metastasis By Combined Tgfbeta Knockdown And Metformin Treatment In A Canine Mammary Cancer Xenograft Model

Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal properties, generating metastases. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is associated with this malignancy by having the ability to induce EMT. Metformin, has been shown to inhibit EMT in breast cancer cells. Based on this evidence we hypothesize that treatment with metformin and the silencing of TGF-β, inhibits the EMT in cancer cells. Canine metastatic mammary tumor cell line CF41 was stably transduced with a shRNA-lentivirus, reducing expression level of TGF-β1. This was combined with metformin treatment, to look at effects on cell migration and the expression of EMT markers. For in vivo study, unmodified or TGF-β1sh cells were injected in the inguinal region of nude athymic female mice followed by metformin treatment. The mice’s lungs were collected and metastatic nodules were subsequently assessed for EMT markers expression. The migration rate was lower in TGF-β1sh cells and when combined with metformin treatment. Metformin treatment reduced N-cadherin and increased E-cadherin expression in both CF41 and TGF-β1sh cells. Was demonstrated that metformin treatment reduced the number of lung metastases in animals bearing TGF-β1sh tumors. This paralleled a decreased N-cadherin and vimentin expression, and increased E-cadherin and claudin-7 expression in lung metastases. This study confirms the benefits of TGF-β1 silencing in addition to metformin as potential therapeutic agents for breast cancer patients, by blocking EMT process. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to report metformin treatment in cells with TGF-β1 silencing and their effect on EMT. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media New York.221274

Identifying multiple stressor controls on phytoplankton dynamics in the River Thames (UK) using high-frequency water quality data

River phytoplankton blooms can pose a serious risk to water quality and the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems. Developing a greater understanding of the physical and chemical controls on the timing, magnitude and duration of blooms is essential for the effective management of phytoplankton development. Five years of weekly water quality monitoring data along the River Thames, southern England were combined with hourly chlorophyll concentration (a proxy for phytoplankton biomass), flow, temperature and daily sunlight data from the mid-Thames. Weekly chlorophyll data was of insufficient temporal resolution to identify the causes of short term variations in phytoplankton biomass. However, hourly chlorophyll data enabled identification of thresholds in water temperature (between 9 and 19 °C) and flow (<30 m3 s−1) that explained the development of phytoplankton populations. Analysis showed that periods of high phytoplankton biomass and growth rate only occurred when these flow and temperature conditions were within these thresholds, and coincided with periods of long sunshine duration, indicating multiple stressor controls. Nutrient concentrations appeared to have no impact on the timing or magnitude of phytoplankton bloom development, but severe depletion of dissolved phosphorus and silicon during periods of high phytoplankton biomass may have contributed to some bloom collapses through nutrient limitation. This study indicates that for nutrient enriched rivers such as the Thames,manipulating residence time (through removing impoundments) and light/temperature (by increasing riparian tree shading) may offer more realistic solutions than reducing phosphorus concentrations for controlling excessive phytoplankton biomass