EVALUACIÓN NUTRICIONAL Y DE SALUD DE LOS JUGADORES DE UN EQUIPO PROFESIONAL DE FÚTBOL SERIE D

O futebol é um dos esportes mais populares do mundo e requer alta demanda energética e aporte nutricional equilibrado para o desempenho ideal dos atletas em campo. A recomendação nutricional para atletas de alta performance é superior à de indivíduos sedentários ou que praticam atividade física moderada, então o protocolo nutricional deve ser específico para esses indivíduos. Objetivo: A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o perfil nutricional, médico e hábitos alimentares dos jogadores de um time de futebol profissional, série D, do interior do Espírito Santo. Foram avaliados 42 jogadores do sexo masculino. Método: As informações foram obtidas através de uma consulta realizada na Clínica Escola de Nutrição e Fisioterapia da Faculdade Multivix de Nova Venécia-ES, por alunos do último ano do curso de nutrição acompanhados da preceptora de estágio. A composição corporal foi definida através da altura, peso, circunferências e percentual de gordura, também foram obtidas informações nutricionais através do recordatório alimentar 24h. Resultados: Com os resultados foi possível identificar a composição corporal: altura, peso, gasto calórico; Ingestão habitual: percentual de macronutrientes, quantidade de proteínas/kg e fibras e demais dados para intervenção nutricional seguindo as recomendações de suplementação desse público. Conclusão: Dessa forma foi estabelecido um protocolo inicial de alimentação e suplementação adequado às necessidades e hábitos dos jogadores, permitindo melhor desempenho físico, recuperação e otimização das atividades em campo.O futebol é um dos esportes mais populares do mundo e requer alta demanda energética e aporte nutricional equilibrado para o desempenho ideal dos atletas em campo. A recomendação nutricional para atletas de alta performance é superior à de indivíduos sedentários ou que praticam atividade física moderada, então o protocolo nutricional deve ser específico para esses indivíduos. Objetivo: A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o perfil nutricional, médico e hábitos alimentares dos jogadores de um time de futebol profissional, série D, do interior do Espírito Santo. Foram avaliados 42 jogadores do sexo masculino. Método: As informações foram obtidas através de uma consulta realizada na Clínica Escola de Nutrição e Fisioterapia da Faculdade Multivix de Nova Venécia-ES, por alunos do último ano do curso de nutrição acompanhados da preceptora de estágio. A composição corporal foi definida através da altura, peso, circunferências e percentual de gordura, também foram obtidas informações nutricionais através do recordatório alimentar 24h. Resultados: Com os resultados foi possível identificar a composição corporal: altura, peso, gasto calórico; Ingestão habitual: percentual de macronutrientes, quantidade de proteínas/kg e fibras e demais dados para intervenção nutricional seguindo as recomendações de suplementação desse público. Conclusão: Dessa forma foi estabelecido um protocolo inicial de alimentação e suplementação adequado às necessidades e hábitos dos jogadores, permitindo melhor desempenho físico, recuperação e otimização das atividades em campo.Football is one of the most popular sports in the world and requires high energy demand and balanced nutritional intake for the optimal performance of athletes on the field. The nutritional recommendation for high-performance athletes is higher than that of sedentary individuals or those who practice moderate physical activity, so the nutritional protocol should be specific to these individuals. Objective: This research aims to analyze the nutritional, medical and eating habits of players of a professional soccer team, series D, in the interior of the state of Espírito Santo. A total of 42 male players were evaluated. Method: The information was obtained through a consultation held at the Clinical School of Nutrition and Physical Therapy of the Multivix College of Nova Venécia-ES, by students of the last year of the nutrition course accompanied by the internship preceptor. Body composition was defined through height, weight, circumferences and fat percentage, nutritional information was also obtained through the 24-hour food recall. Results: With the results it was possible to identify the body composition: height, weight, caloric expenditure; Usual intake: percentage of macronutrients, amount of protein/kg and fiber and other data for nutritional intervention following the recommendations of supplementation of this public. Conclusion: Thus, an initial feeding and supplementation protocol was established that was appropriate to the needs and habits of the players, allowing better physical performance, recovery and optimization of activities on the field.El fútbol es uno de los deportes más populares del mundo y requiere una alta demanda de energía y una ingesta nutricional equilibrada para el rendimiento óptimo de los atletas en el campo. La recomendación nutricional para deportistas de alto rendimiento es superior a la de individuos sedentarios o que practican actividad física moderada, por lo que el protocolo nutricional debe ser específico para estos individuos. Objetivo: Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los hábitos nutricionales, médicos y alimentarios de jugadores de un equipo de fútbol profesional, serie D, en el interior de ES. Un total de 42 jugadores masculinos fueron evaluados. Método: La información fue obtenida a través de una consulta realizada en la Escuela Clínica de Nutrición y Fisioterapia del Colegio Multivix de Nova Venécia-ES, por estudiantes del último año del curso de nutrición acompañados por el preceptor de pasantías. La composición corporal se definió a través de la altura, el peso, las circunferencias y el porcentaje de grasa, la información nutricional también se obtuvo a través del retiro de alimentos de 24 horas. Resultados: Con los resultados fue posible identificar la composición corporal: talla, peso, gasto calórico; Ingesta habitual: porcentaje de macronutrientes, cantidad de proteína/kg y fibra y otros datos para la intervención nutricional siguiendo las recomendaciones de suplementación de este público. Conclusión: Así, se estableció un protocolo inicial de alimentación y suplementación adecuado a las necesidades y hábitos de los jugadores, permitiendo un mejor rendimiento físico, recuperación y optimización de las actividades en el campo

2 nd Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease, 2015

Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on the articulation and strategic contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of a close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. It is hoped that this document will strengthen the development of integrated actions against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research

Avalia??o dos danos hep?ticos causados pelo excesso de frutose e poss?veis benef?cios da suplementa??o com a?a? (Euterpe oleracea Martius) em ratos da linhagem Fischer.

Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de e Nutri??o. Escola de Nutri??o, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto.A doen?a hep?tica gordurosa n?o alco?lica (NAFLD) ? caracterizada pelo ac?mulo de gordura no f?gado de pacientes sem hist?ria de consumo excessivo de ?lcool. A NAFLD ? classificada como esteatose simples, na qual ocorre a deposi??o de gordura nos hepat?citos ou como esteatohepatite (NASH) na qual, al?m de dep?sitos de gordura ocorre necroinflama??o. Altera??es no metabolismo de lip?dios e nos mecanismos antioxidantes t?m sido relacionadas como fatores promotores da doen?a. O consumo excessivo de frutose pode causar danos hep?ticos caracter?sticos dessa doen?a. A frutose pode estimular a s?ntese de novo de lip?dios e seu efeito lipog?nico n?o ? mediado exclusivamente pelo excesso de substrato. Tem sido demonstrado que o excesso de frutose altera vias de sinaliza??o regulat?rias impactando o metabolismo de macronutrientes e alterando o processo inflamat?rio. Estudos demonstram que o a?a?, fruto da palmeira EUTERPE OLERACEA MART. afeta o metabolismo de lip?dios e pode, portanto, ter efeito protetor sobre a esteatose hep?tica, al?m de apresentar efeito anti-inflamat?rio e antioxidante. Assim, o presente estudo avaliou os benef?cios da suplementa??o com a?a? sobre os danos hep?ticos causados pelo excesso de frutose em ratos da linhagem Fischer. Foram utilizados 30 ratos (machos) divididos em 2 grupos: grupo C (grupo controle) recebeu dieta padr?o AIN-93M (10 animais) e o grupo F (grupo frutose) recebeu dieta contendo 60% de frutose (20 animais). Ap?s 8 semanas, 10 animais do grupo frutose passaram a receber a mesma dieta contendo 2% de a?a? liofilizado, grupo FA (frutose+a?a?). Os ratos foram alimentados ad libitum com estas dietas por mais 10 semanas. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de normalidade de Kolmogorov Smirnov. Aqueles cuja distribui??o foi param?trica foram analisados pelo teste One-Way ANOVA, seguido do p?s-teste de Tukey. Os dados com distribui??o n?o param?trica foram avaliados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis seguido pelo p?s-teste de Dunn's. As diferen?as foram consideradas significativas para p < 0,05. Os resultados obtidos mostram o efeito hiperglic?mico e hipertriglicerid?mico decorrente da dieta rica em frutose e altera??es caracter?sticas de esteatose hep?tica foram confirmadas pela an?lise histol?gica do f?gado. Essa dieta tamb?m alterou a atividade de enzimas hep?ticas e enzimas antioxidantes. O tratamento com a?a? (FA) reduziu a atividade da alanina animotransferase e reduziu parcialmente fosfatase alcalina em rela??o ao grupo frutose (F), a atividade da paroxonase sobre o substrato paroxon, reduziu parcialmente em rela??o ao grupo frutose (F) e catalase reduziu a n?veis iguais ao controle. A adi??o de a?a? aumentou a rela??o da glutationa total por oxidada (GSH/GSSG) e reduziu o grau de esteatose macroves?cular e microves?cular. Dessa forma, a ingest?o da dieta rica em frutose por esse per?odo foi eficaz em promover a esteatose hep?tica, e a suplementa??o com a?a? revelou melhorar algumas das vari?veis estudadas, sugerindo um poss?vel efeito protetor desse fruto.Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by fat accumulation in the liver of patients without history of excessive alcohol consumption. The NAFLD is classified as simple fatty liver, which occurs in the deposition of fat in hepatocytes, and as steatohepatitis (NASH) in which, in addition to fatty deposits occur necroinflammation. Changes in lipid metabolism and antioxidant mechanisms have been implicated as promoting factors of the disease. Excessive consumption of fructose can cause liver damage characteristic of this disease. Fructose can stimulate de novo synthesis of lipids and its lipogenic effect is not mediated exclusively by excess substrate. It has been shown that the excess fructose modifies regulatory signaling pathways impacts the macronutrients metabolism and altering the inflammatory process. It has been shown that the acai fruit of EUTERPE OLERACEA MART. palm tree affects the lipid metabolism and may therefore have protective effects on hepatic steatosis, besides having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect. The present study evaluated the benefits of a?a? supplementation on the liver damage caused by fructose rich-diet in rats Fischer lineage. 30 rats (males) divided into 2 groups: Group C (control group) received standard diet AIN-93M (10 animals) and F group (fructose group) received a diet containing 60% fructose (20 animals). After eight weeks, 10 animals of the fructose group stard receiving the same, but now containing 2% freeze dried acai, FA group (fructose + acai). The rats were fed these diets ad libitum for 10 weeks. The data were submitted to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test. Those whose distribution was parametric were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-test. The data with non-parametric distribution were evaluated by the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's post-test. Differences were considered significant for p <0.05. The results show the hyperglycemic effect and hypertriglyceridemia due to diet high in fructose and changes characteristics of hepatic steatosis were confirmed by histological analysis in liver. This diet has also altered activity of liver enzymes and antioxidant enzymes. Treatment with acai (FA) reduces animotransferase alanine activity and reduced partially alkaline phosphatase compared to fructose group (F), the paraoxonase activity about paroxon substrate decreased partially with respect to fructose group (F) and catalase reduced levels equal to control. Adding acai increased the ratio of the total glutathione to oxidized (GSH / GSSG) and reduced the degree of macrovesicular and microvesicular steatosis. Thus, the intake of diet rich in fructose for this period was effective in promoting hepatic steatosis, and supplementation with acai revealed improve some of the variables studied, suggesting a possible protective effect of this fruit

Evaluation of the biological quality of defatted pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Cambess) seed flour protein supplemented with lysine to rats (Rattus norvegicus)

ABSTRACT Objective In the biome of the Brazilian Cerrado, there are a lot of fruit tree species that stand out for their sensory quality and for presenting potentialities in the market of pulp and almond. Among these species, the pequi deserves attention because it has an almond rich in proteins and that is little explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological quality of defatted pequi seed flour supplemented with lysine. Methods Two designs were done in this study; in the first, the animals were divided into four diet groups: control, protein-free, defatted pequi seed flour and defatted pequi seed flour supplemented with lysine. The protein-free diet was exempt of proteins and the other diets had a protein content of 10% and differed in protein source (casein: control diet or defatted pequi seed flour: test diets). The experiment lasted for 14 days. In the second design, 36 animals were used and followed-up for 28 days. The division of the experimental groups was kept, except for the protein-free diet group, which was excluded. By the end of the test, the animals were anaesthetised and euthanized. Results The results showed that the protein efficiency ratio of the control group was significantly higher than the other groups. For the other indices, the groups that received defatted pequi seed flour did not differ statistically among themselves. Conclusion These findings have shown an effect of supplementation on the protein efficiency ratio when comparing the test diets, however, when compared to the control group, no improvement was found

UTILIZAÇÃO DE PODCAST PARA EDUCAÇÃO EM ESTOMATERAPIA DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19

Objetivo:Descrever a experiência de acadêmicas de Enfermagem a respeito da utilização de podcast para educação em estomaterapia durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Método: Relato de experiência acerca de atividade de educação em saúde realizada entre junho e outubro de 2021, que descreve a criação de um canal de podcaste a divulgação de conteúdos em estomaterapia. Resultados: Foram realizados 16 episódios abordando as três áreas de estudo da estomaterapia, um introdutório, oito sobre feridas, quatro sobre estomias e três sobre incontinências. Conclusão: Com a utilização do podcast para disseminar conteúdos em estomaterapia, observaram-se a praticidade e o custo-benefício da tecnologia para implementar educação em saúde a distância

PODCASTING FOR EDUCATION IN ENTEROSTOMAL THERAPY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Objective: To describe the experience of nursing academics on the use of podcast for education in enterostomal therapy during the pandemic of COVID-19. Method: Experience report on health education activity held between June and October 2021, which describes the creation of a podcast channel and disclosure of contents in stomatherapy. Results: Sixteen episodes approached the three stomatherapy study areas, one containing the introduction, eight on wounds, four on ostomies and three on incontinences. Conclusion: Through the use of the podcast to disseminate contents in stomach therapy, the practicality and cost-benefit of technology to implement distance health education were observed

El a?ai mejora la enfermedad de h?gado graso no alcoh?lico (NAFLD) inducida por la fructosa.

Introduction: the excessive consumption of fructose can cause liver damage, characteristic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated with changes in lipid metabolism and antioxidant defenses. A?ai, the fruit of Euterpe oleracea Mart., has demonstrated numerous biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and lipid metabolism modulating action. Objective: we evaluated the benefits of a?ai supplementation on liver damage caused by replacing starch with fructose in rats. Methods: thirty male Fischer rats were divided into two groups, the control group (C, 10 animals), which consumed a standard diet (AIN-93M), and the fructose (F, 20 animals) group, which consumed a diet containing 60% of fructose. After eight weeks, 10 animals from the fructose group received 2% of lyophilized a?ai, and were called the a?ai fructose group (FA). The animals were fed ad libitum with these diets for another ten weeks. Serum, hepatic and fecal lipid profile, antioxidant enzymes and carbonylated protein were assessed and histopathological characterization of the liver was performed. Results: a?ai promoted the reduction of ALT activity in relation to the fructose group (F), reduced alkaline phosphatase to a level similar to that of the control group (C) in relation to the fructose group (F), and reduced catalase activity. The fruit also increased the ratio of total/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) and reduced the degree of macrovesicular steatosis and the number of inflammatory cells. Conclusion: the replacement of starch by fructose during this period was effective in promoting NAFLD. A?ai showed attenuating effects on some markers of hepatic steatosis and inflammation.Introducci?n: el consumo excesivo de fructosa puede causar da?o hep?tico, caracter?stico de la enfermedad hep?tica grasa no alcoh?lica (EHGNA), asociada con cambios en el metabolismo de los l?pidos y defensas antioxidantes. El a?ai, fruto del Euterpe oleracea Mart., ha demostrado desempe?ar numerosas actividades biol?gicas, incluidas acciones antiinflamatorias, antioxidantes y moduladoras del metabolismo lip?dico. Objetivo: se evaluaron los beneficios de la suplementaci?n con a?ai en el da?o hep?tico causado por la sustituci?n del almid?n por fructosa en ratas. M?todos: se distribuyeron 30 ratas Fischer macho en dos grupos: 10 ratas en el grupo control (C), que consum?a una dieta est?ndar (AIN-93M), y 20 ratas en el grupo fructosa (F), que consum?a una dieta que conten?a un 60% de fructosa. Despu?s de ocho semanas, diez animales del grupo fructosa recibieron un 2% de a?ai liofilizado, por lo que pasaron a integrar el grupo a?ai fructosa (FA). Los animales fueron alimentados ad libitum con estas dietas durante otras diez semanas. Se analizaron el perfil lip?dico hep?tico y fecal, las enzimas antioxidantes y la prote?na carbonilada, y se realiz? la caracterizaci?n histopatol?gica del h?gado. Resultados: el a?ai promovi? la reducci?n de la actividad de ALT en relaci?n al grupo de fructosa (F) y la reducci?n de la fosfatasa alcalina a niveles similares a los hallados en el grupo control (C) en relaci?n con el grupo de fructosa (F). El fruto tambi?n aument? la proporci?n de glutati?n total/oxidado (GSH/GSSG) y redujo el grado de esteatosis macrovesicular y el n?mero de c?lulas inflamatorias. Conclusi?n: la sustituci?n de almid?n por fructosa durante este periodo fue eficaz en la promoci?n de NAFLD. El a?ai mostr? efectos atenuantes en algunos marcadores de esteatosis hep?tica y de inflamaci?n

Mayaro virus induction of oxidative stress is associated with liver pathology in a non-lethal mouse model.

Mayaro virus (MAYV) causes Mayaro fever in humans, a self-limiting acute disease, with persistent arthralgia and arthritis. Although MAYV has a remerging potential, its pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we characterized a model of MAYV infection in 3?4-week BALB/c mice. We investigated whether the liver acts as a site of viral replication and if the infection could cause histopathological alterations and an imbalance in redox homeostasis, culminating with oxidative stress. MAYV-infected mice revealed lower weight gain; however, the disease was self-resolving. High virus titre, neutralizing antibodies, and increased levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases were detected in the serum. Infectious viral particles were recovered in the liver of infected animals and the histological examination of liver tissues revealed significant increase in the inflammatory infiltrate. MAYV induced significant oxidative stress in the liver of infected animals, as well as a deregulation of enzymatic antioxidant components. Collectively, this is the first study to report that oxidative stress occurs in MAYV infection in vivo, and that it may be crucial in virus pathogenesis. Future studies are warranted to address the alternative therapeutic strategies for Mayaro fever, such as those based on antioxidant compounds

Efects of a?ai on oxidative stress, ER stress, and infammationrelated parameters in mice with high fat diet-fed induced NAFLD.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most predominant liver disease worldwide, is a progressive condition that encompasses a spectrum of disorders ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis, and, ultimately, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the underlying mechanism is complex and multifactorial, several intracellular events leading to its progression have been identified, including oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and altered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis. Phenolic compounds, such as those present in a?ai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), are considered promising therapeutic agents due to their possible beneficial effects on the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. We tested in vitro effects of aqueous a?ai extract (AAE) in HepG2 cells and its influence on oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation in a murine model of high fat diet-induced NAFLD. In vitro AAE exhibited high antioxidant capacity, high potential to inhibit reactive oxygen species production, and no cytotoxicity. In vivo, AAE administration (3?g/kg) for six weeks attenuated liver damage (alanine aminotransferase levels), inflammatory process (number of inflammatory cells and serum TNF?), and oxidative stress, through the reduction of lipid peroxidation and carbonylation of proteins determined by OxyBlot and modulation of the antioxidant enzymes: glutathione reductase, SOD and catalase. No change was observed in collagen content indicating an absence of fibrosis, stress-related genes in RE, and protein expression of caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis. With these results, we provide evidence that a?ai exhibits hepatoprotective effects and may prevent the progression of liver damage related to NAFLD by targeting pathways involved in its progression