91 research outputs found

    Coffe Value Chain in Timor-Leste

    Get PDF
    Coffee chains in Timor-Leste have many processes that go from producer to consumer, through suppliers and intermediaries in order to provide products, services and information with an increased value. The main phases of this chain have been analyzed through direct observation and interviews with key actors. The aim was to identify problems, examine the sales situation, discover opportunities, and weaknesses. There is room to increase yields and quality as well as the producers’ income through training of farmers, production and processing improvements and investmens in infrastructures. Furthermore, the improvement of market transparency is highly recommended and so is the adoption of complementary activities to improve the coffee value chain

    O PAPEL DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR E A PRODUÇÃO DE CAFÉ EM TIMOR-LESTE

    Get PDF
    Todas as actividades agrícolas em Timor-Leste têm uma base familiar, nomeadamente a produção de café, podendo considerar-se ser a agricultura familiar o tipo predominante nas diversas áreas do desenvolvimento rural, seja a florestal, a pesqueira, a pastorícia, a agrícola ou a aquícola. No que respeita à produção de café em Timor-Leste, para além do seu contributo para a geração de rendimentos para a família agricultora, desempenha ainda um papel crucial na manutenção da paisagem rural, na conservação do património genético das plantas e na defesa do património cultural das comunidades locais. Analisar e reflectir sobre o papel da agricultura familiar e a produção do café em Timor-Leste, realçando os aspectos referentes à sua cadeia de valor e à competitividade e vantagem comparativa do sector é o objectivo deste capítulo. Importa o reconhecimento do papel da família produtora de café e a formulação de políticas que promovam uma agricultura familiar sustentável em Timor Leste. Para tal um melhor entendimento das necessidades, do potencial e restrições da agricultura familiar e assegurar apoio técnico é fundamental. Urge também criar sinergias para a sustentabilidade, criar e legitimar associações de produtores de café a defender os interesses da agricultura familiar, reconhecer o papel da mulher neste tipo de agricultura e identificar possibilidades de comercialização através de circuitos curtos que liguem o produtor ao consumidor

    O PAPEL DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR E A PRODUÇÃO DE CAFÉ EM TIMOR-LESTE

    Get PDF
    Todas as actividades agrícolas em Timor-Leste têm uma base familiar, nomeadamente a produção de café, podendo considerar-se ser a agricultura familiar o tipo predominante nas diversas áreas do desenvolvimento rural, seja a florestal, a pesqueira, a pastorícia, a agrícola ou a aquícola. No que respeita à produção de café em Timor-Leste, para além do seu contributo para a geração de rendimentos para a família agricultora, desempenha ainda um papel crucial na manutenção da paisagem rural, na conservação do património genético das plantas e na defesa do património cultural das comunidades locais. Analisar e reflectir sobre o papel da agricultura familiar e a produção do café em Timor-Leste, realçando os aspectos referentes à sua cadeia de valor e à competitividade e vantagem comparativa do sector é o objectivo deste capítulo. Importa o reconhecimento do papel da família produtora de café e a formulação de políticas que promovam uma agricultura familiar sustentável em Timor Leste. Para tal um melhor entendimento das necessidades, do potencial e restrições da agricultura familiar e assegurar apoio técnico é fundamental. Urge também criar sinergias para a sustentabilidade, criar e legitimar associações de produtores de café a defender os interesses da agricultura familiar, reconhecer o papel da mulher neste tipo de agricultura e identificar possibilidades de comercialização através de circuitos curtos que liguem o produtor ao consumidor

    ÁCAROS (ARACHNIDA: ACARI) ASSOCIADOS AO TAPEREBAZEIRO (Spondias mombin L.) NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA

    Get PDF
    This is the first survey of mites associated with hog plum trees in the state of Amapá, Brazilian Amazon. We collected 32 species of mites from 17 families. Among the phytophagous mites, Davisella spondias Reis & Navia (Diptilomiopidae) was the most abundant species. Among predator mites, the family Phytoseiidae presented the highest richness of species.Keywords: richness; predator mites; Tenuipalpus uvae; Davisella spondias.Este é o primeiro levantamento de ácaros associados a Spondias mombin L. no Estado do Amapá, norte do Brasil. Foram coletadas 32 espécies de ácaros pertencentes a 17 famílias. Entre os fitófagos, Davisella spondias Reis & Navia (Diptilomiopidae) foi a espécie mais abundante. Entre os ácaros predadores, a família Phytoseiidae apresentou a maior riqueza de espécies.Palavras-chave: riqueza, ácaros predadores, Tenuipalpus uvae, Davisella spondias

    Communication and Biodegradable Packaging Relationship: A Paradigm for Final Disposal

    Get PDF
    Solid waste generation is estimated to increase from 1.3 billion to 2.2 billion tons by 2025, causing environmental, social, and consequently public health problems. The biggest problem in this regard involves the inadequate disposal of waste, and in emerging countries like Brazil, it is sorted less waste for recycling or composting. In this context, plastic packaging is more complex due to the high polymer composition, as well as low recycling rates. Bioplastics appear as alternatives because they are mostly biodegradable. Given the various functions of packaging and a systematic review of the literature, the aim of this study was to discuss the communicational aspects directly related to bioplastic packaging and to present how the communication function in packaging can contribute to providing relevant information to consumers, to minimize the problem of improper disposal. This paper concluded that communication, whether in plastic or bioplastic packaging should be an agent of environmental education. Thus, promoting essential actions in the people such as non-generation, reduction, reuse, and recycling of waste, consequently, generating a solution cycle that allows the development of a circular economy

    Cleaning ability of chlorhexidine gel and sodium hypochlorite associated or not with EDTA as root canal irrigants: a scanning electron microscopy study

    Get PDF
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the cleaning efficacy of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate gel (CHX) compared to 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl) associated or not with 17% EDTA used as irrigants during the biomechanical preparation. Fifty freshly extracted single-rooted human teeth with complete apex formation were randomly divided into five groups: G1 - sterile saline, G2 - 2.5% NaOCl, G3 - 2% CHX, G4 - 2.5% NaOCl + EDTA and G5 - 2% CHX + EDTA. The specimens of G1 were subdivided into two control groups. The teeth were decoronated and the coronal and middle root thirds were prepared with Gates-Glidden burs, and the apical third was reserved to manual instrumentation. All procedures were performed by a single operator. In all groups, 2 mL of irrigant was delivered between each file change. The teeth were sectioned and prepared for analyses under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM micrographs were graded according to a score scale by two examiners. Data were analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests at 1% significance level. The best results were obtained in the groups in which the irrigant was used followed by the chelating agent. No statistically significant difference was observed among G4, G5 and the positive control group (

    ASPECTOS DE QUALIDADE INTERNA E EXTERNA DE OVOS COMERCIALIZADOS EM DIFERENTES ESTABELECIMENTOS NA REGIÃO DE GOIÂNIA

    Get PDF
    Realizaram-se dois experimentos, em que no primeiro avaliou-se a qualidade de ovos brancos de granja, comercializados em supermercados, mercados de varejo, feiras e na própria granja e no segundo, compararam-se os ovos brancos, caipiras e ovos especiais (enriquecidos com ômega 3), provenientes de diferentes tipos de estabelecimentos. Os ovos brancos do dia (da granja) e os comercializados em supermercados apresentaram melhores resultados (P0,05) em relação ao peso dos ovos, percentagem de albume e gema e para as características externas (% de trincados, sujos e pequenos). Os ovos especiais e caipiras apresentaram os piores resultados para a qualidade interna. Conclui-se que ovos de pior qualidade foram adquiridos na feira e os de melhor qualidade, na própria granja, ovos do dia. Os ovos especiais foram os de pior qualidade interna, independente do estabelecimento comercial. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Comercialização, componentes do ovo, qualidade do ovo

    Nutritive value of elephant grass hay ammoniated by urea

    Get PDF
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ammoniation by urea on the nutritional value of elephant grass hay harvested after flowering. A completely randomized design, in double factorial designs with an additional treatment: 4 urea doses (2, 4, 6 and 8%) x 2 treatment periods (30 and 45 days) + 1 (Control) with four replicates each, was employed. Dry matter, ash, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, lignin, neutral detergent fiber corrected for the ash and the protein, total nitrogen, acid detergent insoluble nitrogen, neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen, in vitro gas production and carbohydrates fractionation were analyzed. The treatments influenced the contents of DM, EE, NDF, ADF, lignin, cellulose, NDFap, fraction A + B1, fraction B2, fraction C, TN, NPN, ADIN, NDIN, L and Vf2. There was a positive linear effect of urea dose for NDF, ADIN, NDIN and L, positive linear effect on fraction A + B1, NT and NPN, and positive quadratic effect for Vf2, with absolute maximum point of 4.5%. Elephant grass hay harvested after flowering has its nutritional value improved, with a minimum dose of 4.5% urea on a dry matter basis

    Grãos de leguminosas moídas como fonte de urease para amonização do feno de capim-elefante

    Get PDF
    The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of soybean (Glycine max), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), and jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) as urease sources for elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) hay ammoniated with urea. The experimental design was completely randomized in a double factorial arrangement with one additional treatment: 4 urease source levels x 3 urease sources + 1 control. Chemical-bromatological analyses and carbohydrate fractionation were performed in the hay, and cumulative gas production in vitro was determined. There were interactions between urease level and source for neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, in which 1 and 2% jack bean lowered acid detergent fiber values, and 2% jack bean and 3% soybean reduced lignin content. The addition of milled legume grains reduces fiber components and increases non protein nitrogen content in elephant grass hay ammoniated with urea. Adding 4% milled soybean increases gas production in the soluble fraction.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão de soja (Glycine max), feijão-guandu (Cajanus cajan) e feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis) como fonte de urease para feno de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum) amonizado com ureia. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial duplo, com um tratamento adicional: 4 níveis de fonte de urease x 3 fontes de urease + 1 controle. Realizou-se a análise química-bromatológica e o fracionamento de carboidratos no feno, e a produção cumulativa de gás in vitro foi determinada. Houve efeito da interação entre o nível e a fonte de urease para fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido, em que a adição de 1 e 2% de feijão-de-porco resultou nos menores valores de fibra em detergente ácido, e a adição de 2% de feijão-de-porco e 3% de soja, nos menores valores de lignina. A adição de grãos moídos das leguminosas reduz os componentes da fibra e aumenta o teor de nitrogênio não proteico do feno de capim-elefante amonizado com ureia. A adição de 4% de grão de soja moído aumenta a produção de gás proveniente da fração solúvel

    Influence of bioceramic intracanal medication on the bond strength of bioceramic root canal sealer

    Get PDF
    Abstract To investigate the influence of the remaining volume of a new intracanal medication based on bioceramic compounds on the bond strength (BS) and formation of an adhesive interface between calcium silicate-based and epoxy resin-based root canal sealers. For this purpose, the specimens were distributed according to the intracanal medication (n = 26): Bio-C Temp (BCT) and Ultracal XS (UXS). The roots were scanned in microCT, and after 7 days, the medication was removed. Then a new scan was performed to evaluate the volume of medication remaining. Subsequently, 40 specimens were redistributed into 2 subgroups (n = 10) and filled according to the sealer used: AH Plus (AHP) and Bio-C Sealer (BCS), to assess the bond strength by using the push-out test, and the adhesive interface by confocal laser fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The t test showed a smaller remainder of BCT (1.77 ± 0.86) compared with UXS (10.47 ± 5.78), irrespective of the root third evaluated. The BS showed that teeth with BCT + BCS had higher bond strength values (3.70 ± 1.22) when compared to the other groups: BCT + AHP (2.15 ± 1.07), UXS + BCS (3.18 ± 1.09) and UXS + AHP (2.11 ± 1.02) (p<0.001). The cervical third had higher BS when compared with the middle and apical thirds (p < 0.001), and higher number of adhesive failures. The adhesive interface in SEM and CLSM images showed better adaptation for the association between BCT + BCS. Intracanal medication and silicate-based endodontic sealer appeared to interact chemically by forming a biomineralizing layer, allowing for an increase in the bond strength and forming an adhesive interface between the materials, with no or less gap formation
    corecore